1、Unit1,Festivals around the world,1.Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year.节日旨在庆祝一年中重要的日子。 Cerebrate 庆祝（仪式，庆典等），祝贺（以文章、演说等）颂扬，赞美 celebration n.庆祝，祝贺 in celebration of 为了庆祝 They his success and the lasted four hours.（celebration） They held a party their fifitieth wedding anniversary,
2、celebrate与congratulate的主要差别 celebrate的宾语往往是节日、纪念日或事件 congratulate的宾语是人 congratulate sb on sth/doing sth祝贺某人（做）某事,2.Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate andwhet people do at that time. 讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间举行，庆祝的是什么，人们在那时做什么。 take place 发生 take first place 获得第一名 take ones place 就坐，代替某人 take the
3、 place of代替 in place of=instead of代替,Take place发生，举行，指事先经过安排的事情 Happen 偶然发生，常带有未能预见的意思Sth happen(s) to sb某人发生某事 Occur发生，想起It occurs to sb that某人突然想起 Break out战争、火灾、疾病的突然爆发 Come out发生、产生，多用于疑问句和否定句Do you know how the air accident came out？,以上表示发生的动词词组，均为不及物动词词组，不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态,3.At that time peopl
4、e would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会饿死。 Starve 使饿死，饿得要死 Starve to death/be starved to death 饿死Millions of people have starved to death. Starve to do sth渴望去做某事He starves to explore the outer space. Starve for sth渴望获得The p
5、atients brain starved for oxygen Be starving饿极了When will the dinner be ready? Im starving.,be+性质形容词+动词不定式,句子中主语与动词不定式之间在逻辑上是被动关系，动词不定式仍用主动形式表示被动意义 该结构常见形容词：easy, hard, difficult, impossible, pleasant, interesting, danderous, comfortable Eg: The problem is hard to solve.the work is impossible to fini
6、sh next month.,误区警示,在这种句式中，动词不定式并不强调主语跟他的被动关系，而是表明形容词是其动作的结果 为理解方便，可以在动词不定式前加一个逻辑主语for sbThe question is easy for me to answer 如果动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，要在动词后适当的介词The room is pleasant for us to live in.,D A to get to breathe is easy to learn comfortable to live in,4.For the Japanese festival Obon,people shou
7、ld go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancessors.在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓，烧香，以缅怀祖先 In memory of纪念，追悼 Have a good/bad memory for对记忆力好/差 Bring back memories引对往事的回忆,“In+n+of”短语,D in memory of in favor/support of in honor/memory of in charge of,5.On this important feast day, people eat food in
8、 the shape of skulls and cakes with bones on them.在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的饰物和装点有 “骨头“的蛋糕。,With复合结构,With+宾语+名词 She died with her son yet a baby. With+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 He slept in the chair with the door open. He left with all the lights on He came in with a book in his hand.,With+宾语+现在分词 With a local peop
9、le leading the way, we got there easily. 现在分词表示主动且正在进行的动作 With+宾语+过去分词 With the problem solved, we finished the work on time. 过去分词表示被动且完成的动作 With +宾语+动词不定式 With so much work to do, I couldnt go with you. 动词不定式表示将要发生的动作,误区警示,With复合结构中，现在分词表示主动且正在进行的动作，过去分词表示被动且完成的动作，动词不定式表示将要发生的动作，但是不能使用分词的完成式。 With
10、all the work having finished,he went home. With all the work finished, he went home,B going fixed open to follow With a lot of homework to do, With all the crops harvested,6.The western holiday halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.西方的万圣节前夕也源自于人们
11、古老的信念，认为亡灵者的灵魂会返回人间。 Belief 信心，信念；信任，依赖 Ones belief is that (=it is ones belief that)某人相信 Have (no)belief that in（不）相信 Have/hold belief that相信 Beyond belief令人难以置信 Shake ones belief in 动摇某人对的信心,Believe in sb=have belief in sb信任某人 Be different from=differ from 与不同,B that in a have belief in beyond bel
12、ief,7.It is now a childrensfestival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.万圣节前夕如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮去邻居家要糖果吃。 Dress up 盛装，打扮 dress up as 装扮成 dress sb/oneself给穿衣服 be dressed in,dress up dressed up as C,take up 占据，拿起 make up编造，构成 turn up 声音调大,8.If the neughbours do
