1、手牵手,一起走,手牵手,一起走,中考英语专题五阅读理解二,1、选择型阅读理解,2、判断型阅读理解,3、根据短文内容完成短文型,4、根据短文完成句子型阅读理解,5、任务型阅读理解,阅读理解题型,主要考查类型,主旨大意题,细节理解题,猜测词义题,推理判断题,一、先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的矢。,阅读理解四步曲,二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌（把握文章的大体含义及主题，捕捉文章的主要事实和细节）,如果文章是记叙文，我们可用“五W一H”法来阅读：即Who(人物) ，When(时间)，Where(地点)， What (事件)，Why(原因)，How(经过).抓住了五个“
2、W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。,三、认真推敲，逐题作答 快速看完文章后，对其内容已有了大致了解，然后再次看后面的问题，认真解答：首先看此题属于和种类型题目，若是细节理解则一般较容易选择答案。若是推理判断等较难题型，则应迅速再读文章，并仔细分析，将近似答案对照原文进行比较、推敲，选出最佳答案。常用的解题方法有如下种：, 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。, 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确案。 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意
3、与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。,四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。,题型特点,此类题一般在短文后设置五道题，每题分别设置三个选项，要求学生依短文内容，选择最佳答案。,经典例题,Why is our world becomi
4、ng much smaller? A. Because there are people B. Because of science development. C. Because the earth is being polluted (2) What was life like thousands of years ago? A. It was harder than it is today . B. It was as easy as it is today. C. It was easier than it is today.(3) There are kinds of polluti
5、on. What does the word ”it” underline(下划线的) in Paragraph(段落) One refer to(指)?. B. Air pollution C. Water pollution(4) Why is air pollution the most serious kind of pollution？ A . It makes mush noise B. It has made our rivers and lakes dirty C. Its bad to all living things in the world(5) Which of th
6、e following is TRUE according to the passage？ A. All countries are making rules to fight pollution B. The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the worlds population does C. The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are so many people,A . Noise pollution,(解析）,本文主要讲述了高科技产品改变了人们生活的同时，
7、也带来了更多的污染。（1）B由句子“The word is becoming smaller by using modem traffic, TV, telephone and so on.”可知“世界变小的原因是科学的发展”。（2）A由“life today is easier than it was hundreds of years ago” 可知A项是正确的。 （3）A此处it前的谓语动词是hear,能够听到的污染应是噪音污染。故选A。(4)C文中有 “Air pollution is still the most serious .Its bad to all living thin
8、gs in the world” 可知答案。（5）B由文中第二段第一句可得出选项B。,阅读练习,Just a Quick Nap Do you feel a little sleep after lunch? Well ,thats normal.Your body naturally slows down then.What should you do about it ? Dont reach for a coffee ! Instead,take a nap Its good to have a daily nap.First of all,you are more efficient(
9、有效的）after napping,You remember things better and make fewer mistakes.Also,you can learn things more easily .Affer.taking a nap . A nap may increase your self-confidence(自信的） and make you more active,It may even cheer you up. But there are some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap.First
10、,take nap in the mindle of the day ,about eight hours after you wake up.Next,a 20-minute nap is best.If you sleep longer,you may fall into a deep sleep.After waking from a deep sleep, you will feel worse.Also，you should set an alarm clock ,That way,you can fully relax during your nap,You wont have t
11、o keep lookingat the clock so you dont oversleep. Now,the next time you feel sleepy after lunch,dont stressed. Put your head down,close your eyes, and catch forty winks.,（ ） 1、It is to get sleepy for you at noon. A. normal B. strange C. amazing,（ ）2、Ater taking a nap, you may feel more . A. stressed
12、 B. confident C. sleepy,（ ）3、The proper period（一段时间）of time for taking a nap is? A. as long as you like B. eight hours C. about twenty minutes,（ ）4、What can help you have a fully relaxing nap according to the passage? A. A cup of coffee B.A quick meal C. An alarm clock,（ ）5、What is the text mainly a
