1、文学体裁:诗歌 poem,小说 novel,戏剧 dramaOrigin 起源:Christianity 基督教 bible 圣经 Myth 神话 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士(笔记)I The Middle Age 中世纪一、The Anglo-Saxon period 安格鲁撒克逊时期(449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类: pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作: The Song of Beowulf 贝奥武甫 unknown scribe 无名氏著 beginning of t
2、he 10th century 写于世纪初National heroes 民族英雄 national epic 民族史诗 采用了隐喻手法 3、 Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法) 例子: of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1.Geoffreys The History of the Kings of Britain 杰弗里的英国王的历史Arthur 亚瑟王
3、The native Celtic legends 本土凯尔特传说2、 romance 传奇文学 3、代表作: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵(Alliteration)的长诗 (poetry)三、Geoffrey Chaucer (Ca1343-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟 时期 1、 the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、 heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in iambic penta
4、meter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事 The beginning of the English literature history4、大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life andsocial groups. each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own vi
5、ews and character. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人, 代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体。这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。小说观点:he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、 Popular Ballads 大众民谣 :1、定义:Al
6、so named folk ballad: a type of poetry that makes the most direct appeal to all classes of readers and listeners; essentially a narrative poem which tells a story. 也被称为民谣:一种最能直接吸引所有读者和听众的诗歌类型,本质上是讲述故事的叙事诗。Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙
7、事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式 2、代表人物:(1)Bishop Thomas Percy (17291811)托马斯.帕希主教 (2 ) Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832)沃尔特司各特爵士 went to places where ballads were still been singing and write them down at the dictation of the border people. (numerous ballads were about the age-long struggle between the Scots and the Eng
8、lish and there are different versions.)去那些民谣仍在吟唱的地方,并在边境人民的口述下写下来。(许多民谣是关于苏格兰人和英国人之间长期的斗争,有不同的版本。)(3 ) William Langland 威廉兰格伦(ca 1330-1400) The Vision of Piers,Plowman 农夫皮尔斯Robin Hood (罗宾汉): the hero that appeared firstly in literature in this book. Strong, brave, oppressors and love for the poor an
9、d downtrodden. clever, tender-hearted, affectionate; hatred for the cruel 在这本书中首次出现在文学中的主人公。坚强,勇敢,压迫者、穷人和被压迫者的爱。聪明的,温柔的,多情的;嫉恶如仇(4 ) Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林戴尔的绿林好汉们II、The Renaissance (16 世纪) 文艺复兴时期 (Greek and Roman) 戏剧 drama 诗章 canto The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of
10、classical (Greek and Roman) arts and scienc文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。 The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama 文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。 1、 key work: humanism 人文主义: admire human beauty and human achievement 五、William Shakespeare (15641616 )威廉姆.莎士比亚 戏剧(1)drama 四大悲剧:Hamlet(
11、哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗),King Lear(李尔王),The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白) (2 )四大喜剧: 威尼斯商人 The Merchant of Venice第十二夜 Twelfth Night 皆大欢喜 As You Like It 无事生非 Much Ado About Nothing(3 ) Sonnet 十四行诗 重点第十八首十四行诗 明喻( simile)暗喻(metaphor) 对比(comparison)六、Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯培根(15611626)Of Truth 论真理Of Studies 论学习 重点III、 th
