1、 词义猜测题增分点( 一)“根据上下文语境”猜测典例 (2018全国卷阅读 C 节选).Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal co
2、mpulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in para
3、graph 2?AComplex. BAdvanced.CPowerful. DModern.解析 选 C 根据选段第二句“In recent centuries, trade .dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，近几个世纪以来，人 类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐 渐被英语、西班牙语和汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占主导地位的”。由此推知 dominant languages 意为：占主导地位的语言。故选 C。干扰项分析 compl
4、ex 复杂的；advanced 高级的，先 进的； modern 现代的。 这三项不能说明这几种语言占主导地位的根本原因。增分技巧 利用上下文语境猜词义在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和其他单词有着紧密的联系( 如定义、重述、举例、近 义词和反义词等) ，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先作具体的阐述，然后再进行归纳、总结。如果读者能抓住作者的思路就能从那些具体说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词的线索来。做词义猜测题，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证” ，即利用上下文提
5、供的情景和线索，结合我们的生活常识和社会经验进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，切忌脱离上下文盲目猜测。训练目标( 一) 对点练攻克失分短板A(2018全国卷阅读 D 节选)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier t
6、han I did how to live more with less.32What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?AThe more, the better.BEnough is enough.CMore money, more worries.DEarn more and spend more.解析：选 A 根据选段第三句可知，作者不 认同前面的 more is more 这种观点；再根据第一句可知，成人能够理解到 处堆满物品是什么感受，可是当涉及孩子和他们的物品时，为什么我们总是认为(孩子)拥有的东西越
7、多越好呢？more is more 是相对于 enough is enough而言的，故选 A 项。B(2018浙江高考阅读 B 节选).Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台)The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities i
8、n California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.25What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?ABans on plastic bags.BEffects of city deve
9、lopment.CHeadaches caused by garbage.DPlastic bags hung in trees.解析：选 A 根据画线单词所在句“看到这种逆风 ，塑料袋制造商雇用了一些像Stein 一 样的科学家来说明他 们的产品并没有像大多数人 认为的那样对地球有害” ，再 联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in .”可知， A 项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。C(2016全国卷阅读 C 节选)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March
10、 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve
11、got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.29Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?Aprovider Bdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor解析：选 B 根据画线单词后的“I ve done 89 trips . to carry stem cells (干细胞)”以及“.from the time the stem cells are harvested from
12、 a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours .”可知， “我”是一个运送干细胞的人，运送有严格的时间限制，故 B 项“送货员”与之相符合。D(2016北京高考阅读 D 节选).For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from
13、within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the
14、family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means .Achange BchoiceCtext Dextension解析：选 A 此题考查 passage 的熟词新义。根据画 线部分后面的内容 “from the shelter of the f
15、amily to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，此处指从受到家庭的庇护到拥有自主性和担负起成年人的责任， 这是大学阶段的一种“转变 ”。训练目标( 二) 综合练提高解题速度(加的题目可根据上下文语 境解题)AIn my first college poetry class we were supposed to write poems.My efforts satisfied neither me nor the professor.I recall one poem about the rushing sounds of cars in rain.
16、After the last term, I picked up my work at the professors office and asked, my knees shaking, “Do I have any talent？” Id earned a B even though I did every task and missed no classes.He was a kind person.“Probably not， ” he said softly, looking down.“Thank you.” I said, and walked back to my dorm.I
17、 felt like a grafted (嫁接的) apple tree: part of me disappointed; another part defiant.The defiant part led me to another poetry class the following year.This time, students drove the discussion and we read contemporary poems. I earned an “A”Many years later, the professor told me that every student w
18、ho did the work earned an “A”His approach was as encouraging as the first instructors was discouraging, but from that discouragement, I learned that teachers dont hold the keys to their students talent.I believe that every human being is born with talent for making art: visual, literary or musical.S
19、ome lucky souls are born with many talents.But no one can predict if or when talent might develop into art that others recognize as good.Artists must have enough ego (自我) to make art and enough modesty to improve it.They must be open to change.They must be their own toughest critics (批评者) ，and be ab
20、le to absorb the criticism.Ive been teaching creative writing for more than 30 years now.Students sometimes ask me, “Do I have talent？” I tell them my story, and I repeated Joyce Carol Oates words, “There is only the work.”And then I say, “Of course you have talent, but you must not need praise.Make