13、bout? A. Why and how to take a nap. B. Rulers to increase your self-confidence. C. How to make your body slow down.,A,B,C,C,A,在平时练习时，养成从你所阅读的材料中归纳总结文章出现的词语搭配、惯用语、句型及反复出现的生词，培养语感。,养成从你所阅读的或其他相关资料中了解英语国家的风俗习惯、风土人情，了解地道英语语言表达习惯，以防止用中国人的思维来理解文章，错解考题。,建 议,See you next time,主旨大意题,此类题考查学生在通读文章的情况下理解文章的中心思想
14、、基本观点、文章的主题和大意等。特别注意文章的首句、尾句和首段。文章的首句和首段往往是文章的中心，是作者要说明的对象或作者要阐述的观点，尾句是文章的结论或表达作者的意图、态度、目的。注意到这一点，才能抓住中心，为理解文章奠定良好的基础。,细节理解题,此类题主要是考查学生把握文章中一些重要事实的能力。命题主要是从文章中直接引用原词原句，或稍作改动，或将几处分散的细节进行整合后设置题目。解答这类题的最好办法就是在文中找出相关细节，仔细阅读。,推理判断题,此类题要求学生能根据材料中提供的具体事实，经过思考分析，判断推理出材料中没有具体加以阐述的概念或结论。常见的形式有：根据表层含义推出深层含义；根据
15、已知数据推出未知数据；根据情节的发展推出结局或下一情节；根据文章的预语气推出作者的观点或意图等。,猜测词义题,此类题一般要求学生结合上下文猜测词义或理解句子。,题型特点,此类题一般是在短文后设置五道题，每题通常是一个句子，要求学生根据短文内容来判断这些句子是与短文相符。,Sally was fourteen. She studied in a middle school. She liked dancing and singing and spent a lot of time on them. But she hated maths and even decided to give it u
16、p. Her father was anxious about it . It was Sunday. Sallys father gave a call to his sister who taught maths in another school. He hoped she would come and tell his daughter how to learn maths. The woman came and said, “You are a clever girl, Sally.Im sure you will soon learn maths well if you do yo
17、ur best.” “Im afraid I cant, Aunt, ”said Sally. “ Girls cant be good at maths. ” “ I dont think so , ”said the woman . “ I was good at it when I was a girl. You must do more exercises and try different ways to practise doing maths problems until you work them out or at least understand them better.
18、Here is a maths problem. Please think it over and see if you can work it out. ” “ Ok ” said the girl. “Let me try . ” About an hour later. Sally took the exercise book to her aunt and said “I ve tried several times and worked out the problem at last! ” “Well done! ”Her aunt looked at her answer and
19、said happily, “Now you see,maths is not as difficult as you thought. ”,经典例题,根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F).( ) 1、Sally tried her best to learn maths but could not learn it well.( ) 2、Sally spent much more time in singing and dancing than in learning maths.( ) 3、Her aunt didnt think than girls could be good at mat
20、hs.( ) 4、The father asked his sister to teach his daughter how to learn maths.( ) 5、Sally worked out the problem at last.,F,T,T,T,F,题型特点,此类题一般是在短文后设置一篇依照原文改编而来的短文，设五至十个空。要求学生根据短文内容在没空上填写一个适当的单词，使两篇短文意思相符。,Most American business are open five days a week. American school children go to school five da
21、ys a week, too. American families usually have a two-day weekend.The weekend is Saturday and Sunday. Over the weekend ,people spend their time in many ways. Many families enjoy weekend together. They may go shopping, go for a drive ,or visit friends . They may also invite friends over and have a par
22、ty at home.Many families take part in sports during the weekend. Running, hiking, playing volleyball and swimming are popular in summer. Skiing and skating are the favorite winter sports.Weekends are also a time for American families to work on something in their yards or in their houses. Many famil
23、ies plant flowers and have vegetable gardens. Some families spend the weekends in painting or repairing their houses. For most Americans, weekends are very busy.,经典例题,Most Americans five days a week and they have a two-day .The people of many families spend their time in . They go out to see their f
24、riends or friends to come to have a party at home. Over the weekend, many people are interested in ,some of them like to go in summer and in winter. Some families are often with their flowers and in their gardens. The others are busy or repairing their houses at the weekends,根据上文，完成下面的短文。,work,weeke
