1、高考语文古诗词鉴赏的满分答题公式 高考语文古诗词鉴赏的满分答题公式诗歌鉴赏解题技巧整理 第一种模式 分析意象、意境型 提问方式：这首诗营造了一种怎样的意境？ 提问变体：这首诗描绘了一幅怎样的画面？表达了诗人怎样的思想感情？ 解答分析：这是一种最常见的题型。所谓 意境，是指寄托诗人情感的物象( 即意象)来源:学科网综合起来构建的让人产生想像的境界。它包括景、情、境三个方面。答题时三方面缺一不可。 答题步骤： 描绘诗中展现的图景画面。并准确概括考生应抓住诗中的主要景物，用自己的语言再现画面。描述时一要忠实于原诗，二要用自己的联想和想像加以再创造，语言力求优美。 概括景物所营造的氛围特点。一般用两个
2、双音节词即可，例如孤寂冷清、恬静优来源:学科网 ZXXK美、雄浑壮阔、萧瑟凄凉等，注意要能准确地体现景物的特点和情调。 分 析作 者的思想感情。切忌空洞，要答具体。比如光答“表达了作者感伤的情怀”是不行的，应答出为什么而“感伤” 。 答题示例： 绝句二首(其一) 杜甫 迟日江山丽，春风花草香。 泥融飞燕子，沙暖睡鸳鸯。 注：此诗写于诗人经过“一岁四行役 ”的奔波流离之后，暂时定居成都草堂时。 此诗描绘了怎样的景物？表达了诗人怎样的感情？请简要分析。 答：此诗描绘了一派美丽的初春景象：春天阳光普照，四野青绿，江水映日，春风送来花草的馨香，泥融土湿，燕子正繁忙地衔泥筑巢，日丽沙暖，鸳鸯在沙洲上静睡
3、不动(步骤一)。这是一幅明净绚丽的春景图 (步骤二)。表现了诗人结束奔波流离生活安定后愉悦闲适的心境(步骤三)。 第二种模式分析技巧型 提问方式：这首诗用了怎样的表达技巧？ 提问变体：请分析这首诗的表现手法(或艺术手法，或手法 )。诗人是怎样抒发自己的情感的？有何效果？ 答题步骤： (1)准确指出用了何种手法。 (2)结合诗句阐释为什么是用了这种手法。 (3)此手法怎样有效传达出诗人怎样的感情。 答题示例： 早行 陈与义 露侵驼褐晓寒轻，星斗阑干分外明。寂寞小桥和梦过，稻田深处草虫鸣。 此诗主要用了什么表现手法？有何效果？ 答：主要用了反衬手法(步骤一 )。天未放亮，星斗纵横，分外明亮，反衬夜
4、色之暗；“草虫鸣”反衬出环境的寂静 (步骤二)。两处反衬都突出了诗人出行之早，心中由飘泊引起的孤独寂寞(步骤三)。 第三种模式分析语言特色 提问方式：这首诗在语言上有何特色？ 提问变体：请分析这首诗的语言风格。谈谈此诗的语言艺术。 答题步骤： (1)用一两个词准确点明语言特色。 (2)用诗中有关语句具体分析这种特色。 (3)指出表现了作者怎样的感情。 答题示例： 春怨 打起黄莺儿，莫教枝上啼。啼时惊妾梦，不得到辽西。 请分析此诗的语言特色。 答：此诗语言特点是清新自然，口语化(步骤一) ， “黄莺儿 ”是儿化音，显出女子的纯真娇憨。 “啼时惊妾梦，不得到辽西 ”用质朴的语言表明了打黄莺是因为它
5、惊扰了自己思念丈夫的美梦(步骤二)。这样非常自然地表现了女子对丈夫的思念之情(步骤三)。 第四种模式炼字型 提问方式：这一联中最生动传神的是什么字？为什么？ 提问变体：某字历来为人称道，你认为它好在哪里？ 解答分析：古人作诗讲究炼字，这种题型是要求品味 这些经锤炼的 字的妙处。答题时不能把该字孤立起来谈，得放在句中，并结合全诗的意境情感来分析。 答题步骤： (1)解释该字在句中的含义。 (2)展开联想把该字放入原句中描述景象。 (3)点出该字烘托了怎样的意境，或表达了怎样的感情。 答题示例： 南浦别白居易 南浦凄凄别，西风袅袅秋。一看肠一断，好去莫回头。 前人认为， “看”字看似平常，实际上非
6、常传神，它能真切透露出抒情主人公的形象。你同意这种说法吗？为什么？ 答：同意。看，在诗中指回望(步骤一) 。离人孤独地走了，还频频回望，每一次回望，都令自己肝肠寸断。此字让我们仿佛看到抒情主人公泪眼朦胧，想看又不敢看的形象(步骤二)。只一 “看”字，就淋漓尽致地表现了离别的酸楚( 步骤三)。 第五种模式一词领全诗型 提问方式：某词是全诗的关键，为什么？ 解答分析：古诗非常讲究构思，往往一个字或一个词就构成全诗的线索，全诗的感情基调、全诗的思想，抓住这个词命题往往可以以小见大，考出考生对全诗的把握程度。 答题步骤： (1)该词对突出主旨所起的作用。 (2)从该词在诗中结构上所起的作用考虑。 答题
7、示例： 春夜洛城闻笛李白 谁家玉笛暗飞声，散入春风满洛城。此夜曲中闻折柳，何人不起故园情？ “折柳 ”二字是全诗的关键， “折柳”寓意是什么？你是否同意“关键”之说，为什么？ 答：“折柳”的寓意是“惜别怀远” ，而诗歌的主旨正是思乡之情 (步骤一 )。这种思乡之情是从听到“折柳” 曲的笛声引起的(步骤二)。可见“折柳”是全诗的关键. 第六种模式情感、主旨型 提问方式：表达了怎样的思想感情？这首诗的主旨是什么 提问变体：这首诗反映了怎样的社会现实？这首诗表现了怎样的情趣？或者结合意境提问，或就某一句某一联发问。 答题步骤： （1）诗歌各句（或相关的句 子）分别写 了什么内容 （2）运用了何种表达
8、技巧 （3）抒发什么情感 答题示例：阅读下面这首宋词，然后回答问题。 （8 分） （ 06 年全国卷 2） 南柯子 王炎 山冥去阴重，天寒雨意浓。数枝幽艳湿啼红。莫为惜花惆怅对东风。蓑笠朝朝出，沟塍处处通。人间辛苦是三农。要得一犁水足望年丰。 注 三农：指春耕、夏耘、秋收。 （2）试分析下阙的内容，以及作者在词中所抒发的思相感情。 答：描写了农民不避风雨、辛勤劳作的生活，发出了“人间辛苦是三农”的感叹，（步骤一） （因为没有什么特别的表达技巧，所以步骤二跳过）表达了农民盼望风调雨顺、五谷丰登的心情。 （步骤三） 再如：阅读下面一首唐诗，然后回答问题。 （8 分） （05 年全国卷 2） 邯郸冬
9、至夜思家白居易 邯郸驿里逢冬至，抱膝灯前影伴身。想得家中夜深坐，还应说着远行人。 注 冬至：二十四节气 之一，唐朝时是一个重要节日。 （2）作者是怎样写“思家”的？ 答：冬至夜深时分，家人还围坐在灯前，谈论着自己这个远行之人， （步骤一）作者主要是通过这幅想像的画面， （步骤二）来表现“思家”的。 （步骤三题目已经说明情感） （想像 1 分，画面描绘 2 分） 第七种模式评价题型 提问方式：评价题是先列举出一首或几首诗词，再引用一段古代诗词评论家或后世人对诗词特点的评论语，要求你先判断这个评论是否正确，是否合理，然后阐明理由。这种题型酷似政史考试中的判断说理题。其实这类题型只是前六类题型的变体
