1、1中考被动语态-特殊句型篇目 录一.复习被动语态的八种时态二.特殊句型和动词的被动语态简单句的被动语态双宾语复合宾语宾语从句祈使句肯定否定短语动词 (包括动介和动副两种)情态动词附：课堂练习学案2内 容一.复习被动语态的六种时态一般现在时：amisarepp 一般过去时：waswerepp 一般将来时：shall will be pp 现在完成时：have has been pp 现在进行时：amisarebeingpp 过去将来时：should would be pp （含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词bepp）小测验： Chinese _ by the largest number of p
2、eople Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken （2002 长沙） The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells （2002 四川眉山） A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave 3二.特殊句型和动词的被动语态简单句的被动语态在这讲开始之前我们先一起复习一下以前学习过的简单句的六种基本结构：1）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：J
3、ohn is busy.约翰忙.2）主 + 动（SV）例如：I work.我工作.3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.她学英语.English is studied by her.4）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳. I was made a new dress by my mother.a new dress was made for me by my mother.5）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove
4、 me right.时间会证明我是对的.I would be proved right by time.1.S+VT+OWe visited the factory.The factory was visited by us.2.双宾语主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：主动句：I gave Tom a pencil.被动句：Tom was given a pencil (by me).被动句：A pencil was given _ Tom (by me).主动句：I bought Tom a pencil.被动句：Tom was bought a pencil (by me
5、).被动句：A pencil was bought _ Tom (by me).注意：1.由 to 还是 for 连接间接宾语的动词由 to 连接间接宾语的动词,侧重动作的方向。表示“朝着，向着，对着某人。”由 for 连接间接宾语的动词，侧重动作的受益者。表示“为了某人，替某人。既可由 to也可由 for连接间接宾4” 语的动词pass, give, show, tell, lend, take; post, return, sell, send, write, bring, throw, feed, read, promise, offer, refuse, teach ,hand,buy
6、, cook, get, sing, make; choose, pick, find, save, order, book ,leave, call, fetchdo, get, read,sing, play2.下面几种情况,通常要用介词 to 或 for 引起的短语：当直接宾语是人称代词（itthem）时.如：The watch is Li Leis. Please give it to him.这块手表是李雷的.请把它给他.当强调间接宾语时.如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭.当间接宾语比直接宾语长时.如：On t
7、he bus, he often gives his seat to an old person.在公共汽车上,他经常把座位让给老人.3.复合宾语首先让我们回顾一下以前学习的复合宾语：英语中,有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,这样意思才完整.宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语.常用句型为：主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语.O+VT+O+OC可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、介词短语、动词不定式等.一 . 宾语补足语是名词、形容词、现在分词、介词短语的被动语态。1.接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有 call, name, think ,make 等.如：We call
8、them mooncakes.我们把它们叫作月饼.They are called mooncakes by us.2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有 make, keep, think, find 等.如：At first I found Chinese hard.开始的时候,我发现汉语很难.At first Chinese was found hard by me.3. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有 watch, see, hear ,find, keep等.如：In the country, he can hear birds singing.在农村,他能听到鸟儿歌唱.In t
9、he country, birds can be heard singing by him.4. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有 find, keep, take 等.如：The boy found his pen on the floor.这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔.His pen was found on the floor by the boy.二.宾语补足语是动词不定式的被动语态。动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况：1）接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有 tell, want, ask, wish, teach 等.如：Tell him to com
10、e here the day after tomorrow.告诉他后天到这里来.He is told to come here the day after tomorrow.2）接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有 hear, see, watch, 5let, make 等.如：He made us laugh.他使我们大笑.We are made to laugh by him.3）接带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是 help.如：She often helps her mother（to）do some housework.她经常帮母亲做家务
11、活.Her mother is often helped （to）do some housework by her.双宾语和复合宾语的区别: 可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系,则该动词接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语. 宾语从句带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用 it 作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句则变成了主语从句。此结构有时候可以改为“主语+be+pp+to do”形式。Eg: People say that water is all around the city.Its said that water is
12、 all around the city.Water is said to all around the city.They saw that Tom has got the first place in the exam.-It is said that Tom has got the first place in the exam.-Tom is said to have got the first place in the exam.祈使句肯定主动句 V+ O :Empty the rubbish bin at once.被动句 Let + O+ Be+ PP: Let the rubb
13、ish bin be emptied at once.否定主动句 Dont +V+O：Dont tell the truth to him.被动句 Dont +let +O+be+PP：Dont let the truth be told to him.短语动词 (包括动介和动副两种)不及物动词不能跟宾语，因此不能用于被动语态，但不及物动词与介词或副词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以用于被动语态。要注意的是，这样的短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变成被动语态时不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词，如 look at, look for, look after, take care
14、of, take off, send for 等。例如：We must take good care of the young trees()The young trees must be taken good care of()6注意：由被动语态形成的动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加 by.如：be covered with be interested inbe made of/from be surprised at情态动词We can easily download music from the Internet.Music can be easily downloaded fr
15、om the Internet.7附：课堂练习学案1.主谓宾句型的被动语态：2含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； 将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词 to 或 for 引导。例如： He told us a story（变被动语态） We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态） She _ _ _ _ _ by her motherA new pen _ _ _ her by her mother
16、 3.复合宾语的被动语态:一般变法复合宾语变主动，只变宾语“补”不动，原来“宾补”变“主补”，名称变了位不动。当主动结构中含有复合宾语，即“宾语+宾语补足语”时，变成被动语态时只将宾语变成主语，而宾补原地不动，只不过成了主语补足语。例如：We all heard the boy crying. The boy _ crying (by us all).The teacher asked the students to come early.The students _ to come early (by the teacher).The advertiser (报幕员) always make
17、s the audience happy.The audience is always _ by the advertiser.The man beat the boy black and blue. The boy _ black and blue (by the man).特殊变法：复合宾语中含有使役、感官动词的被动语态这类动词常见的有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe(五看)；let, have, make(三使役)；hear, listen to(二听)；feel(一感觉)；help(半帮助，因为后面的 to 可要可不要)。在主动结构中，其宾补是
18、不带 to 的不定式，但变成被动语态时，宾补已变成主补，因此不定式的符号 to 要恢复。例如：8I saw him go there. He _ to go there (by me).We heard him sing in the next room just now.He was heard _ in the next room just now (by us).She makes her daughter play the piano every day.Her daughter _ play the piano every day (by her).He often _ his si
19、ster cry but this time he was _ to cry by his sister. (make)They observed Jim go home. Jim _ to go home (by them).【记忆口诀】五看加上三使役，二听一感半帮助；动词不定式作宾补，切记 to 词要删除；如果宾补变主补，注意 to 词要恢复。【注】notice，watch 和 have 不常用于被动结构。let 后跟单音节不定式做主语补足语时可不带 to。例如：We were let go. 但我们通常说：We were allowed to go.4.宾语从句的被动语态They sai
20、d that he had gone abroad to study English_ that he had gone abroad to study English5.祈使句的被动语态6.短语动词的被动语态在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） 7.情态动词的被动语态
