1、新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第二套12014年职称英语理工类B级全真模拟试题(二)第一部分：词汇选项 (第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1. They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.A possibility B necessity C ability D probability2. The leaves have been
2、swept into huge heaps.A loads B layers C pyramids D piles3. Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A advised B caused C forced D promised4. The manager gave us the identical cottage each summer.A temporary B similar C same D attractive5. The earth moves around the sun.A before B round C after D o
3、ver6. I dont quite follow what she is saying.A observe B understand C explain D describe7. Gambling is lawful in Nevada.A enjoyable B irresistible C legal D profitable8. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A extends B stretches C broadens D bends9. Many economists have given in t
4、o the fatal lure of mathematicsA error B puzzle C attraction D contradiction10. While we dont agree , we continue to be friends.A Because B Where C Although D Whatever11. Im content with the way the campaign has gone.A tied B satisfied C filled D concerned12. This table is strong and durable.A long-
5、lasting B extensive C far-reaching D eternal新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第二套213. He endured agonies before he finally expired.A fired B resigned C died D retreated14. For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.A really B basically C fundamentally D completely15. The dentist has decided to e
6、xtract her bad tooth.A take out B repair C push in D dig第二部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。ADolphinandanAstronomerOne day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were pl
7、ayinga little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphinscommunicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several ofthese friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him andhad turn
8、ed on his back.The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twicebefore. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up throughthe water and made a sound just like the word “more“. The astonished astronomer went to thedirector
9、 of the institute and told him about the incident. “Oh, yes. Thats one of the words heknows,“ the director said, showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it hasbeen known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What
10、is more, these soundsseem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much fasterand much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal withsound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that do
11、lphins havea “language“, in the real sense of the word? Scientists dont agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure andwhat we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第
12、二套3example, the two questions “Who loves Mary? “ and “Who does Mary love? “mean very differentthings. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesnt come from the wordsin the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question “Can dolphins speak?“ cant b
13、e answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in agrammatical order which affects their meaning.16 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sa
14、gan was too near the water.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18 Parts of the dolphins brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds ofsound.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20 Dolphins travel faste
15、r in water than any other animals.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句
16、子 (第2330题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。EnglishandEnglishCommunity1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English todaymake up the largest speech community in the world with
17、 the exception of speakers of Chinese.2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up thecommunity share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第二套4(街坊), a village, or a city. More often they for
18、m a whole country. National boundaries, however,are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is anygroup of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech communit
19、y. Forconvenience (方便), we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers useEnglish as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a secondlanguage for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4 Learning a second language extends ones vision and
20、expands the mind. The history andliterature of a second language record the real and fictional (虚构的) lives of people and theirculture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. LearningEnglish as a second language provides another means of communication through
21、which thewindow of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.23 Paragraph 1_24 Paragraph 2_25 Paragraph 3_26 Paragraph 4_27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of_.28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different from_.29 People who live in different plac
22、es may belong to_.30 Many people learn English as_.第四部分：阅读理解 (第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。A ThreatPosed byEnglishB Definitionof aSpeechCommunityC Benefitsof Learninga SecondLanguageD AdvantagesofLearningChineseE TwoGroupsoftheEnglishSpe
23、echCommunityF A WidelyUsedLanguageA a secondlanguageB thesamelanguageC thesamespeechcommunityD anyotherlanguageE nationalboundariesF a partofonesheritage新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第二套5第一篇 AVerySlowRideThe surface of the earth may seem very stable to you. But you might be amazed if you knewsome of
24、the things that are going on under that surface.The earth has an outer shell of rigid pieces called tectonic plates （地壳构造板块）. Theplates include both ocean floor and dry land. Some have whole continents on top of them. Thecontinents on top of the plates are just going along for a slow ride，moving onl
25、y about four inchesper year. But even this small movement causes three types of big interactions.One type is ocean ridges. These ridges develop in places where two plates are moving awayfrom each other. As the plates separate，hot magma（岩浆）flows up to fill the space. New crust（地壳）builds up on the pla