10、，没有直接提出问题，需要学生自己分析问的是来源:学* 科*网内容、主旨，还是表达技巧，然后结合问题和诗歌进行恰当的表述。 答题思路： （1）认真审题 （2）深入阅读理解诗词 （3）结合 诗歌内容，结合评论答题 答题注意：紧扣诗文内容，点面结合地分析；阐明理由时，紧扣评论关键词 答题示例： 赤壁 杜牧 折戟沉沙铁未销，自将磨洗认前朝。东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。 有人曾引“一粒沙里见世界，半瓣花上说人情 ”来概括这首诗的艺术特色。你同意这种观点吗？请作简要说明 分析：这是一首典型的诗词评价题型。诗歌本意很明了，但命题者借用西方一句诗来概括其艺术特色，回答时思维要稍稍转个弯。所谓“一粒沙里见世
11、界，半瓣花上说人情” ，就是以小见大，管中窥豹的写法。本文借出土的文物- 折戟和吴国二女-二乔来展现三国时期的政治风云变幻。 答案参考：这是一首咏史诗，抒发的是对国家兴亡的感慨，可谓大内容，大主题，但诗人却通过 “小物” “小事”来表现的。诗由一个小小的文物“折戟” ，联想到汉未分裂动荡的年代，想到赤壁大战中的英雄人物，可谓说是“一粒沙里见世界” 。后两句把“二乔”不曾被捉这件小事与东吴霸业、三国鼎立的大主题联系起来，写得具体可感，有情味，有风韵，可谓 “半瓣花上说人情” 。 “养套杀”吴 莫愁 式快速提分三部曲：养眼，高频考点、答案词，应试技巧及其关联暗示点的串联与并联密码套用，建模套用做题
12、，模拟题与真题整体答题三点式套用法则秒杀，5 秒秒杀答案，无瑕疵迅捷提分（满分）VIP 体系2014 吴军高考英语“ 三天三夜 ”迅捷提分秘术完形填空 DNA 解密艺考生、体考生的救命稻草！突破 130 分，快速提高 30 分的锦囊妙计！速度与激情，2014 年吴军高分英语有重大突破! 甄教案，真高分！完形思路“疯狂”创新范本，“无人牵引解决方案”全面落实! 2011 年的高分密码，2012 年的高频答案词，2013 年的秒杀秘术，完成了迅捷提分的通路，大家通过记住 600-800 个高频单词就完成了 3 天提分的梦想!但有些同学，虽然记住了单词，到完形整篇文章做题时，不会运用，甚至可能遇到
13、2-3个高频答案词同时出现，而自己又不会翻译，这时提分的幅度就会大打折扣！今天吴军老师总结了 139 个暗示点（600-800 个单词的语境串联与并联） ，将 20 年内高考真题或模拟题内全部高频词汇进行了汇总，通过语境串联及并联的方式，彻底解决了您“记不住单词” ，尤其是“不会运用”的问题，让各种答题技巧，高频考点，单词记忆法及生硬的高频答案词不再受宠! 以后妈妈再也不用担心你的学习了,so easy! 左手拿着“吴军高分英语 ”打火机，右手拿着高考真题及模拟题，哪里不会点哪里,.! 名师吴军暗示点 1 相同的、类似的 / 不同的（答案解析详见购买的自学教案，此处省略）same simila
14、r different / various / separate / alone / apart / notbut / change(able)difference / similarity（betweenand）/ a variety of / a range of-2013 江苏卷I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us 36 chasing the same thing.One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell 37 . I fou
15、nd myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56.36. A. separately B. equally C. violently D. naturally37. A. off B. apart C. over D. out2013 浙江卷I love how peole 37 seem so different, but end up being so 38 . The most valuabe lesson I gain from studying in France wasnt just to respect the French
16、 people 39 to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. 38. A. generous B. independent C. similar D. distant2012 上海卷The degree of _60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who i
17、s from the same country rather than a foreigner. 60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact2013 江苏卷They dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began 45 around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a 46 American Dreamnot the one of individual achievement but of 47 .46. A
18、. wild B. real C. different D. remote【2013 新课标 II 卷】 It runs in the 33 .Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the 34 .A pair of gloves may be a 35 thing, but it can make a big difference in winter.34.A.honor B. pain C. same D. cold201
