1、 1 / 212004 年 5 月英语三级笔译实务试题 Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) ( 60 points)Parents are required by law to see that their children receive full-time education, at school orelsewhere, between the ages of 5 and 16 in England, Scotland and Wales and 4 and 16 in Northern Ireland. About 93 percen
2、t of pupils receive free education from public funds, while the others attend independent schools financed by fees paid by parents. Many, aged 34 years, children attend nursery schools and classes (or, in England, reception classes in primary schools). Pre-school education may also be provided in so
3、me private day nurseries and pre-school playgroups (which are largely organized by parents). The Government has stated its commitment to a major expansion of pre-school education and wants all children to begin school with a basic foundation in literacy and numeracy. From September 1998 it is provid
4、ing free nursery education in England and Wales for all 4 year olds whose parents want it, and is committed to staged targets for provision for 3 year olds thereafter. Local education authorities, in partnership with private and voluntary providers, have drawn up “early years development plans” for
5、securing these objectives. The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools can best serve the interests of children and their parents. From April 1999, early years development partnerships and plans will be expanded to deliver quality childcare integ
6、rated with early education. In addition, the Government is working with local authorities and others in England to establish “early excellence centers” designed to demonstrate good practice in education and childcare. In Scotland, local education authorities have been taking the leading role, from A
7、ugust 1998, in planning and co-ordinating pre-school education and in providing places, working in partnership with voluntary and private providers. The Government planned to give all children in the pre-school year access to quality, part-time education by the winter of 1998. Northern Ireland has a
8、 lower compulsory school age of 4 and a single school entry date in September each year. A pre-school education expansion programme, undertaken through partnership between the education and library boards, other statutory providers and the private and voluntary sectors, has provided additional pre-s
9、chool places. Section 2 Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points) 向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。 “我已有多年没有写诗了， ”她微笑说，“可是我还是爱读好诗。 ” 冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并被学生会任命负责宣传工作。她
10、写了诗歌、文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。 她在 1923 年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，2 / 21就是寄小读者 。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。 答案部分：Part 1 英译汉 (60 分) 按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己的孩子在 5 岁至 16 岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱尔兰则为 4 岁至 16 岁。大约 93%的学生享受公家提供经费的免费教育，其他学生上独立学校，这种学校
11、靠学生家长缴费来筹措经费。 许多三、四岁的孩子上幼儿园和幼儿班（在英格兰还有小学校里的小班） 。某些民办的日托幼儿园和学前游戏小组（大都是家长组织的）也提供学前教育。 政府已作出承诺，要大力发展学前教育，使所有的儿童在开始上学的时候在识字和识数方面都有一点基础。在英格兰和威尔士，政府从 1998 年 9 月开始为所有 4 岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育，如果他们的父母需要的话。政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。为达到这些目标，地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出“早期教育发展计划”。制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长
12、服务。从 1999 年 4 月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。此外，政府还在英格兰与地方当局以及其它部门合作建立“优秀早期教育中心”，以展示教育与儿童保健方面的好的做法。 在苏格兰，地方教育当局一直领导这方面的工作。1998 年 8 月以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。政府计划在 1998 年冬季前使所有的儿童在上学前一年享受到良好的非全日制教育。 北爱尔兰义务教育入学年龄较低，为 4 岁，每年 9 月学生按统一日期入学。一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已
13、经增加了学前教育学生的名额。Part 2 汉译英(40 分) It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xins house，I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I havent wr
14、itten poetry for many years,” she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.” Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a womens college in Beijing in 1919，an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the
15、May 4th Movement，a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems，articles and stories，attacking imperialism and feudalis
16、m in its various forms. Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature，she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame，not only because she was a woman writer，but also because of the noble
17、 sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xins writings that started them on the road they have since followed. 3 / 212006 年 5 月人事部三级笔译真题第一部分 英译汉Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a vill
18、age of 457 on Russias northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year.“It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing.“ For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changi
19、ng climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and danger
20、s for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untou
21、ched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each
22、one.Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, Norways northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter
23、 as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too. “The reindeer are becoming unhappy,“ said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protectin
24、g the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to
25、 change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.“The people who are making the decisions,
26、 they are living in the south and they are living in towns,“ said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. “They dont mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it.“4 / 21A push to develop the North, quickened by the melti
27、ng of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to
28、 markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.第二部分 汉译英维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。 中国与
29、世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。2006 年 11 月人事部三级笔译真
30、题第一部分 英译汉Faced with growing evidence that avian influenza is spreading in birds, the World Health Organization on Wednesday signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche Holding to build up its stockpile of medicines in case of a pandemic in humans.Under the agreement, Roche will r
31、eserve three million treatments of its Tamiflu antiviral medicine for use by the UN agency in case of a worldwide human pandemic of avian flu.“Its just enough to deal with an initial outbreak,“ said Jong-Wook Lee, director-general of the WHO. “But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pande
32、mic.“5 / 21The agency says only 57 people in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia have died, mainly from contact with infected birds. The virus has killed millions of chickens and led to preventive culling across Asia since late 2003.Sustained human-to-human infection has not yet been recorded.
