1、课时作业(二十一) 选修 Unit 21 Human Biology授课提示：对应学生用书第 345 页课时练(一) 阅读理解提速练 练速度(限时：35 分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019湖南衡阳联考Tricks of the TradeHere are some of the ways companies try to get you to buy their products. See if you can spot any of them t
2、he next time you watch an ad.What a Character! Companies often use mascots to sell their products. A memorable mascot like a rabbit that loves cereal makes you immediately think of the product.Convincing Colors： Many foods come in brightly colored packaging meant to grab your attention. Different co
3、lors can create different feelings. For example, research shows that red and yellow can make you hungry.Name That Tune: Have you ever had a song from a commercial stuck in your head? Companies create catchy jingles and slogans to make sure you dont forget their products.Making Your Mouth Water: Have
4、 you noticed that food in commercials often looks better than it does in real life? Thats because advertisers hire people called food stylists to make burgers look extra juicy and chips extra crispy.Star Power: Companies pay actors, athletes, and singers to promote their products. The idea is that p
5、eople will want to eat and drink the same products as the celebrities they admire.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种公司使顾客买其产品的秘诀。【亮点句积累】 Thats because advertisers hire people called food stylists to make burgers look extra juicy and chips extra crispy.译文：这是因为广告商雇用了叫做食品设计师的人，让汉堡看起来格外多汁，薯条则格外脆。【词汇积累】 trick n秘诀
6、；诡计；窍门 spot v发现 convincing adj.令人信服的 think of 想到1In the first trick, what do companies try to associate their products with?ATrademarks. B Mascots.C Logos. DSymbols.答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据“Companies often use mascots to sell their products.”可知，第一个秘诀讲述了公司经常将吉祥物与他们的产品联系起来。故正确答案为 B。2Research shows that the c
7、olor yellow can _.Aincrease a persons appetiteB inspire a persons imaginationC sharpen a persons eyesightDmotivate a persons creativity答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据 “research shows that red and yellow can make you hungry”可知，研究表明，红色和黄色会让你觉得饥饿，从而增进食欲。故正确答案为 A。3Food stylists try to promote the food by taking advan
8、tage of a persons sense of _.Ahearing BtouchC. sight D. smell 答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据“Thats because advertisers hire people called food stylists to make burgers look extra juicy and chips extra crispy.”可推知，食品设计师利用人们的视觉来推销食品。故正确答案为 C。B2019东北三省四市模拟Kyle is my big brother. For eighteen years, I felt that Kyle
9、 was my enemy. In fact, I found it ridiculous that people thought older brothers looked out for their sisters, protected them and fought off their sisters bullies. Huh? My brother was the bully (忖强凌弱者)When we were little, his fights with others caused my only black eye, cuts in my lips and even a no
10、sebleed or two. I often wished I were an only child!Time flew. We ended up attending colleges two thousand miles apart, yet, strangely, thats when we began communicating. Through email, we kept in constant touch. Mostly I complained about serious homesickness, impossible roommates, difficult classes
11、, and. dating. I felt I lost myself. At a particularly low time, I cried to Kyle about my injured confidence, my broken heart, and the particular jerk (蠢人) who broke it.And thats when the package arrived.“Whats this？” I thought as I tore into it. The box revealed a sweatshirt. “Phi Delta Theta? That
12、s Kyles frat (兄弟会) ”Kyle was the president of the frat house. Why would he send this? I put it aside and dug deeper. A pile of letters. And they were all addressed to me. I opened the one on top.“Katrina， ” it said, “your brother showed me your picture and I think youre awesome and beautiful.” I rol
13、led my eyes. “Yeah, sure.” I opened another letter. And another. Eighteen in all.Each one was from a different guy. They complimented (恭维) me. They invited me on dates. And they tried to convince me to make a trip out to Knox College and meet them.I loved it. I didnt care about the motive. And mostl
