1、ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 2 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 15 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved 2) HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 2 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING InterContinental Hotels Gro
2、up Asia Pacific 16 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved 2.1 AIR CONDITIONING a0a2a1 .18 2.1.1 GENERALa3a5a4 . 18 2.1.1.1 Objectives a6a8a7 18 2.1.1.2 System Type Selectiona9a11a10a13a12a15a14 18 2.1.1.3 Energy Efficiencya16a18a17a15a19a11a20 19 2.1.1.4 Design Criteriaa21a13a22a11a23a11a24 .20 2.1.1.5 H
3、eating & Cooling Loadsa25a27a26a18a28a11a29a11a30a27a31a18a32 21 2.1.1.6 Zoninga33a27a34 .22 2.1.1.7 Acoustic performancea35a18a36a11a37a27a16 23 2.1.1.8 Design Criteria a38a40a39a5a41a43a42 231 2.1.1.9 Ventilation Requirementsa44a46a45a43a4a43a47 26 2.1.2 CHILLED WATER GENERATIONa48a5a49a43a50 . 28
4、 2.1.2.1 Generala51a11a52 28 2.1.2.2 Design Criteriaa21a13a22a11a23a11a24 .28 2.1.2.3 Refrigerantsa30a15a53a13a54 .29 2.1.2.4 Efficiencya19a11a20 29 2.1.2.5 Equipmenta21a11a55 .29 2.1.3 HEATINGa56a58a57 31 2.1.3.1 Generala51a11a52 31 2.1.3.2 Design Criteriaa21a13a22a11a23a11a24 .31 2.1.3.3 Load calc
5、ulationsa31a18a32a11a22a11a59 .32 2.1.3.4 Hot Water Boilersa60a15a61a13a62a15a63 32 2.1.3.5 Steam Boilersa64a13a65a11a62a15a63 .32 2.1.3.6 Steam Pressuresa64a13a65a11a66a15a67 .32 2.1.3.7 Pipework Design Criteriaa68a13a69a15a21a11a22a11a23a11a24 .32 2.1.3.8 Equipmenta21a11a55 .33 2.1.3.9 Efficiencya
6、70a2a71 34 2.1.3.10 Fuel Selectiona72a15a73a11a12a11a74 34 2.1.3.11 Fuel Storagea72a15a73a11a75a11a76 .34 2.1.3.12 Boiler Stacksa62a15a63a78a77a15a69 34 2.1.4 SPECIFICATION AND APPLICATION GUIDEa79a43a80a43a81a43a82a43a83a43a84a43a85a46a41a2a42 . 35 2.1.4.1 General Supply & Extract. Reference is mad
7、e to separate section 2.2 a86a11a87a15a25a15a88a15a28a15a89a15a88a91a90a93a92a15a94a96a95a98a97a99a95a15a10035 2.1.4.2 Fan Coil Unitsa88a11a101a11a102a15a68a13a101a15a103 35 2.1.4.3 Convector Heatinga104a15a105a11a106a13a107a11a60a11a108a11a107a11a60 .36 2.1.4.4 Bathroom Heatinga109a15a110a13a25a27a
8、26 36 2.1.4.5 Thermostatsa111a15a112a11a108 .36 2.1.4.6 Air Supply, Return and Exhaust Systemsa113a15a88a115a114a11a116a117a88a43a118a8a119a11a89a11a88a15a9a15a10 .36 2.1.5 ENVIROMENT & ENERGY CONSERVATIONa120a5a121a2a83a123a122a115a124a43a125a5a126 . 37 2.1.5.1 Benchmarksa127a11a24 .37 2.1.5.2 Fanc
9、oilsa88a11a101a11a102a15a68 37 2.1.5.3 Variable Frequency Drivesa128a11a129a91a130a13a131a11a108 38 2.1.5.4 Building Management Systemsa132a13a133a15a68a11a134a11a9a11a10 .38 2.1.5.5 Heat Recoverya60a11a17a115a116a18a135 .38 2.1.5.6 Alternative Energy Sourcesa136a13a137a138a16a140a139 .40 2.1.5.7 Ch