33、But the World Health Organization warns that bird flu, which first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997, could mutate genetically, making it easier for humans to catch and transmit the disease among themselves.Signs the disease has spread recently to birds in Siberia and Kazakhstan are adding to concerns,
34、the WHO says. A panel of European Union experts will convene Thursday in Brussels to discuss measures to prevent the spread of bird deaths to European poultry.When asked whether he thought a widespread outbreak in humans was imminent, Lee said: “We dont know when it will come. But it would be hugely
35、 irresponsible if the WHO and member states did not take preventive measures now.“Roche declined to give figures for its stockpiles of Tamiflu.A spokeswoman for the company, Martina Rupp, said it took from 12 to 18 months to deliver the drug after an order was placed- a relatively long time due to a
36、 complicated production process.第二部分 汉译英年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。从 1978 年至年的年间，中国经济年均增长。年前，中国年国内生产总值为亿美元，去年已达到多亿美元。年前，中国年进出口贸易总额为亿美元，去年已达到亿美元。年前，中国外汇储备为亿美元，去年已达到亿美元。目前，中国经济总量居世界第六，进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化，最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路
37、，始终坚持改革开放，激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达，发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破美元，但仍排6 / 21在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。我们已经明确了本世纪头年的奋斗目标，这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到年实现国内生产总值比年翻两番，达到万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。2007 年 5
38、 月人事部三级笔译真题第一部分 英译汉It took nine years from the time the Danish and Swedish governments agreed to build a fixed link between their countries to the time the first car, train, truck and bicyclists crossed the Oresund Bridge.Construction of the bridge, including design and cornerstone, began in March 1
39、991 and was completed in July 2000. Today, it is the longest stone-stayed road and rail bridge in the world. At approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers), including the tunnel, it is an engineering and architectural marvel. But as time has proven, the bridge is a cultural and economic boon as well. The
40、 sleek span of concrete whose design typifies Scandinavian minimalism has contributed greatly to the development of the Oresund region: the eastern part of Denmark, including Copenhagen, and the southwestern part of Sweden, including Malm and Lund.The level of commuting between Malm and Copenhagen h
41、as quadrupled since the opening of the bridge in 2000, and the number of Danes moving to the south of Sweden has increased sixfold. The Oresund region has become a cultural and economic powerhouse, considered a model region by the European Union.Work on the bridge began in 1995, and was undertaken b
42、y a team of international consulting and construction companies.From the beginning, construction of the bridge complied with some of the worlds toughest environmental regulations, as well as many advanced design and construction details. The Mexico-based CEMEX, one of the worlds largest producers of
43、 Cement and ready-mix concrete, was awarded a contract to deliver tons of high-quality cement to help build the main part of the bridge, the two approach bridges and the tunnel.When it opened in July 2000, the Oresund Bridge consisted of a 3.5-kilometer immersed tunnel, the largest of its kind in th
44、e world, a 4-kilometer long artificial island (made from mud dug out from the bottom of strait to make 7 / 21space for the tunnel) and a 7.8-kilometer cable-stayed bridge, the worlds longest bridge including both a highway and a railroad.Though just half of the total construction, the actual bridge
45、span, is visible above water, the overall architecture was designed to please the eye from both the Danish and Swedish sides of the strait.The four 204-meter (670 feet) tall pillars carrying the bridge have a simple Scandinavian design. To drivers and passengers crossing the bridge, the pillars prov
46、ide a visual, as well as actual, impression of stability and calm.The two-level structure is made of steel and concrete. Along tile two approach bridges, tracks are piaced in concrete troughs that turn into steel decks on the bridge. The bridges upper deck carries cars and trucks, while the lower de
47、ck accommodates the railroad. The four pillars are grounded in giant cement boxes placed at the bottom of the strait, about 18 meters below sea level.Last year, an average of 13,600 vehicles and 17,000 passengers crossed the bridge everyday, and traffic continues to increase by 10-20 percent every y
48、ear.Throughout the construction process, the Danish and Swedish environmental agencies have surveyed but found no changes in the wildlife, birds, fish and vegetation surrounding the bridge. In addition, the chemicals used in construction and the percentage of waste materials have been kept to a mini
49、mum, as required by both Danish and Swedish laws.In 2003, the Oresund Bridge won the IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) Outstanding Structural Award for its innovative design, planning and construction management, as well as its strict compliance with the time schedule, budget and environmental requirements.第二部分 汉译英能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。过去 100 多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客