19、3 四川卷But she is so 23 that she never lets anyone put her down. “You shouldnt 24 what people say about what you look like because were not different from anyone else, Holly,” she 25 me. “And you dont need to wear a scarf because you look great 26 it!” For the first time in my life I could speak to so
20、meone whod been through something 27 . So weeks later, at my 13th birthday party, 28 by her bravery, I gave up my scarf and showed off my scars. It felt amazing not having to 29 away behind my scarf.27. A. similar B. strange C. hard D. important2005 重庆卷Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trams, or
21、 even cars can be a terrible trouble especially when they are insects. As for this, there is a great _36_ between human beings and insects.36. A. connection B. difference C. communication D. similarity 2000 北京春季卷I can read and write as well as anyone else my age, and I can think better. Thats probab
22、ly a real big _24_ between the free school and regular school ?the amount of _25_. 24. A. problem B. chance C. difference D. change名师吴军暗示点 2（答案解析详见购买的自学教案，此处省略）结论性动词: show / suggest / find / prove / decide / see结论性情态动词: can /could结论性时态及从句连接词：完成时, 过去时, how，why 及转折关系 but, though, however。结论性形容词或副词: (1
23、).so / therefore / accordingly / as a result / finally（eventually 最后) / satisfied / proud 看到 can 和 want to 一般要填 because, so 或 if。另 sothat (can)搭配！Im washing a dogs hurt leg. I work carefully, because I want to make sure I dont do anything to hurt him. I wish they could understand that were just tryi
24、ng to help them. They asked if he wanted to go home. But Bozo said no. so the fishermen wished Bozo well and left him alone again-just as his father had eighty-four years before. It can also influence the way we behave with our families. so how do we deal with our problems ? There are many ways and
25、here is one of them. (2).Sure(ly) / certain(ly) / of course / indeed / actual(ly) =in fact, really, truly(3).obvious = clear =apparent 明显的 / obviously =clearly =apparently(4).surprised/amazed/surprising(ly) =amazing(ly), shocked ,astonished 震惊的 Most people on this island are recreational fishers，and
26、 obviously，fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.Im not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a clear imagination.-2013 重庆卷Since then, Joe started 45 . Though he never made it to the top, his math teacher was always 46 and curious about the change: Why had that storm
27、y day changed Joe?46.A. worried B. amazed C. friendly D. cautious 2013 安徽卷Learning a new language is never _53_. But with some work and devotion, youll make progress. And youll be _54_ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in _55_ own language. Good luck!54. A. blamed
28、 B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed【2013 广东 A 卷】Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too.For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs an
