1、Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,绪论（Introduction）,2,巢湖，2013,7,青海湖,课程目标,化学原理认识水环境 what、why组成、形态、转化、效应 定量平衡与动力学过程求解 how应用水处理与水环境修复,3,4,成绩评定,平时成绩30%：作业、参与课程、出勤小论文30%期末40%,5,参考书目,Brezonik P L, Arnold W A. Water Chemistry：An Introduction to the Chemistry of Natural and Engineered Aquatic Systems. Oxford U
2、niversity Press, New York, 2011. （教材） Stumm W, Morgan J J. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Water (3ed). John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996. 斯塔姆等，汤鸿霄等译。水化学。科学出版社，北京，1987。 汤鸿霄。环境水化学纲要。 环境科学丛刊，1988。 陈静生。水环境化学。高等教育出版社，北京，1988。 期刊论文等。,6,Werner Stumm,Ph. D, 1952, inorganic chemi
3、stry, University of Zrich 1953-1969, Harvard University 1970-1992, Head of the Swiss Federal Water Resources Centre （EAWAG）,(1924-1999),7,8,Albert Einstein World Award of Science (1985) Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (1986)-国际环境科学最高奖 Stockholm Water Prize (1999) V.M. Goldschmidt Medal (19
4、99)-美国地球化学学会最高奖,9,10,James J. Morgan,Marvin L. Goldberger Professor of Environmental Engineering Science, Emeritus California Institute of Technology ，美国工程院院士b. 1932 B.C.E. 1954, Manhattan College M.S.E. 1956, University of Michigan M.A. 1962 and Ph.D. 1964, Harvard University D.Sc.H.C. 1989, Manhat
5、tan College,1966，Environmental Science and Technology 首任主编,11,Patrick L. Brezonik,Education: B.S., 1963, Chemistry, Marquette University M.S., 1965, Water Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Ph.D., 1968, Water Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Experience: Assistant, Associate, and Fu
6、ll Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, 1966-81 Guest Professor, EAWAG-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, 1971-72 and summer, 1980 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1981-2010. Program Dir
7、ector for Environmental Engineering, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 2004-2007,12,Research Interests (1) mercury biogeochemistry(2) applications of remote sensing (mainly satellite imagery) to evaluate lake quality (3) coupled biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in u
8、rban and agricultural systems(4) small-scale nutrient cycling processes in soil-sediment-water systems.,其他相关课本,16,Franois M. M. MorelJanet G. Hering,Mark Benjamin （ James O. Leckie-Stumm）,14,Hering,Benjamin,Leckie,Lee,Brezonik,Morel,Morgan,Stumm,15,环境水化学研究圣地,瑞士联邦水质科学技术研究所EAWAG,16,EAWAG主要研究领域,Firmly
9、anchored in its home country of Switzerland, but with a global network, Eawag is concerned with concepts and technologies for dealing sustainably with water bodies and with water as a resource. In collaboration with universities, other research institutions, public bodies, industry and non-governmen
10、tal organisations, Eawag works to harmonise ecological, economic and social interests in respect of water usage. The Institute thus serves as a bridge between the scientific world and the real world.,17,18,污水厂升级改造,河岸过滤与供水,19,环境水化学发展历程,萌芽期（1960年以前）：从属地位 转折与发展（1961-1970年）。Silln The Physical Chemistry
11、of Seawater，学科自身学术价值平衡观点、Geotitration、speciation Stumm （哈佛）和Lee （威斯康辛）热力学与动力学 学科建立。1970, Stumm & Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry,20,21,名字由来,1925，Water, Sewage, and Sanitation Chemistry 1958，Water, Air, and Waste Chemistry 1973，Environmental Chemistry 1962，Lee 科研项目water chemistry 1965，会议Principles and Appl
12、ications of Water Chemistry 1967，Stumm Equilibrium Concepts in Natural Waters 1970，Aquatic chemistry: An introduction emphasizing chemical equilibria in natural waters,22,Stumm设想,Aquatic Chemistry的两条研究路线： 欧美院系开展water treatment chemistry Scandinavia院系和USGS开展hydrochemistry,23,what he wanted to do, and
13、 what we discussed, was to try to blendgive a sense of the unity of applications of chemistry to environmental problems, whether it was a lake, groundwater, an estuary, a river, or a treatment plant. And the argument we made was that aquatic systems, whether theyre engineered or natural, are going t
14、o be guided by very much the same core body of principles: acid/base chemistry, solubility, precipitation, electron transfer, complex formation. And the choice of “aquatic chemistry” as a title was not a frivolous（轻率的） choice; it was an attempt to say, “This is what were going to embrace. Were going
15、 to embrace the chemistry of the aquatic environment whether its contained in a treatment plant or whether its out there.” -Morgan JJ口述（ P73）,24,概念讨论,Water Chemistry & Aquatic Chemistry水环境化学与环境水化学 环境水质学,25,Aquatic Environmental Chemistry Environmental Aquatic ChemistryAqueous Environmental Chemistry
16、 Environmental Aqueous GeochemistryEnvironmental Water Chemistry Water Environmental Chemistry,26,本课程主要内容,酸-碱平衡 沉淀-溶解 配位化学 氧化还原反应 表面化学与吸附 水体颗粒物 水体光解反应 水体有机污染物,27,专题讨论,VMINEQL软件 金属离子形态与生物有效性 天然有机质（NOM） 沉积物质量 营养元素（N、P）循环,28,环境水化学的学科地位,Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 56505657,HOW HAS WATER CHEMISTRY C
17、HANGED OVER THE PAST 50 YEARS,environmental quality and pollution issues that had a chemical focusadvances in scientific approaches and Technology advances within the field that led to new areas or ways to study existing areas,29,30,31,32,Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 46144648,一些持续的主题,the chemical behavior
18、of nutrients and trace metalskinetics of iron and manganese redox Reactions the chemical nature and behavior of NOM,33,34,Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 11881189,Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 31963201,published 2013,Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 1207312080,35,天然水体组成,常用浓度单位,摩尔浓度molarity，mol/L
19、 or M (but never M/L) 质量摩尔浓度molality (m) 当量normality (N或eq/L) 碱度Alkalinity mg/L as N or P (or mg N/L; mg P/L)OCl(mg/L as Cl) =mM of OCl 2 35.45,36,Sources of major and minor ions,Natural： terrestrial and atmosphericweathering reactions of rocks, minerals, soilsatmospheric transport： marine aerosols
20、Human derived,37,风化,38,钠长石,Acid-base titration,Human activities,39,40,天然水的化学组成模型,41,Gibbs模型,42,大气沉降,岩石风化,化学计量学模型,43,水化学组成的图示法,44,A、B两点各值多少？ 若A、B混合，其混合后值？,45,A,B,46,人类活动改变水体组成,Ca2+转Na+ Cl-优于HCO3- SO42-增加,Environ. Sci. Technol.2013,为什么？,“anthropogenic dominance”,47,48,水体污染类型演变,50,常规污水厂难以去除痕量有机有毒物质,污水厂下游,在污水厂下游1km仍能检测到抗药基因,51,Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 76837689,52,