13、 not giv any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居什么糖果也不给，那么孩子们就可能捉弄他们。 Trick n. 诡计，恶作剧 play a trick/tricks on/upon sb捉弄某人 v. 欺骗，诈骗trick sb into doing sth骗得某人做某事trick sb out of sth骗取某人某物,链接,cheat sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事 cheatsb out of sth骗取某人某物 fool sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事 make fun
14、 of 取笑 laugh at 嘲笑 play a joke/jokes on/uopn sb开某人的玩笑,9.In the USA,Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the new world.美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗哥伦布发现新大陆的节日 arrival n.到来，到达 the arrival of的到来 On the arrival in/at=on arriving in/at一到达=as soon as sb arrive On表示“一就”,10.India has a nat
15、ional festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi,the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.印度在十月二日有个全国性的节日，纪念莫罕达斯甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而获得独立的领袖。 Gain v.获得，得到，受益 He gained experience from the failures. n. 收益，获利，财富 No pain, no gain不劳则无获,Gain a reputation 获得声望 Gain weight/speed/time 增加体重/
16、加快速度/赢得时间 Gain ones repect/trust 获得某人的尊重/信任 Gain two minutes （钟表）快两分钟,Independence n.独立，自主 Gain independence from脱离而独立 Independence是以后缀-ence结尾的名词，其形容词为independent，其后缀为-ent Difference-different Intelligence-intelligent Silence-silent Depend on=rely on依靠 Be dependent on依赖依靠 Be independent of 独立于，不受约束
17、It/That all depends那得视情况而定,11.People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.由于越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活也结束了，人们都心怀感激。 Gather v.聚集，集合，收拢，采集 Gather around 聚集，集合 Gather together聚集起来，合拢 Gather in 收割，收获 Gather up收拾起来,12.Some people might win awards for their farm
18、produce,like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.有些人还可能因为他们的农产品而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡 Award n.奖，奖品 win/get an award for 因为而获奖 Vt.授予，给予，奖给 award sb sth=award sth to sb,award 奖品，奖励 award sb sth reward 报答，酬劳 reward sb with sth,13.China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire
19、the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。 Admire 赞美，钦佩，羡慕 Admire sb for sth 因某事而钦佩/羡慕某人admiration admiring,14.The most energetic and important festivals arethe ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.最富有生气而最重要的节日，就是告别冬天，迎来春天的日子。 energetic
20、充满活力的，精力充沛的（形容词） energy 能量（名词） look forward to 期望，期待，盼望 look forward to+名词/动名词（-ing）,look after look back on look into look through look out for look up to look down on/upon,照料 回顾 调查 浏览 注意，当心，留意 仰慕，尊敬 瞧不起，看不起,含有介词to的短语,stick to坚持 object to反对 belong to属于 be used to习惯于 get down to 开始认真做 devote to致力于 l
21、ead to 导致 refer to参考，涉及 pay attention to注意 be accustomed to习惯于,am looking forward to,look forward,to travelling,B,came,meeting,15.The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, look as though it is covered with pink snow.整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 As though=as if似乎，好像 在look,seem等连系动词后引导表语从句 It lo
22、oks as though he is familiar with this school 引导方式状语从句 They talked as though they had been good friends,当说话人认为句子所叙述的不是事实或有极少的可能发生或存在时，as though 从句要用虚拟语气 as though+一般过去式（与现在事实相反） The lady looks as though she were twenty years old. as though+过去完成时（与过去事实相反） Why are you talking to me as if I had broken
23、the window?,16.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other.人们喜欢聚在一起吃喝玩乐。 Have fun玩的开心，尽情玩耍 可以客观描述玩的开心的状态，也可以用来表示对即将度假或旅游者的祝愿“祝你们玩得开心” Have fun with sb=wnjoy onself with sb= have a good time with sb跟某人一起尽情玩耍 Have fun with sth玩某物玩得开心 Have fun （in） doing sth做某事很开心 Its great f
24、un to do sth 做某事很有趣,误区警示,Fun 只能用作不可数名词，不能与冠词连用，可以用much，a lot of，great等修饰。 Funny为形容词“可笑的，滑稽的” Its funny,17.Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。 custom n.风俗，习惯 customs有时还可以表示“海关” custom 社会的风俗习惯 habit 个人的习惯 pra