26、te boundaries and causes ocean ridges. These ridges form longmountain ranges，which only rise above the ocean surface in a few places.Another type of reaction-trenches-occurs between two plates that are moving toward eachother. As the plates meet，one bends downward and plunges underneath the other .T
27、his forms deepocean trenches. The Marianas Trench off Guam in the western Pacific Ocean has a depth of morethan 36，000 feet. This is the lowest point on the ocean floor. If the leading edges of the twocolliding plates carry continents，then the layers of rock in the overriding plate crumple（变皱）and fo
28、ld. A plate that carried what is now India collided with the southern edge of the plate thatcarried Europe and most of Asia. This caused the Himalayas，the worlds highest mountains.The third reaction is transform faults（转换断层）. These faults occur where two plates thatare traveling in opposite directio
29、ns slide past each other. Severe earthquakes can occur. The SanAndreas Fault in California is a good example of this type of movement.31 The word “stable“（paragraph 1）means_A “a place for horses“.B “calm and easygoing“.C “steady or firm“.D “a collection of animals“.32 To explain the effect of trench
30、es，the writer gives the example of_A the sea floor in the Atlantic Ocean.B the Himalayan Mountains.C Europe.新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第二套6D India.33 The San Andreas Fault is an example of _A a severe earthquake.B a California rock formation.C two plates moving apart.D two plates sliding past each
31、 other.34 According to the passage，the earth is_A always changing.B becoming smaller.C moving faster.D getting hotter.35 This passage is mostly about _A effects of movements of the earths plates.B different types of continents.C the Marianas Trench.D transform faults.第二篇 SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgoIf
32、 you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer orEugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history.Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for theiraccounts of journ
33、eys to strange and exotic locales.One of the earliest travel writers, a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo, livedaround the time of Christ. Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Seawest to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia, he also used details gleaned from other w
34、riters to extendand enliven his accounts. His multivolumed work Geography provides the only surviving accountof the cities, peoples, customs, and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of histime.Two other classic travel writers, the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, liv
35、edin roughly the same time period. Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第二套7A. D. 1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years, visiting several other countries during his travels.When Marco returned to Italy he dictated his memoirs, including stories
36、 he had heard from others,to a scribe, with the resulting book Il milione being an instant success. Though difficult to attest tothe accuracy of all he says, Marcos book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages ofexploration.Ibn Battutahs interest in travel began on his required Muslim journe
37、y to Mecca in 1325, andduring his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway. His travel bookthe Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys, court intrigues, and even the effect of theBlack Death in the various lands he visited. In almost 30 years of traveling it
38、is estimated that IbnBattutah covered more than 75, 000 miles.36 This passage is mostly about_.A why people find travel writing excitingB the literary style of three early travel writersC where three early travel writers went and wrote aboutD how to write a travel book37 Ibn Battutah traveled_.A to
39、ChinaB to EthiopiaC throughout the Muslim worldD for 16 or 17 years38 The books of the three writers were popular because_.A they listed good places to stayB they told of strange and exotic localesC they explained the best routes to get to placesD all of their stories were firsthand accounts39 The o
40、verall organization of this passage is through_.A chronological orderB spatial descriptionC travel writers personal narrativesD persuasive details新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第二套840 In this passage attest means to_.A give an examination toB draw a map ofC tell lies toD give proof of第三篇 EattoLiveA me
41、ager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might noteven be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont startto diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside havefound that so
42、me of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when themouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wontreverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs orget rid of toxins.Spindlers team fed t
43、hree mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three onhalf-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month whenthey were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, a
44、nd found that46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things likeinflammation and free radical productionprobably bad news for mouse health. In the mice thathad dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the mostsurpri
45、sing finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes.“This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner fromthe National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C.No one yet knows if calorie r
46、estriction works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler ishopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we getolder, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs
47、, for example. A brief period of time of新东方在线 2014年职称英语全真模拟试题 理工类B级_第二套9dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longerbut theyre hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does,
48、its still hard to go to a restaurant andsay: I can only eat half of that. ”Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics inCalifornia, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.41 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.C Dieting might not be needed.D We have to begin dieting from childhood.42 Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?A To desc