12、e period of Revolution and Restoration (17 世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟 prose 散文 1、文学特点:the Puritans(清教徒)believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals. 清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。七、John Donne (15721631)约翰.多恩 “metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物sonnet 十四行诗
13、A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning离别辞“莫伤悲”(重点)、“Song” “The Canonization” “Death Be Not Proud ” 作品特点: strike the reader in Donnes extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘) novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角) novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)8、 John Milton 约翰. 弥尔顿(16081674)the P
14、uritans(清教徒) a great poet 诗人 ( poem 诗歌 blank verse ) Defense for the English People为英国人辩护 、 Paradise Lost失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人 、Paradise Regained复乐园 、On His Blindness、 On His Deceased Wife九、John Bunyan(16281688) 约翰.拜扬a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)” The Pilgrims
15、 Progress天路历程 prose 散文 该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式 ), medieval form of allegory(比喻)and dream” Vanity Fair 浮华集市、The Age of Enlightenment (18 世纪) 启蒙运动 prose 散文 2、 18th century 文学的三个方面: Classicism(古典主义 )、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说) 十、D
16、aniel Defoe (16601731)丹尼尔. 笛福 realistic novel 现实主义小说 Novel: Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记 Jonathan Wild十一、Jonathan Swift(16671745) 乔纳森.斯威夫特 书籍之战、浴缸的故事(1704)、适度的建议(1729)、格列佛游记(1726) novel 反讽 作品特点:no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashe
17、s of fooling when Swifts sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him. 努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。 12、 Joseph Addison(16721719)约瑟夫 爱迪生、理查德斯蒂尔(Richard Steele)闲谈者(Tatler)与旁观者(spectator)Sir Roger at Church 罗杰乡绅在教堂 重点 Sir Roger at the Assizes 罗杰乡绅在法庭13、Henry Fielding(17071754)亨利菲尔丁The
18、 Christian Hero 基督教的英雄、The Tatler 闲谈者、The Spectator 旁观者Sentimentalism 感伤主义 no belief 没有信仰 The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the p
19、eople. 感伤主义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾,感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏。 14、 Thomas Gray (17161711)托马斯.格雷 Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌 15、 Oliver Goldsmith (1730-1774)奥利弗史密斯The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德牧师传It is a sentimental work based on the moral vision of man as innocent and kind. There
20、 is goodness, nobility, and fidelity in life, and old values and verities still function well. 这是一部以人的道德眼光为基础的感性作品,其中充斥着天真、善良。有善良,高贵,和忠诚的生活,和旧的价值观和真理。16、 Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德谢立丹(1751 1816 年)The Rivals (1775)酒店竞争对手、St Patricks Day 圣帕特里克节、The Duenna 保姆、The Critic(1779)评论家、Pizarro (1799)皮萨罗The
21、 School for Scandal 丑闻学校 It is a five-act comedy 这是一部五幕喜剧、the Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义 散文 prose Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the industrial Revolution and the French Revolution 前浪漫主义极大的影响了工业革命和法国大革命教育意义 Educational:liberty, equality and fraternity 自由,平等,博爱 开始的标志:beginning with th
22、e publication of William Wordsworths Lyrical Ballads 从威廉.华兹华斯发表的“抒情歌谣 “开始lake poets(湖畔诗人):Coleridge Southey Wordsworth17、 William Blake(17571827) 威廉.布莱克 诗人 poetLondonThe TygerThe Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的工人18、 Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯 苏格兰诗人 poet My Hearts in the Highlands 我心在高原John Anderson, My Jo A Red Red R