10、illed Water Storagea30a15a141a11a61a13a75a11a76 40 2.1.5.8 Evaporative Coolinga64a11a142a13a30a15a141 40 2.1.5.9 Economisera143a27a16a18a108 41 2.1.5.10 Commissioninga144a11a145a15a146 41 2.1.5.11 Chillersa30a15a141a13a108 41 2.1.5.12 Cooling Towersa30a15a141a13a147 .41 ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION
11、 2 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 17 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved 2.1.6 COMMISSIONING & TESTINGa148a5a149a43a150a43a83a46a151a40a148 42 2.1.6.1 Generala51a11a52 42 2.1.6.2 Water Distribution Systemsa61a13a33a78a152a11a9a13a10 .42 2.1.6.3 VAV
12、 Systemsa128a13a88a13a17a11a9a13a10 .43 2.1.6.4 Building and Energy Management Systemsa132a78a133a13a119a91a16a117a139a15a68a13a134a13a9a13a10 43 ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 2 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 18 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved
13、2.1 AIR CONDITIONING a0a40a153a46a1a43a154a0a40a153a46a1a43a154a156a155a155a155a155a157a0a2a1a0a2a1a0a2a1a159a158a158a158a158 2.1.1 GENERAL a160a2a161a43a162a5a163 2.1.1.1 Objectives a164a11a165 The objective of air conditioning is to provide comfort to all areas of the hotel for guests as well as e
14、mployees in a cost-effective manner. Temperatures and Indoor Air Quality shall be maintained in accordance with parameters as specified in this section. a166a43a167a169a168a43a170a58a171a5a172a38a43a39a174a173a138a175a46a4a177a176a91a173a115a178a58a179a181a180a138a4a5a182a166a43a167a46a183a58a184a5a
15、185a187a186a189a188a40a190a40a191a43a192a58a193a46a194a46a195a46a196a5a197a173a168a43a170a123a171a5a172a187a190a138a198a56a166a43a167a199a188a173a183a58a184a46a200a46a201a5a202a123a166a43a167a58a203a58a204a46a201a123a205a43a184a46a206a5a207a58a208a5a209a120a58a121a174a210a138a38a5a39a5a211a58a212a46
16、a83a123a213a188a27a168a2a214a46a215a46a216a84a46a125a123a217a5a182a58a218a5a219a58a81a220a173a91a221a43a222a46a223a181a224a188a210 Guest Rooms a225a5a226 The system shall be capable to satisfy guests desired comfort level in the range from 20C to 25C. During occupancy the selected temperature shall
17、be constantly maintained 24 hours/ day at any time of the year - irrespective of external temperature variations. Humidity shall be controlled within a range of 40% up to 65% (tropical) via primary air systems. Fan coils in rooms shall only be required to remove sensible heat. a168a40a170a5a171a2a17
18、2a38a40a39a43a84a169a122a138a227a43a228a200a43a201a5a206a2a229a43a183a46a230a43a231a173a208a43a209a211a5a212a156a232 20a233a27a234 25a233a58a235a2a210a40a236a166a40a167a46a200a43a201a5a237a43a238a5a230a169a239a43a190a138a240a241a213a43a242a2a211a58a212a46a243a5a244a5a245a46a246a190a2a168a2a170a38a2a
