1、状语从句,状语从句是由从句来充当状语的句子，其在句子中可修饰谓语动词(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或整个句子。它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。,一、状语从句的引导词,续表,续表,状语从句讲解 一、时间状语从句 1when，while，as的特殊点 (1)表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。 (2)when可用作并列连词，意为“在那时，突然”，常用于下列句式： be about to do- when;be doing- when; be on the point of doing- when; sb.had just d
2、one sth.when- (3)表达“随着”或“一边一边”的含义时，一般用as。 (4)as作“当时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。 (5)while从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。,【例1】 _ the days went on，the weather got worse. AWith BSince CWhile DAs 答案 D 【例2】 _ you are at home alone，please dont leave the door open. AUntil BWhile CBefore DAs 答案 B,2表示“一就”的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as常用一般现在时表
3、将来。 (2)hardly/scarcely.when.或no sooner.than.结构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句谓语用一般过去时。把no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序 (3)表示时间概念的副词充当连词，如：immediately，directly，instantly等。 (4)“the瞬间名词”，如：the moment，the minute，the second等。,【例3】 Just use this room for the time being，and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes
4、 available.(2010安徽) Aas soon as Bunless Cas far as Duntil 答案 A 【例4】 She had _ sat down _ the telephone rang. Ahardly；than Bhardly；when Cno sooner；when Dno sooner；as 答案 B,【例5】 I went to see him _ I heard from him. Awhen Bwhile Cas Dimmediately 答案 D,3以time结尾的短语引导时间状语从句 every/each time，(the) next time，
5、(the) last time，the first time，any time，by the time等短语也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。 【例6】 I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. Afirst time Bfor the first time Cthe first time Dby the first time 答案 C,【例7】 I seem to remember that _ we met I did most of the talking. Athe last time Bevery time Cat the time DA a
6、nd B 答案 D,4since引导时间状语从句的用法 (1)主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 (2)若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。 (3)固定句型：It is/has been段时间since一般过去时。 【例8】 Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time? Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society. Ahas joined Bjoins Chad joined Djoined 答案 D,【例9】 What was the party like? Wonde
7、rful.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. Aafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince 答案 D 【例10】 Do you smoke? _.Its three years since I smoked. AYes，I do BYes，I dont CNo，I dont DNo，I do 答案 C,5until/till引导时间状语从句的用法 (1)用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词是延续性的，表示相应动作结束的时间。如：He worked until five oclock.他一直工作到五点钟。 (2)用于否定句中，主句的谓语动词一般是短暂性的
8、，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到才”如：He didnt begin to work until five oclock.直到五点钟他才开始工作。 【例11】 A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. Auntil Bunless Cwhen Dafter 答案 A,注：not.until可用于强调句或倒装句中。 如：I didnt know it until he came back. It was not until he came
9、 back that I knew it.强调句 Not until he came back did I know it.倒装句,6once引导时间状语从句的用法 once引导时间状语从句时含有条件意味，译为“一旦”。 【例12】 _ they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.(2010北京) AAs BWhile CUntil DOnce 答案 D,7before引导时间状语从句的用法 表示“在之前”。常用的句型： It will be some time bef
10、ore.意为“要过一段时间才”。It was long before- 很久才 It wasnt long before-不久就- 【例13】 John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. (2010陕西) Awhen Bafter Cbefore Dsince 答案 C,【例14】 Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. Awhen Buntil Cbefore Dafter 答案
11、C 注：before的反义词是after，两者可以转换。如：We had stayed here four days before we went home. After we had stayed here four days，we went home.,8whenever的用法 whenever表示“无论何时”，相当于every time/each time。 【例15】 _ I come to Beijing，I call at my teachers home. ABy the time BWhile CWhenever DWhen 答案 C/D,二、条件状语从句 1引导条件状语从句的
12、连词主要有if “如果”，unless“除非”(=if- not)，as/so long as“只要”，on condition that“只要”，supposing“假设”，providing/provided“倘若”等。 【例16】 Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well，that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves. (2010江西) Aas long as Bunless Cas soon as Dthough 答案 A,【例17】 The little boy wont go to slee
13、p _ his mother tells him a story.(2010全国) Aor Bunless Cbut Dwhether 答案 B 【例18】 The bell is rung _ there is a fire. Aeven Bthat Cif Dalthough 答案 C,2in case也可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，万一”。 【例19】 _ I forget，please remind me about it. AIn case BAs BUnless DThough 答案 A,3.“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+简单句”句型，祈使句在意义上
14、相当于条件状语从句。有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 Hurry up, or else youll be late. One step further, and the car will hit you.,三、原因状语从句 1because引导原因状语从句的用法 (1)含有很强的因果关系，回答why的提问，一般只用because。 (2)在强调句型中，如强调原因状语从句，只用because引导这个从句。 【例20】 Why didnt he come yesterday? _ he had something important to do. ABecause BAs CSince DFor