21、 art regardless of whether anyone approves or even notices.”语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者参加了 诗歌班，老师却认为作者没有天赋，但作者并没有气馁，而是继续努力，最终成为一名创意写作老 师。1.What does the underlined word “defiant” mean in Paragraph 2?AShowing sorrow. BShowing satisfaction.CShowing desperation. DShowing disagreement.解析：选 D 词义猜测题。从画 线部分前面的内容“I
22、felt like a grafted (嫁接的) apple tree: part of me disappointed”可知，作者 认为自己就像一棵嫁接的苹果树，一半失望的，一半“反抗”的。第三段开头的 “The defiant part led me to another poetry class the following year.”也有提示，正因为作者不服气，所以她去了另一个诗歌班。2What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 4?ADiscouragement pushes artists to improve.BHard
23、work leads artists to success.CA good artist needs more than talent.DSense your value and keep modest.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者告诉我们要有自我，但是同时也要谦卑地接受别人的批评以求进步。3What is the authors suggestion to her students?ASpare no effort to find your special talent.BTry your best to prove your talent to others.CPr
24、actise more to improve your creative writing.DDevelop your talent even if others disapprove.解析：选 D 细节理解题。从最后一段的内容可知，作者建议学生要刻苦努力，每个人都有天赋，不必奢求别人的表 扬和认可。4What would be the best title for the text?AEveryone has talentBWhat makes a good teacher?CNo one can predict your futureDLearn to accept others criti
25、cism解析：选 A 标题归纳题。通 读全文可知，作者通 过自己的故事告 诉我们：每一个人都有天赋，一定要有自己的坚持和努力，为了进步可以接受他人批 评但是不能因为别人不认可而让自己止步。B(2018湖北省八校高三第一次联考)Even for a certified teacher with a degree and teaching certificate from Florida, a certain embarrassment exists.The two words “English teacher” dont clearly show who I am.Let me explain:
26、 When I go back to the US, I meet all my old friends.Some are stressed, exhausted and generally unhappy.They are stuck in jobs they dont love that they do only to pay the bills.Even the ones making good money dont even have the time to spend it and enjoy themselves.If I were in the US and I were wor
27、king as a teacher, an accountant, a lawyer or so on, then that would be my job more or less for the next 30 to 40 years. I might have other talents, but I would be limited in being able to explore them.In China the system is fluid for everyone: Chinese and expats (侨民)I know many friends, both Chines
28、e and expats, who changed careers because they wanted something new and it didnt require going back to university for four more years.All it required was motivation and a calculated risk.One of the best things about living in China for me is that I can explore different career choices and actually f
29、ind one that I truly love.Lets face that people change over the years: Your likes, your abilities and even the things that make you happy are constantly changing.Why shouldnt your jobs and the opportunities also change with you?When people ask me if I love my job, my answer is “YES.” In China I have
30、 had many jobs: an actor, a model, a salesman and a teacher at various stages during my seven years here.And no one told me “You cant do that.” There was no selflimiting.In China, if you have the motivation to work hard and the drive to succeed then opportunities present themselves around every corn
31、er.语篇解读：作者是个美国人，他以自己的亲身经历说明人 们在中国可从事多种职业，不像在美国那样僵化。5Why the term “English teacher” couldnt explain the authors role in China clearly?ABecause he has taken many different jobs in China.BBecause he has no choice but to be an English teacher.CBecause the purpose of his teaching is to make good money.DB
32、ecause therere too many jobs for him to choose from.解析：选 A 细节理解题。由文章最后一段可知，作者在中国生活的 7 年时间里，从事了多种职业，故第一段中所说 的“英语教师”这个词并不能清楚地 说明其在中国的角色。6Why are some of the author s old friends generally unhappy?ABecause they have no chance to work in China as teachers.BBecause its even harder for them to earn money
33、in the US now.CBecause they have no ability to explore their other talents.DBecause they cant get away from the work they dont enjoy.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “They are stuck in .enjoy themselves.”可知，作者美国的一些朋友不开心是因为他们被困在他们不喜欢的职业中，即使那些赚了钱的人也没有时间去消费，即他们都无法 摆脱他们不喜欢的工作，故选 D。7.What does the underlined word “f
34、luid” in Paragraph 3 mean?AStrict. BFixed.CChangeable. DExciting.解析：选 C 词义猜测题。根据 该句后面所列举的事例可知，人们在中国可以很容易地改变职业，故中国的工作体制不是僵化的，而是可变的(changeable)。8What does the author think of China?AA country without motivation.BA land of opportunities.CA nation full of foreigners.DA place short of jobs.解析：选 B 推理判断题。结