14、y, I loved the idea that my big brother had pulled it off. I picked up the phone.“Kyle, the box came and I cant believe what you did.” But Kyle wasnt accepting compliments. “Oh， ” he said, “I was just tired of reading your complaints.”Big brothers, I decided, really did protect their sisters. And mi
15、ne fought off the_biggest_bully Id ever met. Now I return to my true self, full of confidence.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和哥哥之间的手足之情。【长难句分析】 We ended up attending colleges two thousand miles apart, yet, strangely, thats when we began communicating. (第三段第二句)分析：这是一个并列复合句。yet 连接两个分句；第二个分句中，副词“strangely”作状语，
16、 “when we began communicating”是 when 引导的表语从句；that 指代第一个分句。Paraphrase(英英释义 )：At last we went to universities two thousand miles apart, but strangely enough, we started communicating.【词汇积累】 ridiculous adj.可笑的；荒谬的 impossible adj.难处理的，很难对付的 reveal v露出；展示 frat house大学生联谊会会堂 address sth. to sb.给某人寄某物4Why
17、did the author use to call Kyle her enemy?AHe had many fights with her.B He couldnt fight off her bullies.C He bullied her from time to time.DHis fights caused her to suffer a lot.答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第一、二段内容可知，作为哥哥，Kyle 十八年来并没有照顾作者。相反，他和别人打架，给作者造成了很多伤害，因此作者觉得他是敌人。故D 项正确。5Why did the frat guys write to
18、the author?AThey had mercy on her.B They tried to cheer her up.C They were struck by her beauty.DThey wanted to compliment her.答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句中的“I cried to Kyle about my injured confidence”可知，作者向哥哥诉说了自己的烦恼；根据第四至七段知，哥哥所在的兄弟会的伙伴写信称赞作者；再结合最后两段内容可知，兄弟会的伙伴给作者写信是为了帮助作者振作起来，重拾自信。故 B 项正确。6What does
19、 the underlined part in the last paragraph refer to?AMy selfdoubt.B. My homesickness.C The particular jerk.DThe challenging classes.答案与解析：A 考查指代判断。根据上文描述和最后一段最后一句可知，在哥哥和他的伙伴的帮助下，作者找回了自我并充满信心。再结合第三段内容可知，画线部分指作者缺乏自信，自我怀疑。故 A 项正确。7Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo share her childhoo
20、d experience.B To complain about her biggest bully.C To show her brothers protection for her.DTo introduce her adjustment to college life.答案与解析：C 考查写作意图。通读全文可知，作者写本文主要想表明哥哥对自己的保护，故 C 项正确。C2019惠州调研 In many ways, Providence Mount St. Vincent in Seattle is a typical senior living community. It is home
21、to about 400 elderly residents and provides them with different types of assistance. However, it is also the Intergenerational Learning Center a preschool where children and seniors have the chance to bond.Established in 1991, the ILCs purpose is to allow kids to learn about acceptance while they ar
22、e also being nurtured. It also aims to help seniors develop a greater sense of selfworth and strengthen social interactions. Babies to prekindergartenaged children are placed into six different classes at the ILC. The kids attend art and music classes, as well as story time and exercise time with th
23、e seniors. Marie Hoover, ILC director, said that interacting with the seniors has proven beneficial for the young ones, making them more openminded.“For the ILC children, interacting with the residents is simply part of their daytoday life here and the way aging is normalized， which may be the most
24、important benefit they receive， ” Hoover said. “Ive had parents call me years after their children have graduated from our program to let me know about some incidents when their child was the first to warmly greet someone who happened to be in a wheelchair.”As for the seniors, theyre delighted by th
25、e companionship the children provide. The children bring so much energy and joy to our residents. Many of the residents are widows or widowers and can become lonely. Their adult children may still be working, so they may not get to see them as often as they would like. Having the children stay with
26、the old makes our residents feel they are still part of a community. The young and the old connect and learn from one another at this_unique_facility.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个为老年人和孩子所设立的学习中心：ILC。【长难句分析】 Having the children stay with the old makes our residents feel they are still part of a community.