29、d you remove one,the bird will not 3 .However,if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three.Another interesting experiment showed a birds 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always l
30、eft when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 .He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird.The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then
31、 with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.2.A. Importantly B.Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately6. A.amazing B.annoying C.satisfying D.disturbin
32、g12.A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally2013 浙江卷I left France with many 34 , so when people ask me what my favorite part of the trip was, they are always 35 to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends 36 France
33、we enjoyed together. 35. A. surprised B. disturbed C. embarrassed D. concerned2013 山东卷Every time I came into her room, she was so 48 because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never 49 her, so I took her place. She let me 50 that making others feel good make me feel good, too, when sh
34、e died, I was 51 , but I was very grateful to her. 50. A. explain B. guess C. declare D. see2013 湖南卷I ran to _43_ behind a big tree in our yard at once. After a while, I was _44_ the girls had passed by. I dashed to the front door and banged on it loudly. 44. A. sure B. proud C. eager D. curious2012
35、 湖北卷Happy as a child, I got on the bicycle and headed out onto the streets. After some time, I 37 at the other end of the town. I was 38 that this simple vehicle could let me 39 long distances in a fairly short time. But how 40 did I really go?38.A. amazed B. amused C. confused D. concerned2012 北京卷I
36、 believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually _44_ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shaking with excitement.45.A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished2012 广
37、东卷However, some people argue that rules may be _14_, having observed that rules change all the time, and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones so who is to _15_ what is right ?15. A. predict B. explain C. decide D. consider2011 湖北卷Jasmina never got the chance to do i
38、t,” says Maja, now 32, “so I 34 that someday Id do it for her.34. A. pretended B. decided C. perfected D. agreed 2001 全国卷Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman was _14_ and was a remaining link with the prehistoric humans. But, _15_, no evidence has ever_16_been produced.16. A. rightly B
