1、M5 U1 Grammar,动词不定式,Self-study,翻译下列句子，并说明不定式在句子中充当什么成分1.To do that sort of thing is foolish。 ( ) 2.I want to see you this evening ( ) 3.All you have to do is to finish it quickly. ( ) 4.We found a house to live in. ( ) 5.She came here to study English. ( ) 6. I warned the patient not to drink cold w
2、ater after the operation. ( ),主语,表语,宾语,定语,宾语补足语,状语,Group-study,一、不定式做主语,二、不定式作表语,六、不定式作定语,四、不定式作宾语补足语,五、不定式作状语,三、不定式作宾语,附加：用不带to的不定式的情况,一、不定式做主语,1.做主语To find a best friend is difficult.=It is difficult to find a best friend.,(1)It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.(2)It isadj.of sb.to do sth. (3) I
3、t takes sb.some timeto do sth.,2.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有 (it 做形式主语)：,It isadj. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。,eg.It was impossible_ them_( complete ) the task in such a short time.,for,to com
4、plete,用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：eg.It is our duty_(protect ) the earth.,to protect,It is n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.,(2)It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish
5、, clever等。eg. It is foolish_you _ (think )so.,of,to think,(3) It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。 eg. _ took us half an hour _( ride ) to the town by bike.,It,to ride,二、不定式作表语,主语+系动词+不定式，其主语多为抽象名词(wish, aim )eg. My wish is _( be ) a scientist.,to be,三、不定式作宾语,1.常接不定式做宾语的动词：learn; agre
6、e; plan; ask; help; decide; want; fail; manage; expect; hope; wish; promise; offer; refuse; choose; afford；would like1. I want to buy a computer.2. She hopes to find a better job.,2.it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语eg. 1.I find_difficult_(learn ) English well.2.He feels _his duty_( help) the poor.,it,to learn,it,to
7、 help,四、动词不定式作宾语补足语： (v. + sb. + to do ),e.g. She asked me to help her.want; wish; expect; ask; help; tell; get; order; promise; warn; cause; would like; + to do 备注：hope, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。 改错： I hope you to have a happy birthday.,wish,五、作状语,动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如： 1). 目的状语:You need to apol
8、ogize quickly to aviod losing a good friend.2). 原因状语: I am happy to be your English teacher.3).结果状语:主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。 eg: The question is too difficult to answer.,六、作定语,下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语： 由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。Who was the last one _( leave ) the classroom l
9、ast night? She is the best person _ the work.,to leave,to finish,附加：用不带to的不定式的情况：,1.使役动词(let,make，have)2.实义动词help3.感官动词4.在固定结构后5.but前有do后无to,1.使役动词(let, make，have) let sb do sth make sb do sth have sb do sth但是如果let与make用于被动语态，此时要接带to 的不定式eg. The teacher often lets/makes his students read aloud in cl
10、ass. =His students is often let/ made_ _ aloud in class,to read,2.实义动词help可以接不带to的不定式，也可以接带to的不定式I often help my mother_some housework. =I often help my mother_ _some housework.,do,to do,3. 感官动词 see, watch, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等后. 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。e.g. I saw her talk to her n
11、ew friends. =She was seen to talk to her new friends.,3. see, watch, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel/ sb. do. 注意：sb. be seen/noticed to do。,4.在固定结构 had better (not) do , would rather do, why not do, prefer to do rather than do, would rather do than do 后(1)Why not( go ) swimming this a
12、fternoon?,go,5.but翻译为“除了”，如果but前面是动词do，则不定式不加to注意：如果but前面不是动词do，则不定式要加to(1) We had nothing to do but_( watch )TV.(2) I have no choice but_(wait ) here.,watch,to wait,Quiz,单句改错题： 1. Is it necessary of him to return the book immediately?2.I made him to repeat what I had told him. 3.I saw her picked up your book.4. She told me that she had decided not be late again.,for,pick,to,5. My brother came here for study English6. My little brother is so young to dress himself. 7.George helped me to passing the examination.,to,too,pass,
