1、英语选词填空题（12 选 10）答题指导特点 它是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空格（障碍物） ，造成信息链（语义）的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项作出合理的分析、判断，选出最佳答案，将空格处缺失的信息补充完整，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，逻辑严密，文意通畅。 命题基本要求一、材料选取主要选取反映学生学习、生活、心理体会的文章；其次，以社会热点、名人事迹为辅、风土人情；再次，选取一般故事性的短文。二、难度控制从短文的词汇数量上来看，一篇短文填空的词汇量一般在 180230 个左右。从考查的词汇而言，主要是大纲要求的四会词语（即重点词汇） ，不要求
2、掌握的词汇、一般词汇，通常不作为考查的对象。三、考点的设置短文填空的考点设置，主要以名词、动词、形容词副词、介词、连词为主要考查对象在短文的布局上遵循首句、末句不设空，不逐句设空的原则，每段设置 23 个空；在设空的同时，注意前后暗示和上下文相互暗示的原则。答题指导做短文填空试题，考生需要具备正确拼写所学单词的能力，具有一定的语法基础知识，掌握一定的阅读方法，这样做起题才得心应手。下面介绍一些方法供大家在答题时运用。一、观察观察方框中所给的词汇，和所给考题的材料取向。二、归类对方框中所给的词汇进行词性分类。熟悉英语常见实词变化形式和常见语法要点，尤其弄清楚它们在句中分别充当何种句子成分。 三、
3、发散对各词进行发散性思维，构建“知识树” ，初步了解词义。1.掌握词类转换的基本知识和词形变化规则，尤其是不规则变化例如：carecarefulcarefully；childchildrenchildrens； farfartherfarthest。 2.词汇的掌握要做到音、形、义相结合，即：词义清晰、拼写准确、灵活运用例如：看到所给的词是名词，则马上要想到其单复数、名词所有格等问题。四、通读跳过空格，通读全文，了解大意。从整体入手了解内容大意，尤其关注文章首尾句，以便迅速抓住文章主旨，猜测作者的意图、观点；在明确了主要信息之后，结合细节进行分析、推理、归纳，把握住文章的中心；从而确定用什么样
4、的词汇来补充缺失的信息最佳。五、关键做好句法分析，找出空前空后的关键词。通过句法分析弄清要填的词在句中充当的成分，是主语、谓语还是宾语等。如果是充当主语、宾语或表语，则大多需填名词或代词。如果是作谓语的则应填动词。定语的多为形容词，状语的多为副词等等。（即：根据句意，确定词性；根据结构，确定词形。 ）六、检查带入原文，复读检查。短文填词答题技巧口诀空前空后要注意，“名词”单、复数要牢记，还有s 不能弃。“动词”注意要变形，“皇帝” 、 “大臣”要分清。“形、副”注意要用三级，副词用法要谨记.。要用“ 数词”请留意，千万别忘“基” 和“序”。填入“ 代词”需慎重，五格变化记心中。选词填空词性判断
5、法all any behave difference drink eat enjoy fine other real surprise theseOnce there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students 1_ was that all the cups on the table were 2 . Each of them took a cup and started 3 their own tea, looking at the 4 cups.The teacher said; “Do
6、you notice your 5 ? You are all looking at each others tea cups and 6 of you even envy (羡慕) the 7 cups of others.“ Then he went on: “I put the different cups here on purpose! Life is like 8 tea. You all have the same thing in your cups tea. And yet you cant 9 enjoy it in your envy of anothers cup. Y
7、ou forget 10 your own life when you envy someone elses life. So now, taste your own tea! Does it matter from which cup it comes from?“分析：第一空可能是动词或 adj.。 （make sb do sth.和 make+O+OC）但是选项中仅有的五个动词behave， drink， eat，enjoy，surprise 填进去意义都不通顺，考虑形容词的话，很容易就能一次性确定为 surprised.第二空应为 adj.或者过去分词。 （be +adj 或 be d
8、one）;而动词意义上均说不通，只能是形容词。不能确定。第三空应为 doing 形式。 （start doing sth.）可以一次性确定为 drinking。第四空应为 adj.。不能确定。第五空应为 n.所有选项中只有 difference 是 n，能变为只有 behave（behavior） 。因此可以一次性确定为 behavior。第六空应为 pron.（该句谓语是动词 envy,谓语之前的_ of you 为主语） ，因此此处可以填all 或 some，但是考虑到前一句用 all，后一句用 even(甚至) ，则一次性确定为 some。第七空应为 adj.。不能确定。第八空应为 ad
9、j.或 doing，构成 like doing sth 结构。 （like：像，是介词 prep） ，adj 可以选fine 和 these，动词可以选 drinking，但是考虑到前面只能用 drinking，则此处确定为 this。其实如果考虑到后面一句 You all have the same thing in your cups tea，此处只能用名词而不能用 drinking tea 这种意义。第九空为 adv.。 （enjoy 是动词，动词前为副词。 ）可以一次性确定为 really。第十空应为动词。 （forget to do sth.）behave，drink，eat，enj
10、oy，surprise 五个动词中只有enjoy 可以接宾语 your own life。因此可以一次性确定为 enjoy。为什么三处填形容词的地方难以确定呢？all， any，difference ，fine，other，real，surprise，these 都可以作为形容词。但是合适的形容词只有 difference，fine，other 三个，无疑这三个都要被分别填进去，我们要做的就是如何安排这三个形容词。从 What made the students surprised 来看，令人惊讶的应该是：所有杯子都是不同的。从常理来看，如果所有被子都 fine，不应该令人感到惊讶。所以确定第
