1、一、一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a
2、fall. 骄者必败。注意： 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较 ：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch
3、me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus.
4、 = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes (不是 will come), ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed befo
5、re you leave the room. 二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。Where did you go just now?I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the
6、 street.He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that. 3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。（1）动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now?I wondered if you could help me.（2）情态动词 could, would，例如：Could you lend me your
7、 bike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help. 注意比较下列句型： It is time for sb. to do sth “到时间了；该了 ”，例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该了” ，例如：It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would
8、 (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示“宁愿某人做某事 ”，例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentuck
9、y for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)三、一般将来时1) shall 用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to b
10、e produced next month.c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to / will 的用法之比较
11、：用于条件句时，be going to 表将来，will 表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to 和 be going to 的用法之比较：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而 be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am
12、 to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) 四、现在进行时1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you.2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3. 表示渐变的动词有：get
13、, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.4. 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, m
14、easure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finis
15、h, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired五、过去进行时1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to
16、 ten last evening, when, while例句：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案 C. 割伤手指
17、是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时， when 表时间的同时性，“ 玛丽在做衣服时“提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell答案 B.句中的 as = when, while，意为“当之时“ 。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。“句中的 fell (fall 的过去时 )
18、，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。 1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont make D. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no e
19、asy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasn
20、t turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walk
21、ing8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will be D. has been9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playing B. were to play C. had played
22、 D. played 10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go and B. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going to D. didnt know; Im going to11. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have
23、putC. have you put; put D. were you putting; put14. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited15. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died
24、16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken 17. Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come back C. before I come back D. before Ill come back18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look fo
25、r something he _ in the office.A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had left D. had worked; left 21.The notice _ “No smoking”. A. is told B. reads C. tells D. is read倒装一、完全倒装1. 在 there, here 引导的句子中，谓语是be, exist, live,lie 等表示状态的不及物动词。There is nobody in the classroom.There s
26、eems something wrong with my radio.There stands a temple on the top of the mountain部分倒装There goes the bell. There happened an event last week.Here comes your husband.完全倒装There is a table in the room.部分倒装Why did you do it like that? 2、在 there, here 引导的句子中 ,谓语动词用 come,go,follow,enter,rush,occur(发生)等。注
27、意：主语是人称代词时，则不需倒装。Here he comes.Here it is.3、副词 now, then, thus（因此，如此） 引导的句子里，谓语 是 come, follow, begin, end, be 等Now comes your turn!Then followed another shot of gun.Thus ended the meeting.4.in,out,down,up,over,away,off,back,below 等副词作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词有 come, go, rush 等不及物动词。 Up and up go the prices. O
28、ff went the horses.Down came the brown waves! 但如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。Back they fought. （fight back 还击）Up it flew.、在直接引语全部或部分置于句首时，引用动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。“Youve made great progress this term.”said the teacher.“Tom”,said his father, “ You shouldnt make friends with such boys!”注意：1)主语是代词时，倒装不倒装都可以。“Where are you
29、going?”asked he.(He asked.)2)引用动词另有宾语时，即使主语是名词也不倒装。“Why didnt you join us!”Our monitor asked us.6、 谓语是 be, 表语提前时，整个句子需倒装。Happy is he who devoted himself to the cause of communism.Such was Albert Einstein, a single man of great achievements7、 地点状语提前，为了保持句子平衡且谓语是 be , stand, sit , lie, come 等动词时On eve
30、ry piece of paper was a picture of a horse.From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice.On the ground lay a goat. 二、部分倒装1、在以 so, nor, neither 开头的句子里。(也是; 也不是）A fish can swim and so can I.I get up at seven and so does my brother.He didnt do it and neither did I.He didnt smoke, nor did he drink.
