1、李剑考研阅读 http:/ 模糊阅读大法就是好!李剑考研阅读真题全心全译 http:/ 年 英语二 Text 11-Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his edu
2、cational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a students academic grade.2-This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished o
3、r chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of co
4、mplicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.3-District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more th
5、an 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite pos
6、sible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule. 4-At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimporta
7、nt to its students academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students
8、receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers arent assigning more than theyre willing to review and correct. Lijian 5-The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and
9、 conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_.A is receiving more criticism B is no longer an educational ritual C is not required for advanced courses D is gaining more preferences 李剑考研阅读 http:/ 模糊阅读大法就是好
10、!李剑考研阅读真题全心全译 http:/ L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_.Atend to have moderate expectations for their educationBhave asked for a different educational standardCmay have problems finishing their homeworkDhave voiced their complaints about homework23. According
11、to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may_.Adiscourage students from doing homeworkBresult in students indifference to their report cardsCundermine the authority of state testsDrestrict teachers power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homew
12、ork is whether_. A it should be eliminated Bit counts much in schooling C it places extra burdens on teachers Dit is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be_.AWrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyBA Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsCThorny Questions about HomeworkDA F
13、aulty Approach to Homework 英语二 2012 年 Text 21-Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one
14、way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.2-Girls
15、attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a pract
16、ical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colors were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine color, a pastel version of red, which was associated wi
17、th strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, 李剑考研阅读 http:/ 模糊阅读大法就是好!李剑考研阅读真题全心全译 http:/ femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, w
18、hen it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.3-I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological developmen
19、t. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.4-Trade publicat
20、ions counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,
21、into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying “it is.the rainbow“(Line 3, Para. 1)，the author means pink_.Ashould not be the so
22、le representation of girlhood Bshould not be associated with girls innocenceCcannot explain girls lack of imaginationDcannot influence girls lives and interests27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colors？A Colors are encoded in girls DNA B Blue used to be regarded as the c
23、olor for girls C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders D White is preferred by babies 28. The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much influenced by_.Athe marketing of products for childrenBthe observation of childrens natureCresearches int
24、o childrens behaviorDstudies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_.Afocus on infant wear and older kids clothes Battach equal importance to different genders Cclassify consumers into smaller groups Dcreate some common shoppers terms 李剑考研阅读
25、http:/ 模糊阅读大法就是好!李剑考研阅读真题全心全译 http:/ It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be_.A clearly explained by their inborn tendency B fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen Dwell interpreted by psychological experts英语二 2012 年 Text 31-In 2
26、010, a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organiza
27、tion (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle. 2- On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecas
28、t a womans risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. Lijian3-But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over.
29、Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-
30、force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.” Despite the appeals courts decisi
31、on, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.4-As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlike
32、ly to file many more patents for human DNA moleculesmost are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drugs efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connec
33、ting the dots”, explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO. Lijian5-Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shift
34、ing landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.李剑考研阅读 http:/ 模糊阅读大法就是好!李剑考研阅读真题全心全译 http:/ It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like A. their executives to be activeB. judges to rule out gene patenting C. genes to be patentable D. the BIO to issue a warning 32. Tho
35、se who are against gene patents believe that A. genetic tests are not reliable B. only man-made products are patentable C. patents on genes depend much on innovation D. courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents forA. establishing di
36、sease correlationsB. discovering gene interactions C. drawing pictures of genesD. identifying human DNA34. By saying “each meeting was packed” (line 4, Para 6) the author means that A. the Supreme Court was authoritativeB. the BIO was a powerful organizationC. gene patenting was a great concernD. la
37、wyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the authors attitude toward gene patenting is A. critical B. supportive C. scornful D. objective英语二 2012 年 Text 41-The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely chan
38、ge the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years. 2-No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployme
39、nt, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways：they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken 李剑考研阅读 http:/ 模糊阅读大
40、法就是好!李剑考研阅读真题全心全译 http:/ from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. 3-But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Be
41、njamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases
42、, as does conflict between races and classes.4-Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them- especially for young people. The research of Till Von
43、 Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses b
44、eneath them that are left behind. Lijian 5-In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting societys character. In many respects, the U.S.
45、was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, an
46、d all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1, Para. 2)the author suggest that the jobless try to_.A seek subsidies from the government B explore reasons for the unemployment C make profits from the troubled economy D look on the bright side of the recession
47、37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people_.Arealize the national dream Bstruggle against each otherCchallenge their lifestyleDreconsider their lifestyle 38. Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_.Aimpose a heavier burden on immigrants Bbring out more evils of human nature CPromote the advance of rights and freedoms Dease conflicts between races and classes 39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _.李剑考研阅读 http:/ 模糊阅读大法就是好!李剑考研阅读真题全心全译 http:/