39、. actually C. normally D. particularly2003 安徽春季卷He went to the clerk to _14_ his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket with_15_. “Why, sir, but your flight was at nine oclock in the morning, and _16_ it is eight in the evening.”15. A. astonishment B. patience C. respect D. delight 2003 全国卷I played
40、a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most _1_ and tiring games Ive ever had. When Ed first phoned and _2_ we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an _3_ victory.1. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular2004 上海卷The law of over learning explains why crammin
41、g for an examination, _62_ it may result in a passing grade, is not a _63_way to learn a school course.63. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. swift2002 全国卷He burst out laughing and said, “Why, you fool, he used his _17_ and asked for them. Ive been _18_ that on all my customers today, but
42、 I knew _19_ Id catch you.” ”Why is that?” I asked.19. A. for sure B. at once C. in fact D. right now1998 全国卷It seemed that there was _13_ suitable work for him. So he _14_ to join the army. Mrs. Fant was so _15_ about this that she told the _16_ to all her neighbours.14. A. began B. promised C. man
43、aged D. decided1997 全国卷Just _18_, Todd saw the headlights coming at him and a car pulled in for _19_. There it was, a white Ford. He saw the _20_, LJR 1939. “What should I do?” Todd had to make a quick _21_. “Yes, sir?” Todd _22_ while making up his mind for sure. 21. A. decision B. call C. movement
44、 D. remark1994 全国卷Now he was _8_ he could do _9_ only a balancing pole. Philippe walked his way across, a _10_ of 131 feet.8. A. sure B. uncertain C. glad D. nervous1992 全国卷In 1964, a Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman was _14_ and was a remaining link with the prehistoric humans. Bu
45、t, _15_, no evidence has ever _16_ been produced.16. A. rightly B. actually C. normally D. particularly名师吴军瞻前顾后点破法一 正向、负向和中性及方向逻辑！1.方向: fall in love with （下） ；hit hit the roof （上） ；The wind had picked up . （起=上） 。In order to make the work easier,I climbed over the window and stood _47_ the window .4
46、7. A.inside B.by C.outside D.beside方向暗示关键词 over：结束；正上方；越过（eg：overcome 克服 =get over） ；翻转（eg：Joe kicked 踢 the chair over。Joe 把椅子踢翻） 。我越过（ over）窗户，所以应该是站在窗户外面，故用 outside。2.正负: 正: 积极的，肯定的（excited, improve, progress 等）; 负：祁使句，否定句，否定词，绝对词（be careful! He didnt go. never, seldom, no, nothing, little, few; a
47、lways, only, all, any, every, the whole, must, completely 等.）2013 江西卷Diane Ray was completely self-centered and very spoilt. Her parents gave her 36 she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾气) if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always 38 .38. A. set out B. set in C. gave in D. gave out38 C。她一耍小孩脾气，她的父母总是屈服、让步（gave in） 。set out 开始，出发；set in 以 为背景；gave out 分发，用完。2011浙江卷He led me 35 t