31、注意：）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装.（确实是）-It is hot today. -So it is. -He finished it on time. -So he did.）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，so 也不用倒装( 某人照办了）The teacher asked me to read louder , and I did so.3)当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用 so it is with.句型来表示。Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary.Tom
32、is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.2、在疑问句里Do you have an English class every day?What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?3、在不带 if 的虚拟条件从句中。 Should he be interested in this subject, he might work hard at it.(=If he should be interested in this subject, )Had I known the answer, I sh
33、ould have told you.(=If I had known the answer, I should have )4. 在否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时，部分倒装never, hardly, scarcely 几乎不，仅仅，决不 seldom, little, barely 仅够，几乎没有 rarely 不常，很少 nowhere 无处，到处都无 by no means 决不 in no case,at no time 决不 not untilhardly (scarcely)when, no sooner.than(一就)Never before have I met him.H
34、ardly did I think it possible.Not a single paper did the scholar write the whole term（条款，条件） .Seldom did the boy read newspaper.Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery（风景，景色）.Nowhere could we find the book.Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain.No sooner had they entered th
35、e house than it began to rain.注 意1)当上述单词不提前时，则不倒装。I seldom read newspaper before.He had hardly finished his homework when the light went out.2)当这些词作形容词修饰主语时且置句首时，句子不倒装。 Little work was done yesterday5.Neithernor 连接的两个句子都要倒装； not onlybut also 连接的两个句子时，not only 后面的句子要倒装,but also 不倒装1)Neither has he ca
36、lled on her, nor will he do so.2)Not only shall we learn from books, but also we should learn from practice. 6. 当“so (such).that.“结构中的 so 或 such 位于句首 时,构成部分倒装句。 So busy is the dentist that he has no time to spare7. only 位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,要用部分倒装。注意:only 修饰状语从句时,主句中倒装,从句中不倒装;only 修饰的不是状语时,则不用倒装语序。O
37、nly the teachers can come in. 他只有昨天动身去东京。Only yesterday did he leave for Tokyo.只有当他们回来的时候，我们才知道结果。Only when they came back could we know the results.只有用这种方式，我们才能计算出这道数学题。Only in this way can we work out the math problem. 当 however, no matter how 引导让步状语从句时, 常把 however / no matter how + 形容词 / 副词放在句首,此
38、时主谓不倒装。 No matter how well a poem is translated ,something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 当方式状语、频度状语等移至句首时，有时也会引起部分倒装。 Gladly would I pay more if I could get better service by doing so. Many a time has Mike given me good service.only +Prep. hrase时 间 副 词When-clause+助 动 词 +主 语 +谓 语 当然，方式状
39、语移至句首，也可以不用倒装。 Stealthily the girl crept out of the door. Slowly and impressively he rose from his seat.三、不引起倒装的前置 不引起倒装的前置成分通常是宾语、主语补语和宾语补语。 A horrible mess you have make of it. (宾语前置） Very strange it seemed. (主语补语前置） A scandal I call it. (宾语补语） 练习： 1. So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaki
40、ng country that I determined to learn English well. A.I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel 2. _ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not o
41、nly they did bring E. 3. Only when your identity has been checked, _. F. A. you are allowed in G. B. you will be allowed in H. C. will you allow in I. D. will you be allowed in J. 4. _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. K. A. As long as I have traveled L. B. Now that I have traveled
42、so much M. C. Much as I have traveled N. D. As I have traveled so much 当 as / though 引导让步状语从句时 ,可出现 “名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 分词 + as + 主语 + 动词”或 “动词 + as + 主语 + 助动词”的倒装形式。 当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。 5. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whate
43、ver 6. On the wall _ two large portraits. A hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 7. Be quick! _ . A. The bus comes here B. The bus here comes C. Here the bus comes D. Here comes the bus 8. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. A. they had quarreled B. they hav
44、e quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled9. Not a single song _ at yesterdays party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing 10. Only in this way _ to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 11. Not only
45、 _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself is; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are 12. -Do you know Jim quarreled with his
46、 brothers? -I dont know, and _ . A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 13. -You forgot your purse when you went out. -Good heaven, _ . A. so did I B. I did so C. so I did D. I so did 14. _ got into the room _ the telephone rang. A. He hardly had; then B. Hard
47、ly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when 15. _ for the free tickets, I wouldnt have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 16. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 17. _ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 18. Well have to finish the job, _ . A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it