19、39a58a247a58a122a40a182a5a248a46a249a46a250a5a251a190a125a46a217a46a252a208a43a209a123a168a43a170a211a46a212a159a210a91a234a46a253a46a213a188a27a168a40a214a43a254a212a190a84a46a44a58a255a1a0a3a2a5a4a46a45a171a5a172a173a170a219a190a7a6a5a254a212a46a125a58a217a46a182 40%a8 65% a232a10a9a12a11a185a187a
20、186a235a27a223a189a224a188a210a5a13a200a15a14 a188a173a200a201a169a190a91a202a17a16a5a18a13a20a19a183a17a21a12a22a173a20a23a5a9a190a247a43a178a194a255a200a5a14a174a188a173a27a45a25a24a5a26a241a25a27 a170a219a189a210 2.1.1.2 System Type Selection a28a17a29a25a30a32a31 a165a20a33a5a34a165a165a165 Ther
21、e are many factors that affect the choice of air conditioning systems. The design engineer should make an analysis of all relevant details and ascertain an appropriate solution. a184a17a35a12a36a13a37a19a5a38a12a39a168a40a170a5a171a43a172a173a20a40a17a41a189a210a91a38a2a39a203a25a42a15a43a84a169a236
22、a3a44a17a45a183a5a184a173a184a15a46a25a47a219a12a48a25a49a25a50a220 a209a236a46a173a20a51a17a52a189a210The design engineer should utilise calculation procedures established by ASHRAE and CIBSE for determining heating and cooling plant capacities a38a123a39a203a53a42a54a43a84a54a55a57a56a54a58a60a59a
23、40a56a159a57a12a61a181a48a202a174a168a123a170a187a203a53a42a54a43a53a62a57a63a232 ASHRAEa235a202a53a64a54a65a1a66a54a67a38a53a68a203a53a42a57a62a57a63a232 CIBSEa235a183a15a69a25a70a173a91a39a197a17a42a5a71a43a202a41a2a42a27a39a197a56a58a57a115a83a5a61a43a48a189a173a72a24a15a73a5a74a76a75a5a77a216a21
24、0 Life cycle cost evaluations shall be made for the central plant. In general, all system selections shall be based on sound engineering principles and a comparison made between reasonable capital and operating and maintenance costs. a38a2a39a43a84a187a236a7a78a15a79a207a0a7a2a168a2a170a58a171a43a17
25、2a24a12a73a187a173a91a149a15a80a15a81a17a82a12a83a230a2a202a12a84a218a5a44a5a45a174a210a15a44a12a85a190a138a206a43a207a123a171a43a172a173a20a40a220a84a187a236a184a1a86a50a189a173a203a17a42a32a87a5a88a55a5a56a190a12a89a17a90a3a91a43a204a255a15a79a207a38a5a68a17a92a32a93a2a83a15a94a230a149a5a150a190a1
26、25a5a95a57a96a115a85a189a173a12a97a72a98a27 a204a46a171a43a172a173a37a40a41a189a210 1. Building Automation System a155a155a155a155 BASa158a158a158a158 a99a12a100a102a101a104a103a99a12a100a102a101a104a103a32a28a17a29a28a17a29 The entire air-conditioning plant shall be controlled and supervised by thi
27、s system as detailed in section 2.3. a248a15a105a168a43a170a58a171a43a172a5a202a24a32a73a2a84a187a236a3a106a46a85a5a107a67a109a108a111a110a58a171a5a172 a27a5a112 a204a83a15a113a15a114a190a252a171a5a172a173a110a61a5a182 2.3 a219a184a5a115a12a47a5a116a86a210 ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 2 HEATING, VE
28、NTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 19 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved 2. Guest rooms a225a5a226 In order to achieve the above objectivea190 the preferred system for is 4-pipe fan coils located in the ceiling void of the entrance lobby area. 2-pipe systems are