15、答案 A,【例21】 It was _ I was ill that I didnt go to school. Abecause Bsince Cas Dfor 答案 A,2since，as引导原因状语从句的用法 表示已知或明显的原因，通常放于主句之前。since比as更正式一些，since“既然”，as“由于”。 【例22】 _ everyone is here，lets begin. ABecause BSince CFor DBecause of 答案 B 注：表示“既然”的连词还有now that/when等。,【例23】 _ you wouldnt like to go there
16、，you might as well stay here. AEven if BSince CNow that DWhen 答案 B/C/D,3for表示原因的用法 for表示原因时属于并列连词，不能放在句首，有时表因果关系(此时可与because等换用)，有时不表因果关系，而是对前一分句的内容加以解释或推断(此时不与because等换用)。 【例24】 (1) The ground is wet，_ it rained last night. (2)It rained last night，_ the ground is wet this morning. (3)It must have r
17、ained last night，_ the ground is wet this morning. Abecause Bsince Cas Dfor 答案 (1)A/B/C/D (2)D (3)D,4在sorry，glad等表示“情感”的形容词后的连词 在表示“情感”的形容词后由that引导原因状语从句。 【例25】 Im sorry _ I havent met him. Abecause Bsince Cas Dthat 答案 D,四、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词有where“在的地方”，wherever“无论什么地方”。 【例26】 _ he is，he will be thi
18、nking of his girlfriend. AWhat BWhere CWhether DWherever 答案 D,【例27】 She found her calculator _ she lost it.是状语从句 Athat Bwhere Cin which Dwhen 答案 B 【例28】 This is the factory _ her mother worked last year.是定语从句 Athat Bwhere Cin which Dwherever 答案 B/C,五、目的状语从句 1so that和in order that引导目的状语从句，从句谓语常用情态动词c
19、an (could)，may (might)，will (would)等。 【例29】 I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. Asince Bso that Cas if DUnless 答案 B,【例30】 He opened the window _ fresh air might come in. Asince Bsuch that Cin order that Das if 答案 C,2in case，for fear that也可引导目的状语从句，意为“以防”。 【例31】 John may phone tonight.I dont wan
20、t to go out _ he phones. Aunless Bin case Cso that Dthough 答案 B,六、结果状语从句 1常用so that，so/such.that引导。 2须注意这几种结构：soadj.a/an可数名词单数；sucha/anadj.可数名词单数；suchadj.可数名词复数或不可数名词。 3结果状语从句中谓语常不用情态动词。 【例32】 She told us _ story that we all forgot the time. Asuch an interesting Bsuch interesting a Cso an interestin
21、g Da so interesting 答案 A,【例33】 It was _ that all of us went out for a walk. Asuch fine weather Bso fine weather Csuch fine a day Dso a fine day 答案 A 注：如果可数名词复数或不可数名词前有many，much，few，little (少)修饰时，用so而不用such。如：I have so few relatives that I feel lonely.我几乎没有什么亲属，(结果)我感到孤独。,【例34】 _ little children got
22、_ little information. ASo；such BSo；so CSuch；so DSuch；such 答案 C,七、让步状语从句 1although/though引导让步状语从句的用法 表示“虽然”，二者一般可通用。但用作副词(置于句末，用逗号隔开，意为“可是、然而”)时，一般只用though。 【例35】 _ she is young，she knows quite a lot. ABefore BHowever CAlthough DUnless 答案 C,【例36】 We agreed to meet here.He hasnt turned up，_. Abut Bhow
23、ever Calthough Dthough 答案 D,2as引导让步状语从句的用法 as引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。(若是名词，其前一般不用冠词。) 【例37】 _，he cant know everything. AAs he is clever BAs clever he is CClever as he is DA teacher as he is 答案 C,【例38】 Try _ I may，I dont think Ill succeed. Aas Beven if Calthough Dthough 答案 A/D,3even i
24、f，even though引导让步状语从句的用法 表示“即使”，二者一般可通用。 【例39】 Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise. (2010湖南) Aif Beven though Cunless Das long as 答案 B,4“no matter疑问词”的用法 no matter疑问词(who，which，what，when，where，how)引导让步状语从句时，表示“无论”，分别等于whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever，however。 【例
25、40】 Nobody believed him _ what he said. Aeven though Bin spite Cno matter Dalthough 答案 C,【例41】 _ troublesome the problem is，he faces it with patience. AHowever BDespite CNo matter DAlthough 答案 A 【例42】 _ great difficulties the future may have in store for us，we will keep up until we finally achieve o
26、ur goals. AHowever BWhenever CWherever DWhatever 答案 D,5whether.or引导让步状语从句的用法 表示一正一反的概念，常译作“不管”，从句常用省略形式。 【例43】 _ sick _ well，she is always happy. ANeither；nor BEither；or CWhether；or DBoth；and 答案 C,6when/while引导让步状语从句的用法 表示“虽然”。 【例44】 They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless. Aif Bbeca
27、use Cwhen Dwhere 答案 C 【例45】 _ I admit that there are problems，I dont think that they cannot be solved. AUnless BUntil CAs DWhile 答案 D,八、方式状语从句 1as if/as though引导方式状语从句的用法 表示“好像”，从句谓语有时用陈述语气，有时用虚拟语气。 【例46】 He treats me well _ I were his father. Aas Blike Cas if Deven if 答案 C,【例47】 She had a tense exp
28、ression on her face，_ she was expecting trouble. Aeven though Bas though Cso that Dnow that 答案 B,2as引导方式状语从句的用法 表示“像一样”；“照方式”等含义。 【例48】 We must live _ Lei Feng lived. Alike Bas Cas if Deven if 答案 B 【例49】 Do rememer that you must do everything _ you are told to. Awhat Bwhich Cas Dif 答案 C,3what引导方式状语从
29、句的用法 what引导方式状语从句，一般只用于A is to B what C is to D这一句型中，意思是“A对于B的重要性，就如同C对于D的重要性一样”。 【例50】 Reading is to the mind _ food is to the body. Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dof which 答案 A,九、比较状语从句 1as原级as(用于肯定句或否定句)；so原级as(用于否定句)。 2比较级：more.than。 3the more.，the more.。前面是从句，后面是主句。当主句是将来时时，从句须用一般现在时代替将来时。 【例51】 The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. Aas faster as Bso faster than Cso faster as Das fast as 答案 D,【例52】 The longer the period _，the higher the interest rate _. Awill be；will be Bis；was Cwill be；is Dis；will be 答案 D,
