1、Alternator & Starter Introduction 发电机和起动机介绍,发电机 发电机工作原理 发电机结构及主要部件功能 发电机应用 *发电机,发电机爆炸图,发电机工作原理,汽车用交流发电机定义 机械能转化为电能（发电机） 产生三相交流电整流成直流电 通过控制磁场限制输出电压 发电机功能 向用电设备供电 同时向蓄电池充电 提供发电机负荷，转速，故障等信息 机械连接： 通过支架安装在发动机上 通常用V型多楔带或标准V型带驱动 电气连接: 点火开关 Ignition Switch 蓄电池Battery 控制系统Control System,交流电产生,ROTOR转子,STATOR定
2、子,交流电 3 相定子绕组,交流电整流成直流: 整流桥,Example Bridges,Converts AC voltage into DC voltage Accomplished by commonly using six diodes Diode - an electrical check-valve Current can flow in one direction but not the other At least three diodes of opposite polarity are mounted to each heat sink,整流桥工作原理,发电机电路图-单功能调
3、节器/9管整流桥,： circuit diagram before start-up： circuit diagram after start-up (self-excitation),发电机电路图-多功能调节器/6管整流桥,发电机电路图-激磁与预激磁,8管整流器,激磁二极管,发电机分类,发电机分类 普通交流发电机和整体式交流发电机 按磁场绕组供电方式：有刷和 无刷 按磁场绕组搭铁形式两分类 （1）内搭铁型交流发电机 （2）外搭铁型交流发电机 （激磁）爪极式发电机和永磁交流发电机 风冷和液冷 风冷： 单外风扇、双内风扇、内外风扇 液冷：发动机冷却液 带泵交流发电机,单外风扇发电机,进风,出风,
4、双内风扇发电机,Dual Internal Fan (DIF) Construction: No external fan blades Compact size Less noise Automotive based,液冷发电机,无刷发电机和有刷发电机,Brush-less alternators give longer life but compromise size, weight & efficiency compared to brush designs Second air-gap between rotor and stationary field coil Used when
5、brush durability does not meet requirements,Screw (7),发电机部件 有刷发电机,Stator 定子,功能：定子的功能是产生交流电。 结构：定子由定子铁心和定子绕组成。定子铁心由内圈带槽的硅钢片叠成，定子绕组的导线就嵌放在铁心的槽中。 定子绕组有三相，三相绕组采用星形接法或三角形接法，产生三相交流电。 三相绕组的必须按一定要求绕制,才能使之获得频率相同、幅值相等、相位互差120的三相电动势。 1 每个线圈的两个有效边之间的距离应和一个磁极占据的空间距离相等。 2 每相绕组相邻线圈始边之间的距离应和一对磁极占据的距离相等或成倍数。 3 三相绕组的
6、始边应相互间隔2+120o电角度（一对磁极占有的空间为360o电角度）,定子三相绕组的接法,Stator 定子,Rotor转子,功能：转子的功用是产生旋转磁场。 结构：转子由轴、爪极、磁轭、激磁线圈、滑环、风扇组成。 原理： 当两滑环经由电刷通入直流电时，磁场绕组中就有电流通过，并产生轴向磁通，使爪极一块被磁化为N极，另一块被磁化为S极，从而形成六对相互交错的磁极。当转子旋转时，旋转的磁场使固定的电枢绕组切割磁力线而产生电动势。 交流发电机的磁路为：磁轭N极转子与定子之间的气隙定子定子与转子间的气隙S极磁轭。,发电机的主磁路,Rectifier Bridge整流桥,功能： 整流桥的作用是将定子
7、绕组的三相交流电变为直流电。 结构： 整流桥是由6只硅整流二极管组成三相全波桥式整流电路，6只整流管分别压装（或焊装）在两块散热板上。 整流器分类： 6、8、9、11、12 只整流管 整流管：按性能： 普通式和雪崩式（齐纳式）按封装方式：压装型，纽扣型，三明治型，焊接型,12管双整流桥,Voltage Regulator电压调节器,功能： 通过控制转子磁场电流来控制发电机电压 原理：,电压调节器结构,On Car Connections,-,+,DFM,L,ECU,Example of VW,On Car Connections,S,I,P,L,Example of GM,On Car Con
8、nections,-,+,F,L,PCM/ECM,发电机超越皮带轮 (OAP),Engine Application Benefits,发电机超越皮带轮 (OAP),无刷发电机部件,无刷发电机,Rotor,Field Coil Support,Stator,Rectifier (bridge),Rotor Core,Field Coil,发电机功率选型,发电机进气温度,Peak Temps Pre-2002: 93 C Post 2002: 105 C 2007 Test: 125 C,Pre-2002 Peak = 93 C,Post - 2002 Peak = 105 C,Conclusi
9、onDefinite Measured Increase in 2007 Alternator Peak Inlet Temps,93C,2007 Test,RVC BSS & LIN调节器,Regulators with special one wire interface between Vehicle Computer and RegulatorFunctions of the Regulator are programmed RVC (Regulated Voltage Control) Vehicle system Voltage BSS (Bit Sync Single-Wire)
10、 Voltage, LRC, Field current LIN (Local Interconnect Network) Voltage, LRC, Field currentFunctions of the Regulator are sent back to the Vehicle computer RVC Alternator Fault BSS Alternator Fault, Field current, Switching Duty Cycle LIN Alternator Fault, Field current, Switching Duty Cycle, Temp.,发电
11、机安装型式,Brushless Pad Mount w/ Tensioner,Hinge Mount w/o Tensioner,Integral Brush Holder/ Slip Ring Shield Splash & Contamination protection of Slip Rings,Alternators Features & Benefits,Direct Coil-Slip Ring Connections Longer Increased reliability through reduced number of connections,SRE Cover Prot
12、ects electronics whilemanaging airflow Labyrinth with Slip Ring shieldto protect from contamination,14mm Slip Rings Longer Brush Life Higher resistance tobrush bounce,SRE Brg Slinger Protects bearing from Splash, Contamination & Brush Dust,Press-Fit Diodes Longer life Protection from corrosion Load
13、dump protection,Internal SRE Fan Additional cooling for Electronics and SRE Brg,Hot Forged Segments Increased output Better control of segment geometryand dimension,Internal DE Fan Cooler DE Bearing and safer operation,47 mm DE Bearing Long Service life High Belt Load capacity,Collar Protects bearin
14、g seal from water and contaminants,Coil Spool with Flaps Protection from grounded coil,Multifunction regulator Environ. sealed connector Auto-start (optional) Remote Voltage Control (optional),Lamination Asm Smooth O.D for improved volumetric efficiency Electrical grade steel for efficiency improvem
15、ent,Isolated Positive Heat-Sink Lower diode operation temperature,Rectangular Conductors Stacked Conductors In Slot Less Force - thinner Insulation Wire Length Reduction,Cu,Cu,S-series Stator Innovations,Length reduction,Increased Cu area,Stator tooth caps,Capless teeth,Increased iron area,Thick insulation,S-series Rotor Spool Results,Previous,Air Space Between Wires,Reduced Air Space Between Wires,Cu,Cu,