29、 satisfactory for locations with no heating requirements. Electric reheat may be considered, where low heating loads can be satisfied economically. Primary air of 90 cbm/hr shall be introduced into every room (module) & exhausted via the bathroom (85 cbm/hr). a179a3a117a12a8a200a5a14a85a2a249a5a118a
30、32a119a90a106a58a57a202a61a43a48a168a2a170a169a190a84a5a106a43a85 4a241a61a46a45a25a24a17a26a241 a168a40a170a5a171a43a172a210 2 a241a61a12a120a46a122a138a85a43a182a121a15a122a106a58a57a169a173a166a40a167a46a200a17a14a210a72a123a207a41a2a42a14 a122 a194a255a57a0a7a2a76a124a5a4a5a45a171a43a172a2a198a5
31、6a17a123a32a125a90 90a70a17a126a173a20a4a5a45a216a181a190a15a89a90a44a5a255a57a0a7a2a76a127a5a45a171a2a172a169a190a57a128a130a129a213a1a131a133a132a17a127a1a134a72a123a12a125a90 85a70a17a126a173a91a45a216a210 Additional convector heating may be required in front of large windows. a135 a200a17a14a78a
32、46a242a70a5a136a5a184a17a137a5a138a25a139a12a140a173a27a38a40a39a190a76a140a3a141a118a17a142a5a143a17a144a192a78a15a145a17a146a46a57a3a147a174a210Bathrooms located adjacent an exterior wall require radiator heating. Interior bathrooms do not. In moderate climate zones heated towel racks shall be pro
33、vided, connected to the heating circuit of the 4-pipe system. Where economically feasible they may be electrically heated. a135 a200a17a14a17a129a213a76a148a15a149a25a150a5a151a5a242a17a152a190a252a129a213a122a4a17a144a154a153a155a144a5a9a25a106a123a57a3a147a174a210a240a150a5a151a140a173a138a213a188
34、a155a129a213a88a43a240 a122a4a43a252a17a106a57a169a210a11a182a2a211a32a11a214a5a156a43a185a169a186a5a190a138a200a17a14a17a129a213a40a84a17a157a184a150a159a158a241a25a160 a171a43a172a173a37a9a2a124a27a144a5a9a17a161a163a162a133a164a187a210a135a85a154a153a15a178a54a97a155a98a194a195a169a190a7a91a118a1
35、66a165a155a106a43a85a163a153a155a144a17a9a5a161a163a162a133a1643. Public and service areas a225a5a167a225a225a225a5a167a53a168a76a169a53a170a7a171a5a172a15a173a32a170a168a76a169a53a170a7a171a5a172a15a173a32a170 The preferred systems for public areas such as banquet and meeting facilities, restaurant
36、s, and lobby areas are variable air volume (VAV). All other systems shall be medium pressure constant volume with two-speed motors except for systems 200 kW Centrifugal/Screw a88a11a89 /a86a51a87a57 Three 3 50 The installed redundancy required shall also be influenced by the number of hours external
37、 temperature exceeds 13C in an average year. However, table 2.1.2.2A should take preference if there is any contradiction. If reciprocating compressors or absorbers are to be utilised, a study into their consumption as compared to the above must be carried out with satisfactory results. Table 2.1.2.
