1、1, Under_ ,the feudal system in England was completely establishedA. King Alfred B. Henry IIC. Edward I D. William the Conqueror答案:【D】【翻译】在威廉的统治下,英国的封建制度彻底建立起来。【课本】P25 Britain under the Norman Kings【解说】在英国漫长的历史当中,1066 年,诺曼征服可谓是重彩的一笔。1066 年十月十四日,黑斯庭战役后,来自法国(诺曼公爵)威廉登陆英格兰称王。King Edward 死后,四人争霸以威廉 Willi
2、am the Conqueror 的胜出而结束。解说:A:King Alfred 阿尔弗雷德大帝公元 9 世纪左右,英格兰地区分布了众多的城邦制小国,而阿尔弗雷德大帝(King Alfred)则是韦塞克斯王国的国王。他曾击败了丹麦人对英格兰的侵略,此后还统一了整个英格兰,因此他是英国历史上一个相当著名的人物。B:HenryII亨利二世,英国国王(1154 1189),金雀花王朝 Plantagenet(安茹王朝)奠基人。1133 年3 月 5 日生于法国的勒芒。母亲玛蒂尔达是英国国王亨利一世的长女,被指定为王位继承人。父亲杰弗里普兰他日奈是法国的安茹伯爵。1150 年,亨利封为诺曼底公爵。次年
3、父死,承袭安茹伯爵爵位和封地。1152 年与埃莉诺结婚,后者原是法国国王路易七世的王后、阿奎丹公爵的女继承人,与亨利结婚前两个月与路易七世离婚。这次联姻使亨利获得波图亚、基恩、加斯科尼等领地。1135 年亨利一世去世后,王位被其外甥斯蒂芬篡夺,于是玛蒂尔达与斯蒂芬之间展开了争夺王权的长期内战。1153 年双方议和,斯蒂芬被迫承认亨利为王位继承人。1154 年斯蒂芬死,同年 12 月 19 日亨利加冕为英国国王,称亨利二世,是为金雀花王朝第一位国王。C。Edward I 爱德华一世(英文:Edward I,1239 年 6 月 17 日1307 年 7 月 7 日) ,英格兰国王,俗称“长脚(L
4、ongshanks) ”、又称“苏格兰人之锤(Hammer of the Scots) ”,因征服威尔士和几乎征服苏格兰而闻名。然而他的死使得他儿子爱德华二世(Edward II)即位,并最终未能征服苏格兰。 “长脚”在位 35 年(1272 年-1307 年) ,于 1272 年 11 月20 日,他的父亲,国王亨利三世(Henry III)去世后即位,他的母亲就是普罗旺斯的埃莉诺(Queen consort Eleanor of Provence) 。按照诺曼人(不是盎格鲁撒克逊人)对君主的称号排序习惯, “长脚”爱德华被称为爱德华一世(Edward I) ,尽管他是英格兰第四位爱德华国王
5、,前三位分别是:爱德华长者王(Edward I the Elder) 、爱德华殉教王( Edward II the Martyr)和爱德华忏悔王(Edward III the Confessor) 。2, The cause of the Hundred Years War was_ .A. territorialB. economicC. partly territorial and partly economicD. partly territorial and partly religious【解说】在 1337 年到 1453 年近百年的时间里,英国和法国之间进行了无数次的交战,由于战
6、争断断续续的进行了百年之久,因此得名“英法百年战争” 。最后法国取得了胜利,英国手中仅占领法国 Calais 加莱港。 “圣女贞德”Joan of Arc 是此次战争中,法国的女英雄。带领法国人民取得了最后的胜利。3, The English Civil War is also called _ .A. the Puritan Revolution B. the Chartist MovementC. the Wars of the Roses D. the Hundred Years War答案:【A】【翻译】英国内战也叫做清教徒革命。【课本】P29 Civil war and restor
7、ation【解说】 英国内战/The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution, because the King (Charles I, 1600-1649)s opponents were mainly Puritan, and his supporters chiefly Episcopalian (主教徒 ) and Catholic(天主教徒). B,the chartist movement 是宪章运动 19 世纪 3050 年代英国发生的争取实现“人民宪章“的工人运动。C 玫瑰战争(又称蔷薇战争;英语: War
8、s of the Roses;1455 年1485 年)是兰开斯特家族(House of Lancaster)和约克家族(House of York)的支持者为了英格兰王位而发生断续的内战。两大家族都是金雀花王朝(Plantagenet)王室的分支,为英王爱德华三世的后裔,战争最后以亨利七世(Henry VII )与约克的伊丽莎白(Elizabeth of York)通婚收场,为了纪念英格兰以玫瑰为国花,并把皇室徽章改为红白玫瑰。D 百年战争(英法战争)英法战争自 11 世纪“诺曼征服”以后,英国通过联姻和继承关系,占有了大量的法国领地,这在同样梦想称霸欧洲的法国看来,简直就是耻辱,一直寻求机
9、会收复这些领地。14 世纪初,英法的矛盾越来越尖锐,已经到了不通过武力无法解决的地步。 1328 年,法王查理四世去世,他没有男嗣,法国贵族会议便推举他的侄子腓力为王,称腓力六世。一心想控制法国的英王爱德华三世凭借自己是法王腓力四世的外孙,向法国发难,声称自己才是法国王位的合法继承人。腓力六世对爱德华三世的嚣张气焰十分气愤,暗下决心寻机报复。1337 年 5 月 24 日,经过一番准备的腓力六世宣布收回英属领地基恩,英国自然无法接受。同年 10 月,爱德华三世不顾法国的反对,自称身兼法王,并率部队进攻法国。于是,法国王位继承争端终于演变为一场旷日持久的战争。 4, Its generally
10、known that the “First book of American” is _ by John Smith.A A True Relation of Virginia B The True Travels of Captain John SmithC Map of the Bay and the Rivers D A Description of New England答案:选 A一般认为,约翰.史密斯 John Smith 是美国文学的第一位作者,他的关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述 (A True Relation of Virginia)则是美国文学的“第一书” ,其实也是整个美国历史的
11、“第一书” 。5, Poor Richards Almanac was written by _ who also wrote _.A Benjamin Franklin Autobiography B Washington Irving Autobiography C Washington Irving History of New York D Benjamin Franklin History of New York答案:选 A穷查理历书 (Poor Richards Almanac)是富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)广受欢迎的第一部作品,他的另一部代表作是自传 (Auto
