1、Roman Culture,By Jerry,How much do you know about Rome?,Roman EmpireRoman LegionsRome was not built in a day.All roads lead to Rome.,Part One: Romans and Greeks,“Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive.” by HoraceGreatness to Romans, Glory to Greeks.,Common points Between Greeks and Romans,Po
2、litical systemLatin and Greek: Indo-European language family.Mythological figures,Mythology,Jupiter-ZeusJuno-HeraMars-Ares the god of warMinerva-Athena the goddess of wisdomVenus-Aphrodite the goddess of love and beautyMithras-Appolo the sun god,Zeus,Aphrodite,Differences between Romans and Greeks,1
3、. The Roman Empire2. The Greeks didnt,Question for Discussion（3 Minutes）,Why Greeks didnt built up an empire even if they had a chance?1. polis vs cosmopolitanism2. self-interest vs duty3. chaos vs order4. Practicality vs speculation,Part Two: Roman History,Founding of RomeThree eras of RomeThe decl
4、ining of Roman Empire,Founding of Rome,1. AeneasThe hero in Virgils epic: AeneidThe founder of Roman culture in Italy2. Numitor and Amulius : Aeneas offspringNumitors daughter Silvia: mother of Romulus & RemusAmulius tried to kill themTwo brothers were brought up by She-wolfRomulus killed Remus,Thre
5、e Eras of Rome,1. Roman Kingdom (753-510BC)Roman was ruled by seven kingsPolitical constitution:The powers were shared by the King, the Senate and a thirty member bodyA: the king: non hereditaryB: the state laws had to be approved by the citizens.,2. Roman republic (509-27BC)In 509 the last king was
6、 expelled and a republic was set up.A: MagistratesB: The Senate A body of the most important men in politics, advice the magistratesC: Assembly: Elect Magistrates and have complete power.D: relation between Patron and ;plebeians Protector and client,Nature of the Roman republic,The structure of the
7、Roman government and the influence of the patron/client relationship meant that the Roman Republic was dominated by the wealthy and that the theoretically democratic element was very restricted. The Roman republic was not a democracy but an elective oligarchy of the wealthy (basically means landowne
8、rs),3. The Era of Roman Empire,In 44BC, Julius Caesar assassinated one month after his claim of dictatorship;A new triumvirate: Antony, Lepidus, Octavian; Octavian won at last and was given the title of Augustus (27BC)This is the beginning of Roman Empire, where the power was centralized in one pers
9、on, the Emperor.,Declining of Rome,The empire began to decline in the 3rd century;It was unable to counter the huge Germanic invasions, and it gradually lost control of territory;In 395 the Empire was divided into East (the Byzantine empire) and West.In 476 the last emperor in the West was deposed b
10、y the Goths.In 1453 Constantinople was captured by the Turks.,Two Terms Explanation,1. Pax Romana 2. Roman Law,Pax Romana (the Roman peace)29BC-180,A long period within the Roman Empire. Rome endured neither major civil wars, nor serious invasions.,Roman Law,a. Roman law is another important contrib
11、ution made by the Romans to European culture. b. in the earliest age, only some patricians knew the customary legal procedure, until the middle of the third century B.C., the rules were put into writing, which marked a victory for the plebeians. In other words, Roman law protected the common people.
12、 c. It continued to develop and gradually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many western countries,Part Three: Latin LiteratureThree Giants to Remember,Julius Caesar (102/100?44 B.C.),I came, I saw, I conquered.The die is cast.,Key words about Caesar,A great generalWorks: Comment
13、ariesInfluence on the development of European prose He used language with economy and ferocity,Marcus Tullius Cicero 西塞罗,(10643 B.C.),The Good of the people is the chief law.,Key words about Cicero,1. Roman senator2. Orator3. Prose writer4. Influential on the development of European prose. Francis B
14、acon,Virgil (7019 B.C.) 维吉尔,Key words on Virgil,Symbol of wisdomDanteHe was the greatest one of Roman poetsHis epic: Aeneidthis poem tells of the wanderings of Aeneas after the sack of Troy.,Part Four: Architecture, Painting and Sculpture,a. Architecture The Pantheon 1）It is the first vast interior
15、space in the world.世界上第一所最大的室内场所2) It is the greatest and the best preserved temple 3) It was built in 27 B.C. and reconstructed in the 2nd century A.D.4) It was a round, domed form and has the worlds first vast interior space, Pont du Gard沟渠,It is an exceptionally wellpreserved aqueduct that spans
16、a wide valley in southern France, The Colosseum斗兽场,1) It is an enormous amphitheatre（露天环形影剧院）2) It is built in the centre of Rome in imperial time 3) It can hold more than 5000 spectators,b. Painting,1) Roman painting was strongly influenced by the art of Greece2) Unfortunately, much of the painting
17、 no longer exists3) Some wall-painting are found in Pompeii and other towns near Naples, including the Lady Musician and Young Girl (1st century B.C.), the Maiden Gathering Flowers (1st century A.D.) and the Landscape (1st century A.D.),c. Sculpture,1) The Romans developed the images of wax to show
18、their respect to the deceased and powerful2) Their sculptures glorified the rule of the emperors as well as recorded the events of the Roman Empire,The famous sculptures, Constantine the Great Made in the early fourth century A.D., an enormous head of the first Christian emperor Spoils from the Temple in Jerusalem (81A.D.) They are records of triumphant procession celebrating the Roman conquest of Judaea in A.D. 70 She-Wolf (母狼）this is a stature which illustrates the legend of creation of Rome,
