1、12019 年教师招聘英语学科专业知识考点梳理第一部分 词法考点十一 情态动词一、情态动词的用法1. can 用法 表示能力，与 be able to 同义，但 can 只用于现在时和过去时，be able to 可用于各种时态。 I can do it on myself.注：Can you ? Yes, I can / No,I cant. 表示允许、请求，用 could 比 can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于 could I /you ?句型中，若表示同意时，用can 回答而不用 could。Could I borrow the book ? Yes, you can. /No, you
2、cant . 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中（cant 表示一定不是）Can it be true ? 会是真的吗？It cant be true. 不可能是真的。2. may 用法 表示许可或征求对方的许可（=can），常与第一人称连用。 May I .? Yes, you may. /Yes, please.No, you cant / mustnt . 表推测，意为“可能、也许”。常用于肯定句中。 Maybe he knows the news .= He may know the news. 3. must 用法 表示义务，意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must d
3、o everything step by step. 2Must I .? Yes, you must / No, you neednt(dont have to ). mustnt 表禁止、不允许。 You mustnt talk to her like that. 表示推测，意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中 must 改为 can。He must be ill. He looks so pale. Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 4.need 用法 need 既可用作情态动
4、词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。 Need I .? Yes , you must / No, you neednt . need + do sth . 变否定句： neednt do sth 变疑问句：Need sb do sth ? 用作实义动词 need + to do sth . We need to buy some school things.变否定句：dont /doesnt /didnt +need to do sth. 变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need
5、to sth ? Yes , do/ does / did No, sb dont / doesnt /didnt . 当主语是物时，sth + need + doing sth = sth +need to be done . The table needs painting . =The table needs to be repaired. 5.had better 用法 had better + 动词原形 = Its best to do sth . 最好做某事had better not +动词原形 最好不要做某事We had better not play the computer
6、 games . 6.must 与 have to 用法3一般情况下，两者可互换。 must = have to must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。（内在原因； have to 意为“必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）。 7. shall 用法shall 用于第一、第三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示Shall we begin our lesson? shall 用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁、规定、必然性。He shall be punished.（威胁）All p
7、ayments shall be made in cash. (规定)8.should 用法表示责任或义务，意为“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用。You should（= ought to）tell your mother about it at once. 表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常译为“可能”They should be home by now, I think. 用在 suggest，propose, arrange, plan, decide, advise, order, demand, request, desi
8、re, insist 等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中，要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为（should）do，这里的 should 也可以省略。I suggest that you （should ）have enough rest before the exam. 9.ought to 用法表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”=should。如：You ought to be stricter with him. 表示推测，意为“可能”，“应该” 。He ought to be home by now. 二、情态动词后跟完成式的用法 1
9、.can / could + have done4在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上没有做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. He cant have been to that town.Can he have got the book?2.may / might + have done 表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。might 所表示的可能性比 may 小。He may not have finished
10、the work .3.must + have done用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用 can，cant 代替。 You must have seen the film Titanic.He must have been to Shanghai.4.should + have done用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。He should have finished the work by now。表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与 ought to + have done 互换。You ought t
11、o / should have helped him. (but you didnt.)She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5.need +have done 表示“本需要做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.考点十二 非谓语动词一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式作宾语5在动词 want ,hope,would like,decide,wish
12、, choose,try ,need 等后常用动词不定式作宾语。I hope to hear from you soon . 【惯用句式】think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth He found it difficult to get to sleep. stop to do sth / stop doing sth stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 After working for a long time , He has to stop to have a rest . He was
13、 very tired , so he had to stop working.2.动词不定式作宾补带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有： ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth Please ask him to come quickly. 省掉 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 【注意】省掉 to 的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原 to . He made the baby stop crying . T
14、he baby was made to stop crying. 3.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 常用 it 作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。 To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth To get an injection is a little painful . It is a little painful to get an injection 4.动词不定式作定语 6动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后 Please give me something to drink. 【注意
15、】若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。 I want a pen to write with. 5.动词不定式与疑问词连用 疑问词+ to do sth 在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sthCan you tell me how I can get to the hospital ? Can you tell me how to get to the hospital. 6.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式可作目的状语 He came here to get his book. 动词不定式可作原因状语 表语形容词（sorry/sad/
16、happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语 He was glad to see his wife. 动词不定式可作结果状语 He returned home to find his father dead. 7.动词不定式作表语 be + to do sth 注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。 Her wish is to become a doctor . =To become a doctor is her wish . 8.动词不定式的否定形式 在动词不定式的前面加 not . He told me not to stay
17、 here . 二、动名词 1.动名词作主语动名词可以在句中作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。7Playing with fire is dangerous. 2.动名词作表语动名词可以在句中作表语，此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。 My hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is my hobby.3.动名词作定语动名词作定语，一般表示用途。There are a lot of swimming pools in the city. 4.动名词作宾语I enjoy listening to music. He is fond of play
18、ing basketball. 【注意】need, want, require, deserve,demand 作“需要 ”讲时，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。The flowers need watering/to be watered. 5.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构。Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.I would appreciate your calling back
19、this afternoon三、现在分词 1.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。 A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepingDid you know the man talking to Mr Li?= Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li? 2.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作,此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语。Seeing the police, he made
20、a run for the exit. 8He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.3.现在分词作宾补宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者Soon they could see the sun rising from the east. 4.现在分词作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征, 如 amusing, interesting, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等The story is quite interesting. 这个故事很有趣。四、过
21、去分词 1.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语已经形容词化The window is broken. 2.过去分词作定语单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。 fallen leavesHave you ever read any books written by Luxun? =Have you ever read any books that were written by Luxun? 3.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、原因和伴随状语，表示被动的和完成的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语。Given more time, we would certainly have finished the job much better. The professor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students.4.过去分词的作宾补宾语与作宾补的过去分词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.9
