1、课时跟踪练 (一) Introduction & Reading Pre- reading.阅读理解 AA couple of years ago, music psychologist Elizabeth Margulis decided to make some changes to the music of Luciano Berio. Berio was one of the most famous classical composers of the 20th century. After loading his most famous piece into a computer e
2、diting program, she just randomly started cutting.The idea behind this act was simple: Margulis wanted to see if she could make people like Berios music more by making it more repetitive.Margulis knew that 90 percent of the music we listen to is music weve heard before. We return again and again to
3、our favorite songs, listening over and over to the same musical riffs (重复乐段 ), which themselves repeat over and over inside the music, and shed become obsessed with understanding why repetition is so compelling (引人入胜的). This is why she was razoring the music of Berio because his music isnt at all re
4、petitive.We are drawn to repetition. It surrounds us, not just in modern American pop music, Margulis says, but everywhere. “Musical repetitiveness isnt really an individual feature of music thats arisen over the past few hundred years in the West， ” she says. “It seems to be a cultural universal. N
5、ot only does every known human culture make music, but also, every known human culture makes music in which repetition is a defining (典型的) element.”Why? One part of the answer is whats known as the mere exposure effect.Psychologists have found that people tend to start off wary (谨慎的) of or even unfr
6、iendly to new things, which makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. But then the act of mere exposure changes our feelings. We typically feel more warmly toward things we encounter again and again.So mere exposure is one of the reasons we respond so well to repetition both of music and in musi
7、c but Margulis clearly doesnt think its the whole story. She says repetition also allows us to shift (转移) our attention around, from the surface aspects of the music to other aspects. So basically, part of what the repetition in music allows us to do is leave ourselves. In some small way, it allows
8、us to shift and adjust our reality. And reality can often use some adjusting.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为什么我们在听音乐的时候，会发现音乐总是重复及重复的作用等。1Why did Margulis change Berios music?ATo find the role of repetition.BTo show her talent in music.CTo make his music more famous.DTo test a computer editing program.解析：选 A 细
9、节理解题。根据第二段的 “if she could make people like Berios music more by making it more repetitive”和第三段的“shed become obsessed with understanding why repetition is so compelling (引人入胜的)”可知，她这样做的原因就是想了解音乐重复的作用。2If we hear new music again and again, we _.Acant deal with its sound betterBtend to be cautious of i
10、t very muchCmay expect something from it consciouslyDwont know when we have heard it解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “But then the .again and again.”可知，如果我们反复听新的音乐，我们或许会有意识地从中期望一些东西。3From the last paragraph, we can infer the repetition makes us _.Aexperience the content of the songsBrespond to the whole music
11、betterCremember the words of songs clearlyDshift our experience of reality around us解析：选 D 细节理解题。结合最后一段的 “She says repetition .adjust our reality.”可知，音乐中的重复会使我们从事情的表面看到其他的方面，以及暂时的逃离现实等。4What might be the most suitable title for the passage?ATo play music again and againBTo be exposed to music fullyC
12、To enjoy the beauty of musicDTo find the secret to musical effects解析：选 A 标题归纳题。本文主要解释了为什么音乐中会有不断地重复，以及这种音乐的重复起着什么作用等情况，因此 A 项符合主题。BOne of the most significant parts of my high school career would be playing in the orchestra. I remember when I first started playing the viola (中提琴) in my schools progr
13、am as an inexperienced fourth grader. As my interest in music grew, I decided to find a private instructor.During my first lesson, I was surprised at what Dr. T was teaching how to hold the viola and play open strings! To me, these were basic concepts I had long ago mastered. However, the following
14、week, what I thought I had learned was completely disproven. With such high expectations, Dr. T criticized many aspects of my posture, intonation and bowing (音准和弓法). But as I became more familiar with my viola, Dr. T started assigning me actual compositions. Meanwhile, I became more and more interes
15、ted in our schools ensemble (合奏组)I first decided to become a section leader in middle school, when we were given the opportunity to try out for our ensembles first and second chairs. During the first class, our conductor, Mrs. V, introduced us to a section leaders responsibilities. These duties incl
16、uded helping others with the concert music and setting a good example. After discussion, I decided to try out and started preparing the assigned piece. Every day, I would practice for at least 45 minutes. Needless to say, this was easier said than done. It required a lot of concentration and will po
17、wer. Regardless, by the end of the week, I had become more familiar with the music.To my surprise, the audition (试听) process was more pleasant than I had imagined. As I unpacked my viola, I started to doubt my decision. However, when I entered Mrs. Vs homely office, I felt more relaxed. By the end o
18、f my audition, Mrs. V said that I had a good chance of becoming the principal violist! The next day, during orchestra, I learned that indeed, I had become our sections first chair.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己的音乐之路。5Before the author studied under Dr. T, she _.Ahad never played the violaBhad expressed inter
19、est in musicChad written some compositionsDhad been a promising young artist解析：选 B 细节理解题。由第一段的 “As my interest in music grew, I decided to find a private instructor.”可知，在师从 Dr. T 之前，作者就已经对音乐产生了浓厚的兴趣。6The underlined word “disproven” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_”Alazy BwrongCfoolish Dsurprised