25、nd,ways,invite,sports,swimminghiking,skatingskiing,busy,vegetables,painting,题型特点,此类题一般是在短文后设置五道考查题，每小题设空一个或两个，要求学生根据短文内容填写适当的词语或短语，使句子的意思与文章内容相符。,例：阅读下面语言材料，完成“游客须知”中的相关内容。（06山西中考）,Welcome to England! The weather of England is very changeable. It can be rainy ,sunny ,cloudy, windy, warm, foggy or co
26、ld at any time of year. If its raining when you get up in the morning, it can be hot and dry by the afternoon.The west of England is wetter than the east, and the north is cooler than the south. Just be ready for any kind of weather! In England, shops are usually open from 9:00 in the morning to 5:3
27、0 in the afternoon. On Sundays some shops are open from 10:00 to 4:00. But a lot of shops are closed. Banks, museums or other places are open from 10:00 to 5:00.You can go to the parks at any time. All the cities have buses, trains and taxis. People wait in line for buses and they are unhappy if you
28、 push in at the front.Dont forget this,traffic goes on the left. Be careful!,weather,9:00 to 5:30,parks,wait in line dont cut in line,not,right,题型特点,此类题一般是在短文后设置五个问题，要求学生根据短文内容用英语来作答。它是结合学生学习英语的实际，所设置的一中新题型；该题型从实践和运用英语等方面，设置多种多样的答题要求，强调学生综合运用英语的能力，综合考查学生分析、推理、运用等多方面的解题能力。,I started my school life at
29、 the age of six. At first the school for me, a boy, meant play, play and more play instead of sitting in the classroom and learning something. However, I changed the way I used to behave at school with the help of my teachers. I tried my best to do well in my schoolwork and follow the school rules.
30、Growing and learning were great fun .Every year we had different kinds of school trips. Not only could we learn many things from them, but also we were given many projects（课题） as homework. It helped us know more. At the same time, we made many good friends. In Grade8 , I won prizes in drawing and En
31、glish speech competitions. When I was in Grade 9, I realized that I should give all my attention to my studies because I was going to take the exams to get into senior(高级的)middle school.,例：,Whenever I think of my school life, I feel very happy and I think in everybodys school life there are many ups
32、 and downs(苦乐；盛衰) that influence his life. School is a place where all of us learn to care and share. “School” is not just a place, but a large building made up of rules, knowledge and love. I think in everybodys success, school plays a key role. I can describe my school in “Three Ss”. They are :Sma
33、ll, Sweet and Simple. My school was the best ,is the best and will always be the best.,根据短文内容，回答问题,When did the writer start to go to school ?(2)Who helped him change the way he used to behave at school ?(3)Does he think the school trips were useful ?(4)Why did he give all his attention to his studi
34、es in Grade 9 ?(5)He describes his school in “Three Ss”. What are they ?,解析1 问题是“作者什么时候开始上学的？”由第一句I studied my school life at the age of six.可知：“他是六岁 开始上学的”,(1) At the age of six (2) When he was six( years old) (3) He started to go to school at the age of six.,所以我们可以这么回答,解析2 问题是“谁能帮他改变了他以前在校的的表现行为？”
35、由第一段第三句 However, I changed the way I used to behave at the school with help of my teachers.,(1) HisThe teachers did . (2) His The teachers helped him changed the way he used to behave at school.,可知答案:,解析3 问题是“他认为他的校园经历有用吗？”由第二段第 三、四句可知答案时候肯定的。,（1）Yes (2) Yes, he does . (3) Yes ,he think so .,所以我们可以这
36、样回答：,解析4 问题是“为什么他在九年级时全身心扑在学习上？” 由第二段最后一句可知他为了上高中的考试而全身心 扑在学习上了。只要表达出“考试，上高中”等原因即可,(1) Because he was workingstudyingpreparing for the exams (2) Because there were big exams . (3) Because he was going to take the exams to get into the senior middle school . (4) Because of the exams. (5) Because the
