1、冠词的用法一、不定冠词的用法1.表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个，经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。I am reading an interesting story.There is a tree in front of my house.2.代表人或事物的某一种类，强调整体，即以其中的一个代表一类。用来列举此类人或事物中的任何一个都具有某种能力或某种特征。A horse is useful to mankind. A bird can fly.3.代表所属的类别，这种用法表示人或事物的身份、性质等。My father is a doctor.My wish i
2、s to become a teacher when I grow up.4.用在事物的“单位”前，如时间、速度、价格等有意义的名词之前，表示“每一” 。We often go to school twice a day.Take this medicine three times a day and very soon youll feel better. 5.用力指某人某物，但不具体指任何人或任何物，只说明大体情况。A boy came to see you a moment ago. I got this tool in a shop.We need a car now. She is
3、ill, she has to see a doctor.6.用于某些固定词组。a few 几个 a little 有点 a lot of 很多have a good time 玩得高兴 have a rest 休息一下She has a few friends in this city. There is a little milk in the bottle.7.不定冠词的习惯用法。英语中的很多习惯用法中都含有不定冠词，一般没有明确的规律可遵循，只能通过更多的积累和反复的实践才能牢固掌握。常见不定冠词的习惯短语归纳如下：a moment ago 一会儿前 twice a week 每周两次
4、for a time 一段时间 in a while 一会儿后in a moment 一会儿后 just a moment/minute 一会儿 after a time/while 一段时间之后二、定冠词的用法1.特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。The bag in the desk is mine. Is this the book you are looking for?2. 指上文中已提到过的人或事物或谈话双方都知道的人或事物。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop.The book costs 15 yuan.Would
5、 you mind turning up the radio a little? I cant hear it clearly.3.表示世界上独一无二的食物（主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体）或用于自然界现象。the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空the world 世界 the winter night 冬夜I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.4.定冠词与单数名词连用，表示这一类人或物。The dog is not dangerous.用法比
6、较A cat has sharp eyes at night. Cats are loved by many people.The cat can catch the mouse. The cats here dont like fish.前三句中的 a cat, cats, the cat 都可表示泛指意义的“猫” ，但之间略有区别。a cat 突出强调这类事物中的任何一个；cats 突出强调猫这一群体；the cat 是与其他事物相对照而言的。第四句中的 the cats 是特指。5.定冠词与某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，表示某一类人。the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 th
7、e wounded 受伤者the sick 病人 the deaf 聋子The new is to take the place of the old. 6.用在序数词、形容词最高级所修饰的名词前。This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.He is the first to come and the last to leave.7.用于表示具体的地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一个部分等。We have friends all over the world.My parents live in the peaceful coun
8、tryside.8.用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动、运动场所的名称前。The little girl likes to play the violin.They are going to the cinema tonight.9.用在报刊、杂志的名称的名词前。I am reading the China Daily now.Have you got the Evening Paper yet?10.用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称之前。We live near the Yellow River.The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.11
9、.用在姓名复数名词之前，表示一家人。The Greens are very kind to us. The Whites like the classic music.12.用于某些固定短语中。by the way 顺便 join the army 参军 listen to the radio 听收音机 tell the truth 说实话 go to the cinema 去看电影 all the same 完全一样 just the same 完全一样 with the help of 在的帮助下 on/over/through the radio 从收音机上三、不用冠词的用法1.专有名词
10、、抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。I think water is a kind of food , too. Money is not everything.2.表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词。Its time for breakfast. What do you have for lunch?用法点津： 如果指具体的饮食词前用定冠词 the。The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive. 当三餐前有形容词修饰时常加不定冠词。We had a rich lunch yesterday. 3.在季节、月份、星期、节日、球类运动、棋类游戏的
11、名词之前不用冠词。Summer is hot and winter is cold here. New Years Day is coming.Today is the first day of May.Do you like to play football or baseball?4.在集体的学科、各种语言前不用冠词。Can you speak English? Its difficult to learn Physics well.5.在家庭、单位、某一组织中处于独一无二的地位或职位时，一般不用冠词。Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for
12、the whole trip.I usually help my Dad on the farm on Sundays.6.名词前如果出现 this, that, this, my, Janes, some, any 等限定词时，其前不能再加冠词。This is my address. His camera is like mine.7.某些固定词组不用冠词。by air 乘飞机 on foot 步行 at night 晚上 after school 放学后 at home 在家 go to class 上课in fact 事实上 from morning till night 从早到晚练习：
13、1. Tom Hanks is American actor.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填2. Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?-Yes. Ive had wonderful time.A. / B. a C. the D. an3. -Ellen, you look so happy.-Well, Ive got A in my history test.A. a B. an C. the D. /4. Millie has e-dog and its name is Hobo.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 5. -W
14、hats this in English? -Its ruler.A. a B. the C. 不填 15. -Mum, where is my MP3?-Its in black box near the computer.A. a B. an C. the D. /16. -Who is man with glasses?-Oh, hes our new English teacher, Mr. Li.A. a B. an C. the D. /17. My brother studies in university. university is very far from here. A
15、. an, The B. a, The C. the, A D. a, A23. -What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be animal doctor when I grow up.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填24. -Whats the matter with you?-I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.A. a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the25. -Did you see the football match last
