1、语法专题十三 构词法,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1.(2018全国,语篇填空)Im a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 2.(2018全国,语篇填空)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.,1.scientist 前面有冠词a,所以此处要用单数名词。且根据后面的who可知,填scientist。 2.global 此处修饰名词短语fertiliz
2、er consumption,其前需用形容词修饰,故填global。,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.(2018天津改编)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 4.(2016浙江改编)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.,3.
3、possibility 句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命这种可能性一直激励着科学家们去探索外部太空。根据前面的the可知,所填的词应是名词形式。故填possibility。 4.especially 句意:突然停住可能是很吓人的经历,特别是如果你正在高速行驶的时候。这里用副词修饰句子,强调尤其是在高速行驶时。,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5.(2015江苏改编)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 6.(2015安徽改编)They gave money to th
4、e old peoples home either (personal) or through their companies.,5.adjustments 动词make之后应该接宾语,由于没有冠词,所以空格处应该填写复数形式adjustments。句意:一些学校将不得不做出调整,以适应国家足球改革。 6.personally 分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填副词并与through their companies构成并列状语。句意:他们亲自或通过公司向敬老院捐款。,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,7.(2015福建改编)It was (consider) of Michael to inform u
5、s of his delay in case we got worried. 8.(2015湖北改编)The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.,7.considerate 句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情,以免我们担心。considerate“考虑周详的,体贴的”,本句应用了句型“It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.某人想得很周到,做了”。 8.gradually
6、分析句子结构可知此处需要副词gradually来修饰动词短语“getting active”。句意:这个女孩过去很腼腆,但现在逐渐地积极参加集体活动,也更乐意表达自己了。,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。 1.合成名词,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,2.合成形容词,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-12-,高考感悟,考
7、点归纳,一,三,二,四,3.合成副词,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,4.其他合成词,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,转化法就是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变。,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,派生法就是给一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。 1.前缀,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,2.后缀,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-21-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,-2
8、2-,.单句填空 1.The (success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe. 2.Its not really (surprise) that reading became her vocation.,1.successful 句意:这位成功的渔夫邀请长官来陪伴观察。分析句子结构可知所填词位于名词前做定语,用形容词。 2.surprising 本句中的it指代后面that从句的内容;根据句意用以修饰一件事情,所以使用现在分词转换的形容词surprising “令人惊讶的”做表语。,-23-,3.Its
9、so (comfort) to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt. 4.It was a little far to her car and it was a (fog) day yesterday in Missouri. 5.Before we end this program,lets take a (glance) at the sports news briefly.,3.uncomfortable 根据空后的self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt判断前面
10、应填 “不舒服的”,Its后应用形容词做表语,故填uncomfortable。 4.foggy 此处为形容词做定语,修饰名词day,故用foggy。 5.glance 句意:在结束这个节目之前,让我们简要浏览一下体育新闻。,-24-,6.According to a UN report,one third of the world population have no (access) to clean drinking water and health care. 7.I cant tell you how much the precious painting is worth,but it
11、 is (rough) assessed at $100 million. 8.Getting up at noon is part of his routine.He leads a(n) (regular) life.,6.access 句意:根据联合国的一则报告,世界上三分之一的人喝不到干净的饮用水,得不到好的医疗保健。 7.roughly 句意:我没法告诉你这幅珍贵的画值多少钱,但是它大致可估价1亿美元。roughly“粗略地”。 8.irregular 从前面的Getting up at noon可知,他的生活不规律,因此用regular的反义词irregular。,-25-,9.T
12、he naughty boy entered the classroom (caution), fearing that his teacher would blame him. 10.Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for (promise) young players of great potential for better performances in the coming season.,9.cautiously 句意:这个顽皮的男孩害怕老师会责备他,小心翼翼地走进教室。cautiously“小心翼翼地”,符合句意。 10
13、.promising 句意:为了下个赛季有更好的表现,篮球教练员们抓紧时间去寻找有巨大潜力的年轻球员。promising“有前途的,有希望的”。,-26-,11.When the salesgirl walked into the shop,she sensed something (usual).Can someone have got in? 12.His confidence built up (gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.,11.unusual 句意:当女售货员走进商店的时候,她察觉到了异常的情况
14、,可能有人进来过了吗?这里用usual的反义词unusual,表示“不寻常的”。 12.gradually 句意:随着教学经验的不断增加,他的信心逐渐增强。gradually“逐渐地,渐渐地”,符合句意。,-27-,13.After a long and heated discussion,the final (agree) was arrived at in the end. 14.Although she brushed the old pot (thorough),she could not make it completely clean,which made her very ups
15、et. 15.The river (wide) as it flows.,13.agreement 句意:经过长时间热烈的讨论,终于达成了最后协议。final是形容词,其后要用名词,故用agreement。 14.thoroughly 句意:尽管她把这个旧罐子彻底清洗了,但还是没有把它完全洗干净,这让她很心烦。根据句意可知应用thoroughly,表示“彻底地”,修饰brushed。 15.widens 句意:这条河越流越宽。句子缺少谓语,因此要用动词。wide的动词形式是widen,又因主语是the river,因此用第三人称单数widens。,-28-,.短文改错 (2018湖北省重点高中
16、联考) During the vacation,I quarrelled with my mother and then we begin to overlook each other.Anyway,when that was time for me to go back to school,she went up to me with a box of homemade pancake in her hand.Patting me on shoulder,she said gently,“Take this on case you feel hungry on the train.Sweet
17、heart,youre always my good girl.” Still feeling a bit of angry,I refused her but quietly turned away.Had nothing to do on the train,I couldnt help thinking about the scene of leaving and felt terrible sorry.What I wish I could have said sorry to her sincerely before I left!,-29-,-30-,1.beginbegan 根据
18、上下文可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,故用动词的过去式形式。 2.thatit it is time for sb.to do sth.“某人该做某事了”,是固定句型。 3.pancakepancakes 根据前面的a box of可知,pancake要用复数形式。 4.shoulder前加the pat sb.on the shoulder “拍拍某人的肩膀”,是习惯用法。 5.onin in case意为“万一;以免”,引导条件状语从句。 6.去掉of angry是形容词,直接用a bit修饰。 7.butand 根据句意可知,前后两个动词是并列关系,故把but改为and。 8.HadHaving have和I有逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。 9.terribleterribly 此处修饰形容词sorry,故用副词形式。 10.WhatHow 此处表示方式,故把What改为How。,