11、二空为 different。从第二段 You are all looking at each others tea cups，第四空可以确定为 others。那么剩下的第七空应为 fine 了。12 选 10 的特点是所选单词一般是要变化的，如果不变话，你就要非常小心了。此处，形容词只能变为比较级了，而意义上也很顺畅，所以确定为 finer。课堂练习（A）well , soft, second ,better , may , strongly, afraid, sand , stay up, if, now, house We cant stop an earthquake(地震), but
12、we can do things to make sure they dont destroy(毁坏) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 ._ idea to build houses along lines where 2. _ of the earths plates(板块) join together. Second, if you think there 3. _ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. _. Third, you must make th
13、e houses as 5. _ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. _ .Scientists are 7. _ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山 ) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. _ . The pop
14、ulation in and around San Francisco is 9. _ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. _ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.参考答案1.good 2.two 3. may 4.sand 5.strong 6. stay up 7. afraid 8.houses 9.now 10.if （B）forget, bring, mend, beside, luc
15、k, pick, same, differently, I , every , stop, eachMr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 _ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 _ there.One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 _ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sit
16、ting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 _ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 _ by the man. He said angrily, “Thats 7_ !” Mr. Brown s face turned red and he gave
17、 it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 _ of them, he said, “Youve mended them very well.”In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 _ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six u
18、mbrellas, “Youve had a 10 _ day,” he said.参考答案1.brought 2.mended 3. forgot 4. beside 5.picked 6. stopped 7. mine 8.each 9. same 10. Lucky（C）two, sudden , cold, teach, in surprise, French, hot, beard, photo, office, passport, ChinaMr Hill arrives at London Airport, at the end of a three-week holiday
19、in 1. _. Usually he wears a beard(蓄着胡须). Since it has been 2._ there, he has taken it off (剃掉). But his passport photo shows him with his 3. _. An officer looks at the 4. _for a moment, and says，“Will you excuse me? Please sit down. I shant keep you long.“ With this, he walks away, shows the photo t
20、o a second 5._, and says: “I know that face.“ The second officer looks at the 6. _ and asks where Mr Hill has come from. When he hears that Mr Hill has arrived back from Paris, the 7._ officer smiles and says: “An Englishman with a beard stole a painting in Paris on Friday, And that man looks just t
21、he kind of man.“ 8._ it comes to the first officer who Mr Hill is. He returns to him, and asks: “Did you9. _ at the No.2. High School?“ When Mr Hill answers, 10. _, that he did, the first officer smiles and says: “I thought so. Im Jack Smith. You taught me French. You havent changed a bit.“参考答案1.France 2.hot 3. beard 4. photo 5. office 6. passport 7. second 8. Suddenly 9. teach 10. in surprise