20、解析：选 B 词义猜测题。由第二段的 “these were basic concepts I had long ago mastered”和“Dr. T criticized many aspects of .”可知，Dr. T 批评并纠正了作者以前学过的关于如何拉中提琴的知识，这让她意识到以前学的完全是错误的。7Which of the following can best describe the author?AUnusual and scholarly.BSelfcentered and proud.CIndependent and optimistic.DHardworking a
21、nd determined.解析：选 D 推理判断题。由第三段的 “Every day, I would practice for at least 45 minutes . It required a lot of concentration and will power.”可知，为了成为学校合奏组的首席中提琴手，作者以坚强的意志刻苦练习。8When attending the audition, the author _.Afelt confident of succeedingBreceived some careers guidanceCleft a good impression o
22、n Mrs. VDremembered her first viola instructor解析：选 C 推理判断题。由最后一段的 “By the end of my audition, Mrs. V said that I had a good chance of becoming the principal violist！”可知，试听过程中作者给 Mrs. V 留下了好印象。CWho could have imagined that a treadmill (跑步机) on wheels would one day become a thing? Lopifit is an unusua
23、l means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question, “How can I use a treadmill outdoors？” He eventually came up with a design, to which he added an electric engine,
24、and Lopifit was born. The treadmill bicycle is similar to a typical electric bicycle in that the motor (发动机) only works when the rider puts power in as well. The Lopifit senses it when you walk on the treadmill and uses the motor to turn a drive chain at the back part of the treadmill, helping you r
25、each a top speed of 17 miles per hour.To use the Lopifit, simply turn on the battery and use your feet to slide the treadmill backwards and activate (激活) the motor. Then get on and enjoy the ride! If you need speed, just walk on the treadmill, and if you want to coast, all you have to do is stay sti
26、ll and admire the view. To stop, you have two hand brakes available.The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and, unsurprisingly, became an instant hit. That was actually quite challenging for the company, because it started getting calls for orders, but it was nowhere near ready for mass productio
27、n (大规模生产). The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year, and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand, despite the high price tag of D|S2,115.But despite having a very loyal fanbase of socalled Lopifitters, the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider th
28、e invention stupid and unnecessary. They basically believe that if youre going to walk, you might as well do it the oldfashioned way. But the Lopifit does have the unique advantage of helping you “walk” really fast without breaking a sweat, or walking at cycling speed, if you will.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。跑步机也
29、能成为一种交通工具。多亏了 Lopifit 的创始人 Bruin Bergmeester 的创意， “走路自行车”Lopifit 火遍全球。9With the help of Lopifit, you can _.Aanswer some hard questionsBoffer power to any bicycle Ccreate a treadmill on wheelsDcycle to work by walking解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，通过在Lopifit 上行走，带动发动机，启动车子，从而实现通过步行骑车去上班。10From the
30、second paragraph, we can learn _.Ahow Lopifit was bornBwhere Lopifit can be usedCwho Lopifit was intended for Dwhich design is suitable for Lopifit解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “it all started when he asked himself the question， How can I use a treadmill outdoors？ ”可以了解到 Lopifit 是如何诞生的。11What can be learned f
31、rom the fourth paragraph?AThe supply of Lopifit failed to meet the demand.BIt was hard for the company to design Lopifit.CLopifit was cheap and available in 2014.DLopifit always broke down on the streets.解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “That was actually quite challenging . nowhere near ready for mass productio
32、n (大规模生产) ”可知，2014 年 Lopifit 首次出现在街上便火速蹿红，这对 Lopifit 公司来说是一个很大的考验，因其还远没有做好大规模生产的准备，就开始收到订购需求，所以有点供不应求。12How do the public react to Lopifit?APositively. BVariously.CAngrily. DCautiously.解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “But despite having a very loyal . consider the invention stupid and unnecessary.”可知，除了一批被称为 Lo
33、pifitter 的死忠粉外，也有人不看好这款颇具创意的交通工具，他们觉得这样的创意愚蠢而多此一举，故人们对 Lopifit 的反应不同。.阅读七选五It is common to experience culture shock when living in a foreign country for a period of time. Here are some ways to overcome culture shock in a foreign country.Keep an open mind. _1_ Withholding (保留) judgment will allow you
34、 to be an objective observer and will help understand different things. Also, if you are going to a country which you know nothing about, do a little background information. As you learn about the country where you are going, keeping an open mind is necessary._2_ Do not explain behavior from the vie
35、w of your own society. Behavior is not data. For example, Americans often use the phrase “How are you？” to mean “hello” or “I notice you as I pass you in the hall”. Americans often walk away directly before one has a chance to answer the question. Foreigners may wonder why people walk away before th
36、e question about ones health gets answered. _3_ But an American would not be upset that someone did not respond to this question.Do not take cultural familiarity or knowledge at facevalue (表面意义). Even as you become familiar with customs in your new environment, be careful not to base an explanation
37、on what you now believe you know. _4_ It takes a long time to really understand a culture in its social and historical context._5_ Dont be too hard on yourself if you dont know what to do in a social situation. Laugh at yourself and others will laugh with you. Most individuals will admire your effor
38、t to understand them, even in funny ways.AHave a sense of humor.BKeep in touch with your friends.CThey may think the behavior to be rude.DThis helps you better understand a stranger.EDo not think anything that is different to be wrong.FLearn about the social behavior of a new environment.GA little knowledge can give you the wrong understanding.答案：15 EFCGA