27、分析：本句中 Having the children stay with the old 为动名词短语作主语；they are still part of a community 为宾语从句。译文：孩子们和这些老年人待在一起使我们的(老年)居民感觉到他们依然是社区的一部分。8ILC is intended to _.Abuild a typical senior living communityB take good care of the childrenC benefit both the children and the seniorsDrid the seniors of loneli
28、ness答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the ILCs purpose is to allow kids to learn about acceptance while they are also being nurtured. It also aims to help seniors develop a greater sense of selfworth and strengthen social interactions”可知，ILC的宗旨是让老年人和孩子双方都受益，故选 C 项。9From what Hoover said in Para. 3, we can lear
29、n that the ILC children _.Akeep in touch with the seniors even if they have left the ILCB come to realize that aging is a normal part of lifeC take different attitudes to the elderly after graduationDthink it easy to interact with the elderly residents in the ILC答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For the ILC ch
30、ildren, interacting with the residents is simply part of their daytoday life here and the way aging is normalized， which may be the most important benefit they receive”可知，在 ILC，孩子们已经逐渐认识到变老是生命中一种正常的现象，故选 B项。10The last paragraph mainly tells us _.Athe benefits the seniors receiveB the situation of th
31、e seniorsC childrens companyDthe interaction between the children and the seniors答案与解析：A 考查段落大意。根据最后一段的整体内容可知，本段主要介绍了 ILC 对于老年人的积极意义，故选 A项。11The underlined words “this unique facility” may refer to _.Aa special buildingB a typical familyC a typical teaching programDa special learning center答案与解析：D 考
32、查词义猜测。画线词位于文章最后一句，该句是对文章进行的总结，并结合前两段对 ILC 的介绍及其对孩子们的积极影响和最后一段阐述的 ILC 对老年人的积极意义，可以推断出此处的“this unique facility”是在回应主题，即介绍 Intergenerational Learning Center, 故画线词指的是 ILC这一特殊的学习中心。DTraditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid materials. But a team of scientists at Harvard Universi
33、ty in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot one that draws inspiration from an octopus(章鱼 )Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is a minimal system wh
34、ich may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots， ” the studys authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they arent especially safe around
35、 humans, because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. Theyve taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more fl
36、exible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮 ) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise
37、for several applications, such as searchrescue operations and exploration.” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technologys Center for MicroBioRobotics, wrote in a comment, “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”【语篇解读】
38、本文是一篇说明文。传统意义上的机器人坚硬、棱角分明，多由金属以及其他刚性材料构成。受一只章鱼的启发，美国哈佛大学的一个科学家团队制造了一款软体机器人，开启了软体机器人新时代。【长难句分析】 Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration. (第二段第一句)分析：Described in science journal Natr
39、ue 为过去分词短语作整个句子的伴随状语；that could be used in search, rescue and exploration 为 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 robots。译文：据科学期刊自然描述，这种“章鱼机器人”为发明更有效的自动机器人铺平了道路，这些机器人将来能用于研究、救援、探测等方面。【词汇积累】 rigid adj.坚硬的；不弯曲的 inspiration n灵感 foundation n基础 precise adj.精确的；确切的 repetitive adj.重复乏味的12Whats the special feature of “Octobot”？A
40、Its soft.B Its made of metal.C Its very small.DIt looks like an octopus.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。关键句：“The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” ( 第二段第一句)译文：章鱼机器人是一个最小化的系统，这或许会为新一代全软体自动机器人打下基础根据关键句可知，Octobot 的特点是软。故正确选项为 A。13What
41、s the disadvantage of traditional robots?ATheyre hard to control.B Theyre too heavy to move.C They cant predict conditions.DThey cant behave well all the time.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。关键句：Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in un
42、predictable conditions. (第三段第一句)译文：在受控环境中用于重复性精确运动的机器人在崎岖地形或不可预测的条件下表现不佳。根据关键句可知，传统的机器人不是任何时候都表现良好。故正确选项为 D。14One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots _.Asilicone bodyB complex componentsC precise movementsDflexible power source答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。关键句：But creating a completely soft robot remain
43、s a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power. (第五段)译文：但创造出一个全软体机器人依然是个挑战。即便工程师们建造出了一个硅胶主体，但能制造出电源等有弹性的必要部件依然是一大挑战。根据关键句可知，制造软体机器人的一大挑战是制造出弹性电源。故正确选项为 D。15Whats the possible applic
44、ation of “Octobot”？AMedical research.B Life rescue.C Machine operation.DHouse cleaning.答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。关键句：“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as searchrescue operations and exploration.” ( 最后一段第一句)译文：尽管软体机器人还在雏形阶段，但它在例如搜索救援行动以及勘测
45、等几种用途上大有可为根据关键句可知，B 项“生命救援”与其所述相符；A 和C 两项偷换概念。故正确选项为 B。第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019湖南太郡中学检测 We eat in our cars, at our desks, on the go, and in front of the TV. We eat takeout, packaged and prepared meals. Why? Because it fits our notenoughtimeintheday li
46、festyles. _1_ Well, Im certainly not the first one to think it or say it, but we all need to slow down.Consumer trends around the globe show that over the past three decades people are purchasing more prepared foods at groceries and eating out more than ever before. Its predicted that well spend mor
47、e at restaurants in the coming years. _2_ However, were getting less healthy.While debates can be seen in different media over the food industrys contribution to our growing waistlines and our health problems, the bottom line is this：_3_ We can choose to eat a fastfood lunch on the go. We can throw
48、a frozen meal in the microwave and call it dinner. We can eat without thinking, in front of the tube, at our computers, and while driving a car._4_ Studies have shown meaningful links between family meals and kids mental and physical wellbeing. Eating sensibly doesnt take much time or money, but it
49、does require you to make a conscious decision to do so. Wrapped up in endless work, appointments and social activities, we often fail to enjoy a relaxing meal with our families.While it can be a challenge to always put healthy eating first, just do your best. Remember that the food you eat has a more significant effect on your health, weigh