16、 night?-Yes, Ive never seen exciting match before.A. such a B. so a C. such an D. so an27. My uncle isnt old man, and he likes playing football.A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, /28. -How far is it from our school to seaside?-It is eight-kilometre walk from here.A. the, an B. /, an C. the, a D. /
17、, a29. -Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.-Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a30. Theres dictionary on desk near the window.A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. the, the 名词【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解（一）名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名
18、词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。在考试命题中，主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分，以及量词修饰的使用。考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。另外，名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分，主要是区分s 和 of 的用法。（二）基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1）规则变化（1）一般名词后面加 s。如：month-months，bird-birds。（2）以 s，ss，x，ch，sh 结尾的名词，后面加 es。如：bus-buses，boss-bosses，box-boxes，match-matches，brush-brushes。（3）以 o 结尾的名词，有的加 es
19、，如：patato-patatoes，mango-mangoes，tomato-tomatoes；有的加 s，如：radio-radios，zoo-zoos，piano-pianos。（4）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 再加 es。如：factory-factories，city-cities。以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，直接加 s，如：toy-toys，day-days。（5）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 es。如：knife-knives，wolf-wolves（例外：roof-roofs，chief-chiefs） ，scarf-scar
20、fs 或 scarves。2）不规则变化（1）改元音字母，构成复数。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，fisherman-fishermen，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice（例外：German-Germans，walkman-walkmans,human-humans） 。（2）单复数形式一样。如：sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese，deer-deer，fish-fish。（3）词尾变化。如：child-children。（4）只有复数形式，无单数形式的名词。如;clothes，trousers
21、，glasses，shoes。（5）以 man 和 woman 构成的复合名词变复数时，要采用双复数形式。如：man tourist-men tourists，woman teacher-womenteachers。2. 名词的数量表达1）可数名词：用数词直接修饰，如：one book，three watches，200 years；与量词连用，量词与所修饰名词都要用复数形式，如：three pairs of shoes，hundreds of years；与模糊数量词连用，如：a few relatives，some people，many boys，a lot of/lots of com
22、puters，a large number ofstudents。2）不可数名词：与量词连用，量词有复数形式，而不可数名词不能有复数形式。如：two loaves of bread，a bottle of water；与模糊量词连用，如：some work，a little milk，much advice/time/money，a lot of/lots of news，a large amount of information。3）模糊数量词修饰可数名词，有如下几个：many，a few，few，a large number of。4）模糊数量词修饰不可数名词，有如下几个：much，a l
23、ittle，little，huge amounts of，a great deal of。5）模糊数量词既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，有如下几个：some，any，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough。3. 名词所有格1）表示有生命的名词所有格（1）单数名词加s，如：Peters bag。（2）词尾有 s 或 es 的复数名词加“” ，如：the teachers office。（3）不以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词后仍加“s” ，如：Childrens Day。（4）表示时间、距离，如：todays newspaper，two hours walk。
24、2）表示无生命的名词所有格，用 of+名词所有格，如：thefront gate of the City Hall，a map of China。3）表示有生命的名词所有格，也可用 of+名词所有格，如：afriend of mine，a book of janes，a friend of Marys sisters。【注意】Peter and Marys desk 表示“彼得和玛丽合用的桌子”Peters and Marys desks 表示“彼得和玛丽各自的桌子”1. Tomorrow Im going to my_. Its a _.A aunt.five minutes walk B
25、aunts.five minutes walkC aunt.five minutes walk D aunts.five minutes walk【解析】 答案是 D。在表达五分钟的路程时用名词所有格，虽然时间属于无生命但表达时间、距离、国家所有格时就用s 或 s形式，又因为五分钟的表达为 fiveminutes 是复数，它的所有格只要后面加 就可以了,那么排除 B，C 答案，根据题意“我要去舅妈家”而不是“ 去舅妈”，因此又排除A。2. The two _ are my_.A womans doctors.girls friends B women doctors.girls friends
26、C woman doctors.girl friends D women doctors.girl friends【解析】答案是 D。以 man 和 woman 构成的复合词变成复数时，要采用双复数形式，即女医生们表达为 womendoctors，这样可以排除 A、C，而以 girl 和 boy 构成的复合词变成复数时，只要把后面的合成词变成复数就行了，女朋友们表达为 girlfriends。故 D 是正确的。3. Which is wrong?_A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables?B How much carton of mi
27、lk is there on the table?C How many cartons are there on the table?D How much milk is there on the table?【解析】答案选 B。一盒牛奶表达为 acarton of milk，谓语动词用单数；两盒牛奶表达为 twocartons of milk，谓语动词用复数，因此 A 项正确。C项问的是桌上有几个纸盒，纸盒是可数名词，谓语动词用复数，也正确。D 项问桌上有多少牛奶，牛奶是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，也是正确的。所以只有 B 项存在错误。(二) 用适当的名词填空1. Most _ can si
28、ng this popular song. (Germany)2. Its my _ to help you with English. (please)3. During his _ from me, I was busy inside and outside. (absent)4. He bought three _ of bread for breakfast. (loaf)5. The _ are all tall and strong. (speech)6. Lu Xun was one of the most famous _ at that time. (write)7. Som
29、e of people have good_. (memorize)8. Please tell me the_. (true)9. The _ of the people on the plane surprised us a lot. (die)10. I have got Toms_. (invite)(三) 选择题1. There is no _ in the room.A chairs B cotton C desks D books2. _room is very nice.A Toms and Johns B Toms and JohnC Tom and Johns D Tom
30、and John3. There is _ bread in my fridge. Please buy _ on your way home.A a little.some B a little.anyC little.some D little.any4. Nowadays _ are not always made of_.A glass.glass B glasses.glass C glass.glasses D glasses.glasses参考答案(二) 用适当的名词填空1. Germans 2. pleasure 3. absence 4. loaves 5. speakers 6. writers 7. memories8. truth 9. death 10. invitation(三) 选择题1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B