12、biography) 。History of New York 的作者是华盛顿欧文,这是他的第一部重要作品。1. As a result of the Black Death, _ . A. Much land was left untended ntendid adj. 被忽略了的;未受到照顾的 and there was a shortage of labour B. landowners tended to change from sheep-farming to arable-farming 耕作农业 C. the government did not show much concer
13、n about the labour shortage D. the government took several measures to raise the peasants wages 答案:A 解释 :黑死病的一个影响是,田地无人耕种,劳动力短缺。 黑死病(1348-1349)和农民起义( 1381) Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonicbju:bnik plagueplei, an epidemic ,epidemikdisease spread by rat fleasfli:鼠蚤. It sprea
14、d through Europe in the 14th century, particularly in 1347-1350. It killed between one half and one third of the population of England. 黑死病是指由鼠疫蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫,是一种流行疾病,在 14 世纪传播了到欧洲 The economic consequences of the Black Death were far-reaching. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended an
15、d there was a terrible shortage of labour. 黑死病对经济造成的后果更为深远。鼠疫导致了大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。The surviving peasants had better bargaining power and were in a position to change their serfdom into paid labour. 地主想把耕地变为人力需求较少的牧场。存活的农民处于有利的讨价还价地位,从农奴变为雇佣劳动力。Some landlords, unable or unwilling to pay higher wages,
16、tried to force peasants back into serfdom. 于是一些支付不起或不愿意支付较高工资的地主想方设法迫使农民重返农奴地位。 In 1351 the government issued a Statute of Laborers, which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages or for their employers to pay more than the rates laid down by the Justices of the Peace. 1351 年政府颁布“劳工法令” ,规定
17、农民们涨工资的要求,或者是雇主支付比地方官制订的工资水平要高的工资都是犯罪。2. John Galsworthy was most famous for_.A. Heart of DarknessB. UlyssesC. The Forsyste SagaD. A Passage to India答案: C。解释;1、 John Galsworthy 高尔斯华绥(英国) ,小说家,剧作家。主要作品有 The Forsyte Saga福塞特家史,于 1932 年获得了诺贝尔文学奖 The Nobel Prize in Literature;2、Heart of Darkness,作者 Josep
18、h Conrad 约瑟夫康拉德(波兰籍英国小说家) ,另有Lord Jim 吉姆老爷;3、Ulysses , 作者 James Joyce 詹姆斯乔伊斯, 爱尔兰作家Finnergans Wake为芬尼根守灵 ;4、 A Passage to India,作者 EM Forster 福斯特,英国小说家,另有 Howards End 霍华德庄园3. The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by _.A. Henry JamesB. O. HenryC. Harriet Beccher StowerD. Mark Twain
19、答案: D Page67解释: Mark Twain(1835-1910) Samuel Langhorne Clemens 塞缪尔朗赫恩克列门斯,作品有 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆索亚历险记; Henry James 亨利詹姆斯, 主要作品有 Ambassadors, The Golden Bowl 金碗; OHenry 欧-亨利 William Sydney Porter 威廉西德尼 波特, 主要作品有 Cabbages and Kings 白菜与国王, Four Million 四百万; Harriet Beecher Stower, 其反奴隶制小说
20、Uncle Toms Cabin,促进了废奴运动 Abolition Movement 发展。4. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in _ . A. 1035 B. 1042 C. 1066 D. 1606 答案:【C】解释: 诺曼征服发生在 1066 年。1.Reasons for Williams invasion of England after Edwards death. 威廉在爱德华死后入侵英国的原因。It was said that king Edward had promised the English thro
21、ne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.据说,爱德华
22、国王曾答应把英格兰王位传给诺曼底公爵威廉,但是贤人会议挑选了哈罗德为国王。公元 1066 年 10 月,在哈斯丁斯附近的激烈交锋中,威廉打败了哈罗德军队,同时哈罗德也在此战争中战死。 2.The Norman Conquest and its consequences 诺曼征服及其产生的影响。The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his
23、Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. N