38、2B also applies to major plant items listed in this section such as chilled water pumps, condenser water pumps, air cooled condensers and cooling towers. a136a5a176a84a137a111a161a5a133a2a120a51a121a3a240a7a162a2a163a97a7a164a3a167a3a168 13oCa137a53a51a165a6a3a187a128a137a1a246a14a163a173a137a59a241
39、a14a242a36a159a19a166a155a143a17a128a27a91a237a112a27a167a11a168a84a143a17a133a138a183a169a7a170 a145a9a146a153 2.1.2.2Aa159a44a128a51a91a26a158a9a214a2a171a26a2a51a172a95a173a57a51a54a7a90a47a253a94a229a100a61a143a139a2a140a11a174a95a175a39a2a115a128a137a212a11a176a143a87a3a248a7a177a47a61a226 a92
40、a249a112a166a84a237a135a95a128a138a137a16a178a2a91a84a159a44a153 2.1.2.2Ba127a131a14a138a14a2a17a191a72a146a51a92a9a228a9a154a237a137a59a221a9a176a26a47a61a51a179a181a180a183a182a128a9a140a3a254a222a2a184a143a54a140a254a222a2a184a143a195a140a9a140a9a84a61 a87a140a3a254a14a62a26a159 Table 2.1.2.2B a1
41、53 2.1.2.2B ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 2 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 29 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved N of Hours external temperature exceeds 13C (per year) a185a51a186a188a187a190a189a51a191 13oCa72 a245a51a192 a168a9a169a151a248a151a2
42、49 a157a72 a245 a157a72 a245 a157a72 a245 a157 No of Units a155a27a156a51a157 5,000 2 67% 2 a193 a124 67% 5,000 3 50% 3a193a124 50% Consideration should be given to possible additional chilled water demand from kitchen refrigeration equipment, water-cooled ice machines on guest room floors, and any
43、other requirements unique to the particular hotel. They should have separate cooling towers unless year-round air conditioning provides cooling towers continuously in operation. a133a138a183a145a9a146a78a72a202a36a215a14a137a75a10a53a137a7a128a67 a151a140a9a46a103a214a138a143a199 a151a37a51a64a222a1
44、40a9a139a2a63a14a47a224 a236a3a210a17a205a72a206a26a10a19a12a136a9a176a9a182a7a194a95a195a138a137a140a3a254a222a137a59a176a14a13a128a159a44a39a2a115a14a133a84a183a217a3a212a5a213a137a28a140a17a254a26a62a84a143a2a196a21a197a11a132a97a99a198a21a199a11a200a95a201a16a202a51a203a2a204a51a205a2a206a2a207a
45、51a208a2a209a51a210a150a211 2.1.2.3 Refrigerants a212a27a213a51a214 The chillers shall be using refrigerants, which have the least impact on the ozone layer as well as global warming. CFCs shall not be used. a215a27a216 a204a51a205 a215 a198a75a204a27a217a2a218a85a219a111a220a2a221a51a222a2a223a2a22
46、4a2a225a95a226a95a227a21a228a51a229a27a201a11a226a77a227a111a230a51a231a2a232a95a233a85a211a111a229a27a201 a215 CFCa234a204a27a217a2a218a73a211 Compressed a235a2a236a2a237a77a238 Scroll a239a27a240a51a241 Scroll a239a27a240a51a241 Screw/Centrifugal a242a51a243 /a244a2a245a241a241a241a241 Refrigerant
47、 a204a51a217a2a218 R410A R407C R134A Output a246a111a247 200kW 2.1.2.4 Efficiency a248a51a249 Centrifugal refrigeration units shall provide a cooling capacity at an approximate electrical Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV) of 0.55 kW per ton. a250a11a251a51a252 a204a27a217a7a253a73a198a117a204a51a205
48、a95a201a11a254a7a220a27a255a1a0 a247 a198a3a2a5a4a5a6a8a7a10a9a12a11a8a13a15a14 IPLVa16a18a17a8a19a21a20a23a22 0.55a24a26a25a211 IPLV. Reference is made to ARI 550/590-1998, according to the formula: IPLV a198a28a27a30a29a5a13a10a31 ARI 550/590-1998a219a28a32a5a33a26a34 a252a5a35a5a36a38a37 IPLV = 1
49、/(0.01/A+0.42/B+0.45/C+0.12/D). A = 1 % - 100% load at condenser temperature 29.4oC in KW/ton a39a26a40a42a41a8a43a19 29.4oCa44a198a42a9a12a11a150a198 100%a219a3a45a30a46a19a12a20a47a22a42a24a26a25 B = 42% - 75% load at condenser temperature 23.9oC in KW/ton a39a26a40a42a41a8a43a19 23.9oCa44a198a42a9a12a11a150a198 75%a219a3a45a30a46a19a21a20a23a22a42a24a23a25 C = 45% - 50% load at condenser temperature 18.3oC in KW/ton a39a26a40a42a41a8a43a19 18.3oCa44a198a42a9a12a11a150a198 50%a219a3
