1、I. Old English Literature Four Comedies:皆大欢喜 ;无事生非 ; 仲夏夜之梦 ; 威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies:哈姆莱特 ; 奥赛罗 ; 李尔王 ; 麦克白 Shakespeare Sonnet: 154 (37plays,2narrative poens,154 sonnets)Three quatrain and one couplet, abab，cdcd，efef，gg.A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted
2、 to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton 约翰弥尔顿16081674（ 诗人、政论家 ;失明后写 失乐园 、 复乐园 、 力士参孙 。 ）Epics: 失乐园 复乐园 Dramatic poem: 力士参孙 论出版自由 为英国人民声辩 我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their
3、 talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan 约翰 班扬16281688（代表作天路历程 ，宗教寓言，被誉为 “具有永恒意义的百科全书 ”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲 、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。 ） Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人 )Religionary Allegory:天路历程 3. John Donne 多恩the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人 ).Metaphysical Poetry(玄
4、学诗 ) the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式 )the form is frequently an argument with the poet s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题： love, religious, thought） Artisticfeatures:conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻 syllogism 三段论 Meditations 沉思录 The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValed
5、iction: IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment 同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。 A revivalof interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感 ) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of
6、the 15th and 16thcentries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality),equality Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey 1. William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯17701850 抒情歌谣集 (with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)Theme:1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give hi
7、m “strength and knowledge full of peace”2.It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodil
8、s(水仙 ) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tin tern AbbeyThe Solitary Reaper 孤独的割麦女 序曲 2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔 泰勒科尔律治17721834 古舟子颂 柯里斯塔贝尔 忽必烈汗 Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory 半夜冰霜 忧郁颂 抒情歌谣集 (w
9、ith WilliamWordsworth)3. George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登拜伦17881824（拜伦式英雄 Byronic heroes 孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德 哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个 “拜伦式英雄 ”。 ） “Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.唐 璜 恰尔德 哈罗德尔游记 当初我们俩分别 4. Persy Bysshe S
10、helley 波西比希 雪莱17921822Poetic Drama： 解放了的普罗米修斯 Theme: the drama celebrates mans victory over tyranny and oppression麦布女王 伊斯兰的反叛 钦契一家 诗辩 无神论的必要性 西风颂 Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last
11、 signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when
12、something dies. Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelleys “Ode to the West Wind“ is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone ispoignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unsee
13、n forceto take control and revive life. Artistic features:Usingrerza rima(三行诗 aba bcb cdc ded efe )致云雀 5. John Keats 约翰 济慈 17951821(“美即是真，真即是美 ”是他的著名诗句。 ) Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂 夜莺颂 心灵颂 忧郁颂 秋颂 Theme: The theme of John Keats poem, “To Autumn“, is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem pr
14、aises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poems thre
15、e stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in thepoem is the change of periods in a day. 6. Jane Austen 简奥斯丁17751817 理智与感情 傲慢与偏见 (chapter I)【 Elizabeth Bennet novels of character and environment） Novels 德伯家的苔丝 Theme: experience is as to intensity, an
16、d not asto duration 无名的裘德 绿荫下 远离尘嚣 卡斯特桥市长 还乡 PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国 VII 19001950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrights1) Oscar Wilde2) George Bernard Shaw1. Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡 王尔德18561900 （ The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art s Sake） 4 Comedies:认真的重要 温德米尔夫人的
17、扇子 一个无足轻重的女人 理想的丈夫 Novel: 多利安 格雷的画像 Fairy Stories: 快乐王子故事集 2. George Bernard Shaw 乔治 伯纳萧18561950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家） critical realistic dramatistPlaysPlays Unpleasant华伦夫人的职业 鳏夫的房产 Plays Pleasant武器与人 左右命运的人 Plays人与超人 匹格玛利翁 苹果车 圣女贞德 Novelists (Realists)1. Joseph Concrad吉姆爷 黑暗的心 1.Why the books title is He
18、art of Darkness?The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of peoples skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans heart.2.What is the symbolism of black and white【 Black / dark-】 death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilizedMidd
19、le Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light.According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa wasconsidered to be in the “dark stage”.【 Whit
20、e / light】 life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo. The contrast also sugg
21、ests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty. Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt3.CommentThe book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to
22、achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once “one of the darker places of the earth“ before the Romans forced civilization upon t
23、he Britons. But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.4.Character【 Kurtz】
24、represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.【 Marlow】 represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.5.NarrativeStructureIn Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator
25、 telling us a story he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz. However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has learned for mothers. They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtzs story.2. William Somers
26、et Maugham人性的枷锁 3. Edward Morgan Foster (E. M. Foster)印度之行 霍华兹别墅 Modernists3 NovelistsJames Joyce David Herbert Lawrence Virgirnia Woolf1. David Herbert Lawrence 戴维 赫伯特劳伦斯18851930 儿子与情人 (autobiographical)【 Mrs. Morel】 , daughterof a middle-class family, is “a woman of character and refinement“, astr
27、ong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm,vigorous and sensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and married beneath her ownclass.Then, she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons. Sheh opes that they will become outstanding 【 Paul Morel】 depend sheavily on h
28、is mothers love and help to make sense of the world around him. Hestruggle to free from his mothers influence, but he failed. After his motherhas died and he is left alone, in despair.Theme:Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. He believed that the
29、 healthy way of the individuals psychological development lay in the primacy of the life impulse, or in another term, the sexual impulse. human sexuality was, to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presenting the psychological experience of individual human life and of human relationships, Lawrence
30、has opened up a wide new territory to the novelOedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers虹 恋爱中的女人 查特莱夫人的情人 2. James Joyce 詹姆斯乔伊斯18821941（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物） stream-of-consciousness 尤利西斯 一个青年艺术家的肖像 芬尼根的苏醒 都柏林人 3. Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼娅沃尔芙18821941（意识流小说的代表人物） stream-of-consci
31、ousnessNovels达洛维夫人 到灯塔去 浪 雅各布的房间Orlando 奥兰朵 幕间 2 PoetsW. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )1.William Butler Yeats 威廉勃特勒 叶茨18651939（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater , or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团） collections 苇风 责任 塔 旋转的楼梯 Poems 复活节，1916第二次来临 /再世 到拜占庭航行 2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家） Poems 四个四重奏 Plays 大教堂谋杀案