37、exams were coming .,所以我们可以这样回答：,解析5 问题是“他描述他的学校的三个S,分别是什么？”由最 后一段可知答案。,(1) (They are:) Small, Sweet and Simple. (2) Small, sweet and simple. (3) They are small, sweet and simple.,所以我们可以这样回答：,阅读练习,Friends are very important in peoples lives. No one can live alone in the world without friends. I think
38、 its easy to make friends with other people and build a friendship between each other. However, it is not easy to get true friendship, I think. So what is true friendship ? In my opinion, true friendship includes(包括）： First of all, true friendship must treat their friends loyally（忠诚的） and help each
39、other. In other words, you must not take advantage of（利用） your friends, and you mustnt cheat(欺骗)them . For example, some unfriendly people make friends in order to cheat money and feelings, or get a certain secret and so on. I dont think these are true friendship. Second, true friends must try their
40、 best to help each other. For example, if a friend is indeed in need of money to escape from some trouble, true friends might lend it and help him or her. Third, friends must share their happiness and sadness. One of the greatest men once said, “If you tell your happiness to your friend, you will ge
41、t double happiness. If you tell your sadness to your friend, you will get half.”,根据短文内容，回答下列问题。,Are friends very important in peoples lives?2. Is it easy or difficult to get true friendship?3. Why do some unfriendly people make friends?4. What should true friends if a friends is indeed in need of mo
42、ney?5. What is true friendship?,YesYes, they are.,Difficult .It is difficult. Its difficult to get to true friendship.,To cheat money and feeling, or get a certain secret and so on. They make friends in order to cheat money and feeling, or get a certain secret and so or.,True friends should lend it
43、and help him or her.,First, true friendship must treat their friends loyally and help each other.,Second, true friends must try their best to help each other.,Third, friends must share their happiness and sadness as well.,Thank you for Listening!,1、能理解所给的语言材料 ，完成文章后所给的任 务。 2、掌握一定的背景知识，各种常识，科普知识， 并具备
44、归纳及分析的能力，灵活运用所学的语 言知识。 3、具有逻辑思维能力及对文章的整体理解能力。 4、具有组织语言，提取信息的能力。,任务型阅读理解是近几年出现的一种新题型，它区别与普通的阅读理解题，且顺应新课标的要求，注重语言学习的互动，注重对语言的运用及对语言的感悟能力的考查。,中考考点解读,将短文中划线内容译成汉语,a.英汉互译题,b.内容摘要题,常见的考查题型,浏览所给题目，明确任务需求。仔细阅读文章，抓住要点，提取相关信息。立足整体，找主题句、中心句，查找相关信息。 认真做题，答案到位。,c.信息配对题,d.回答问题题,应试策略,将汉语译成英语,给短文拟一个标题,Many Children
45、 use the Internet to get useful knowledge and information, and to relax in their free time. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet. For example, when you can go online, for how long and what activities you can do online. Dont give your password to anyone else, and
46、 never give out the following information: your real name, home address, age, school, phone number or other personal information. Check with your parents before giving out a credit card number. Never send a photo of yourself to someone in e-mail unless your parents say its OK. Different chat rooms h
47、ave different rules and attract different kinds of people. You and your parents will want to make sure its right place for you. Never agree to meet anyone you meet on the Internet without your parents permission. Always remember that people online may not be who they say they are. Treat everyone online as if they were strangers. If something you see or read online makes you uncomfortable, leave the site. Tell a parent or teacher right away. Remember- not everything you read on the Internet is true.,