24、orman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.1066 年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件。征服者威廉几乎没收了所有土地,将其分发给他的诺曼追随者。他用强有力的诺曼政府代替了软弱的萨克逊政府。于是,封建制度在英国完全建立。开放了与欧洲大陆的关系,文明和商业得到
25、发展,引进了诺曼法国文化、语言、举止和建筑。教会与罗马的联系更为密切,教会法庭与世俗法庭分离。5.The series of “poems of romantic fancy” are poems written by-A Washington Irving B James Fenimore CooperC Edgar Allan Poe D Philip Freneau答案 D解释 菲力普.福瑞诺(Philip Freneau)(1752-1832)创作的一系列描述美国美丽自然风光的诗歌被称为“浪漫奇想诗” 作品有美丽的圣克鲁斯 (The beauties of Anta Curz) , 印
26、第安人墓地 (The Indian Burying Ground) , 乡间小舍废墟旁有感 (Stanzas Occasioned by the Ruins of a Country Inn)Washington Irving 华盛顿欧文(1783-1859) :Page19 American author, short story writer, essayist, poet, travel book writer, biographer, and columnist. Irving has been called the father of the American short story
27、. He is best known for The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, 睡谷的传说in which the schoolmaster meets with a headless horseman, and Rip Van Winkle,瑞普凡温克尔 about a man who falls asleep for 20 years.James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851):詹姆斯费尼莫尔库柏Was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. He a
28、nonymously nnmsli published his first book, Precaution (1820).第 1 部小说戒备 (The Precaution prik:n)于 1820 年自费出版,很不成功。在妻子鼓励下,他改变方向,写了一部他认为“应当是纯粹美国式的以爱国 patriotism ptritizm为主题的书” ,即间谍 (The Spy) 。小说在 1821 年出版后受到欢迎。 间谍 (The Spy)He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the histo
29、rical novels反映边疆生活的拓荒者(The Pioneers,1823)反映航海生活的舵手(The Pilot,1824)在美国文学史上开创了 3 种不同类型的小说,即革命历史小说间谍 、边疆冒险小说拓荒者和海上冒险小说舵手 。Edgar Allan Poe(18091849) ,page33 埃德加爱伦 坡was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mys
30、tery. Poe is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction. 耶路撒冷的故事 A Tale of Jerusalem deru:slm 耶路撒冷(巴勒斯坦中部城市)失去呼吸 Loss of Breath 幽会 The Assignation ,sineinThe capital of Wales is _?A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Manchester D. London2. _ is called the “Big Apple” and is the largest city in the Unite
31、d States.A. Washington D.C. B. New York City C. San Francisco D. Los Angeles3. “God help those who help themselves” is a citation from the work of_?A. Paine B. Franklin C. Freneau D. Jefferson答案解析A Cardiff (加的夫) 是 Wales 的首府;Edinburgh (爱丁堡)是苏格兰东南部城市,苏格兰首府;Manchester (曼彻斯特)是英格兰西北部城市,为纺织业中心;London 是英格兰
32、的首府,英国首都。B 纽约被称作大苹果,是美国最大的城市,也是金融,制造和运输中心。B “自助者天助”是富兰克林的名句。1.The largest state of the United States is ( )A. Taxas B. Alaska C. California D. Hawaii2.In Canada the head of the state is ( ) A. The Prime Minister B. The Governor-GeneralC. Queen Elizabeth D. the leader of the major party3. Which of th
33、e following is not Shakespeares tragedy? ( )A. The merchant of Venice B. HamletC. King Lear D. Othello4.Heminway once described ( ) the one book, from which “all modern American literature comes”A. Moby Dick B. The sun also risesC. The adventure of Huckleberry FinnD. The Great Gastby5.In the United
34、Kingdom, the party, which win the ( ) number of seats in the house of commons becomes the official opposition.A. largest B. second largestC. third largest D. fourth largest解析:1. Taxas 是美国内陆的最大州;Alaska 是美国从俄国买过来的, 是美国的第一大城市;是美国的第三大城市,人口最多, 制造业最发达。被称为“ 加拿大是英联邦国家,都视英国君主元首伊丽莎白二世为国家元首, 而在加拿大总督( )代表女王,由总理( )推荐。 莎士比亚的悲剧:, ,喜剧有: ; ; 海明威评论说马克吐温的 是美国现代文学的来源。 是 赫尔曼梅尔维尔的作品。 是海明威的作品,此外还有 ; 在英国,获得下议院第二多席位的政党成为反对党,有自己的首领并组成人们长说的“影子内阁“