35、合全文可知，作者认为人们在中国可从事多种职业，即中国是一个充满机会的国度，故 选 B。CWhile still a young child, Morales Casanova saw neighborhood children harm local trees and even their own pets.So she formed a group called Humanity United to Nature in Harmony for Beauty, Welfare, and Goodness to address the problem.Through small group me
36、etings, she taught friends to grow plants and care for pets, inspiring a new respect for nature.A few years later, at age 13, she sent the president a proposal (提议) for creating a protected area to train children about environmental issues.He awarded her the National Youth Award for Environmental Pr
37、otection.That backing helped her group to expand its grassroots youth conservation projects through her home state.In 2007 the state capital donated land that let her realize a longheld dream of opening an environmental education park.Opened in 2013, Ceiba Pentandra Park provides a free, interactive
38、 (互动的) learning experience for children and teachers on topics ranging from climate change to wildlife protection and the effects of pollution.The parks unusual aspect is its teachers: other children.“I think children have great potential to be leaders， ” Morales Casanova says.Park students who show
39、 leadership ability are trained to be educators.They learn to speak in front of groups, plan activities, and do fundraising for projects that they design and manage themselves.“When kids see other kids making a real difference, it gives them confidence that they can do it, too， ” Morales Casanova sa
40、ys.“The children we work with are growing up with new values .They are already taking action to change not only their own lifestyles, but also the minds of families and teachers.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介 绍了 Morales Casanova 在推动环保事业方面所做出的贡献。她认为对孩子 们进行环保教育是解决环 境问题的一个非常有效的方法，她曾就此给墨西哥总统提议，并得到了 认可。9.Which can
41、 best replace the underlined word “backing” in Paragraph 3?AApproval. BProtection.CRequest. DOpportunity.解析：选 A 词义猜测题。第二段中提到 Morales Casanova 向总统提议建一个保护区对孩子们进行环保教育，总统 授予了她一个奖项。画 线词后面的内容是 说她之前创立的组织得到了扩展，并在她所在州的帮助下 实现了自己成立环保教育公园的梦想，由此可以推测，此处的 backing 指的是总统对 她所从事的事业的认可。10What is special about Ceiba Pen
42、tandra Park?AIt has children educators.BIt trains teachers for schools.CIt focuses on reducing pollution.DIt involves local government leaders.解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “The parks unusual aspect is its teachers: other children.”，再结合第五段中的 “Park students who show leadership ability are trained to be educat
43、ors.”可知，Morales Casanova 认为孩子们有当 领导者的潜力，所以她们选择有这方面潜力的孩子们，并将他 们培养成公园的老师。 这正是 这个公园与众不同的地方，故选A 项。11What does Morales Casanova stress in solving environment problems?AEducation. BDonation.CExperience. DConfidence.解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “taught friends to .”，第二段中的“train children .”，第三段中的“an environmental e
44、ducation park”和第四段中的“its teachers”等不难看出，Morales Casanova 认为对孩子们进行环保教育是解决环境问题的一个非常有效的方法。12What is the best title for the text?ARespect for NatureBNew Values in LifeCBuilding Leadership Skills in StudentsDSaving Environment Through Children解析：选 D 标题归纳题。通 读全文可知，文章主要介 绍了 Morales Casanova 在推动环保事业方面所做出的贡献
45、，她主要是通 过对孩子们进行环 保教育来提高他们的环保意识，然后通过他们的改变来影响周围的人，从而使人 们从身边的点点滴滴做起，为环保事业尽自己的一份力。故 D 项作标题最恰当。DKrubera Cave in the western Caucasus Mountains is the deepest known cave in the world. An international team prepared to descend into Krubera. The team members hoped to be the first cavers to reach a depth of 2
46、,000 meters, brought five tons of equipment and other necessities with them, and established camps at key locations along the route. They worked for up to 20 hours each day.In the third week, progress was blocked at 1,775 meters by a sump a cave passage filled with water that gives cavers few option
47、s. There are basically three techniques available: dive through it, empty it, or go around it. Gennadiy Samokhin dove to the bottom but was disappointed. “No chance to get through， ” he said. Searching for a way around the sump, Garcia Dils risked entering a waterfall of near freezing water and disc
48、overed that his dry suit had holes in it. “The water was so cold that I lost the feeling in my fingers， ” he said later. He, too, was unsuccessful.Finally, two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream. The team was exhilarated. The passage led to
49、 yet another sump at 1,840 meters. After a short test dive, Samokhin emerged, smiling. There was a promising passage, he reported. But it would have to wait. After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.Four weeks later, a team of nine Ukrainian cavers led by Yuri Kasjan went back to Krubera. Following the path opened by the previous team, they re