23、ose 一朵红红的玫瑰 重点To a Mouse 致老鼠Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长十九、William Wordsworth( 17701850) 威廉.华兹华斯 poet-laureate (桂冠诗人) The Prelude序曲 自传性诗歌 Autobiographical poetry With S.T.coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”. 与 s.t.coleridge 一起,联合发表了“抒情民谣” 作品特点simplicity and purity of the language, fight
24、ing against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的 18 世纪诗歌 Lines Composed a Few Miles above 几英里以上的几条线Tintern Abbey 丁登寺旁She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways 她住在人迹罕至的地方I Travelled among Unknown Men 我在陌生人中旅行I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我如行云独自游、黄水仙Sonnet: Composed upon Westminst
25、er 十四行诗:WestminsterBridge, September 3, 1802 桥,1802 年 9 月 3 日Sonnet: London,1802 十四行诗:伦敦,1802The Solitary Reaper 孤独的刈麦女二十、 George Gordon,Lord Byron (17881842 )乔治戈登,拜伦 When We Two Parted 当我俩分别时She Walks in Beauty 她行走在美中Sonnet on Chillon 在葡萄牙的十四行诗Childe Harold Pilgrimage查尔德哈罗德游记 cantos 诗章 成名作 Don Juan
26、唐璜 poem 诗 satiric masterpiece 讽刺的杰作 二十一、Percy Bysshe Shelley (17921822 )雪莱 Prometheus Unbound解放的普罗米修斯 drama 戏剧 Ode to the West Wind西风颂 poem 诗Ozymandias 智谋者A song: Men of England 一首歌:英国人The Cloud 云To a sky-Lark 致云雀二十二、John Keats (17951821)济慈 poet 诗人 On First Looking into Chapmans Homer 第一次看荷马史诗Ode to
27、 a Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂To Autumn 到秋天Banright Star 明亮的星二十三、Walter Scott (17711832)沃特.斯科特 He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel. 他是创造者和历史小说大师 Ivanhoe艾凡赫 Rob Roy 罗布罗伊二十四、Jane Austen (17751817)简.奥斯丁 女 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见 Sense and Sensibility理智与情感 Emma 爱玛
28、 二十五、Charles Lamb (17751834)查尔斯.兰伯 essayist 散文家Dream-Children: A Reverie 梦中儿女:回忆Poor Relations 穷亲戚Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 Critical Realism 批判现实主义二十六、Charles Dickens(18121870 ) 狄更斯 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 匹克威克外传Hard Times艰难时刻 Oliver Twist雾都孤儿 A Tale of Two Cities双城记( 描述了法国大革命 Frenc
29、h Revolution)特点:describing the misery and sufferings of common people.描述苦难和苦难的群众。 二十七、William Makepeace Thackeray(18111863)威廉梅克比斯萨克雷 Vanity Fair名利场 二十八、George Eliot (18191880)乔治.艾略特 女 Adam Bede亚当 比德 novel二十九、(1)Charlotte Bronte (18161855)夏洛特.勃郎特 女 Shirley雪利 Jane Eyre简.爱 Emily Bronte 艾米丽.勃郎特(18181848
30、)Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄(主人公:Mr. Heathcliff) 三十、Thomas Hood(17991845)胡德The Song of the Shirt 衬衫之歌The Bridge of Sighs 叹息桥三十一、 Alfred, Lord Tennyson(18091892)艾尔弗雷德,丁尼生勋爵Ulysses 尤利西斯Break, Break, Break 打破,打破,打破Crossing the Bar 穿过酒吧三十二、Robert Browning(18121889)罗伯特,布朗宁My Last Duchess 我上一位公爵夫人Home-Thoughts,
31、 from Abroad 在国外对家乡的想法三十三、 Elizabeth Barrett Browning(18061861)巴莱特,布朗宁Sonnets from the Portuguese 西班牙十四行诗(21,22,2332,43) The 20th CenturyThe transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19 到 20 世纪英国文学的过渡期1、 Aestheticism 唯美主义 “art for arts sake” 为艺术而艺术三十四、Thomas Hardy(18401928)托马斯哈代(184
32、01928)Tess of the DUrbervilles 德伯家的苔丝The Sons Veto 儿子的否决权三十五、John Galsworthy(18671933)高尔斯华绥(18671933)The Forsyte Saga 福尔赛世家The Man of Property 财产人Conscience 良心三十六、Oscar Wilde(18541900)奥斯卡,王尔德The Picture of Dorian Gray 格林道雷的画像三十七、George Bernard Shaw(18561950)萧伯纳Mrs Warrens Profession 华伦夫人的职业三十八、D.H.Lawrence(18851930)D.H.劳伦斯Sons and Lovers 儿子与情人“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物:三十九、Virginia Woolf(18821941)弗吉尼亚伍尔夫Mrs Dalloway 达洛卫夫人四十、James Joyce(18821941)乔伊斯Araby 阿拉比