25、ctice既可以表示个人的也可以表示社会的,B C C D A A A B,Section B,Learning about Language,名词后缀-ation（加在动词后）表示动作的状态或结果。operation手术，invitation邀请，invention发明，contribution贡献，celebration庆祝 形容词后缀-ous表示“具有的，有特性的”dangerous危险的，mountainous多山的 形容词后缀-al（接在名词后）表示“像的，与有关的”cultural文化的，natural自然的，national国家的,2.However big the fool，t
26、here is always a bigger fool to admire him.再大的傻瓜也会发现比他更傻的人在赞美他。 fool n. 愚人，白痴，受骗者 make a fool of 愚弄，捉弄 v.欺骗，愚弄 fool sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事 fool sb out of sth骗取某人某物foolish 傻的,3.You want to ask your mum for permission to go with your friends to the cinema.你想让你妈妈准许你和朋友们一起去看电影。 permission 许可，准许（不可数名词）
27、 ask sb for permission/ask permission of sb请求某人准许 give sb permission to do sth准许某人做某事 with ones permission/with the permission of sb经某人准许 without permission未经准许 permit v。准许，许可,语法知识,情态动词,情态动词,情态动词表示说话人的语气或情绪 特征： 有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，后面接动词原形。 一般没有人称和数的变化 多数情态动词有现在时和过去时形式，如can/could,will/would,may/might.但是情态
28、动词的“时态”并不是区分时间的主要标志。,Can/could 表示能力，常译为“能，会” I can speak english。 表示请求或许可，常译为“可以”，could表示更加委婉地请求 -Can/could I use your phone？ -Of course, you can 表示对现在或过去情况的推测只用于疑问句或否定句Can she be in the classroom now？ No, she cant 表示对过去情况的推测结构，用can/could+完成时,Can表示理论上的可能性，常译为“有时可能会”并不涉及具体某事会发生，要表达具体某事会发生的可能性时，要用may/
29、might,Can/be able to,Can只有现在时和过去时，而be able to则有更多的时态变化。Be able to 可有将来时和完成时 I will be able to help you to finish this job. I havent been able to answer your letter Can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to表示经过努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。,May/might 表示请请求获许可，常译为“可以”。Might的语气比may更委婉。一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，
30、否定回答要用mustnt（不许）或cant（不可能） May I come in？ Yes, you may/can. No, youcant/mustnt 表示对现在或过去的推测 may/might have done May常用于祈使句，表示祝福 May you succeed！ May God belss you！,Must 表示”必须“用于一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或do not have to Must we hand in our homework today？ Yes, you must No, you neednt/you donnt have to
31、 Mustnt 表示”不准许，禁止“ You mustnt park here. Must表示推测 Must+动词原形 表示对现在或经常发生的情况作肯定推测。must的否定式不是mustnt，而是cant I think the news must be true. No, it cant be true Must+have+done表示对过去情况的肯定推测， 反义：cant have done It must have rained last night. It cant have rained last night.,Shall/should shall Shall用于第一人称的疑问句中，
32、表示征求意见或请求指示 shall I/we？ Shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，许诺或威胁 He shall do it himself！（命令） You shall fail if you dont work hard（警告） You shall get the answer tomorrow（许诺） He shall be punished（威胁）,Should “应该，有责任或义务做某事”，语气略逊于must，跟ought to do 基本相同。should 不是shall 的过去式Should+have+done“过去应该做而没有做”You shou
33、ld not have told her the news.Should有时表示“惊讶，意外“等情绪，译为“竟然”。Its strange that he should be late.,Will/would 表示请求、建议，用于第二人称疑问句 Will/would you？ 表示意志、愿望和决心。“愿、要”。Would表示过去的意愿和决心。 I will never do that again. She said she would take care of the cat. 表示规律性 “注定会” Oil will float on water,c,c,B,c,D,Section C,Us
34、ing language,1.But she didnt turn up 可是她却不见人影。 Turn up 到达，出现，露面声音调大，增强的力量 I feel cold and Id like to turn the heat up a little。,Turn+介词/副词,turn down关小，拒绝 turn in上交 turn off 关掉 turn on打开 turn over翻转 turn around转向 turn to求助于 turn out证明是，生产,2.She said she would be ther at 7 oclock，and he thoughtshe wou
35、ld keep her word. 她说她会在七点到达，他认为她会守信用的。 Keep ones word守信用，履行诺言 Break ones word失信 Eat ones word收回前言 Take back ones word收回某人的话 Have a word with sb与某人交谈 Have words with sb 与某人吵架 In a word 简言之 In other words 换句话说 Leave word 换句话说 Word came that 消息传来,3.Well，he was not going to hold his breath for her to ap
36、ologize.哎，他不想屏息等她来道歉。 Hold ones breath屏息，屏气 Take a deep breath深呼吸 Lose ones breath喘不过气来 Out of breath气喘吁吁,Apologize v道歉，谢罪，辩白 Apoligize to sb for sth因做某事向某人道歉 Apologize不能直接跟人作宾语，需要在人前加介词to。相同用法词：explain，announce，suggest，report，say Apology n道歉，认错因做某事向某人道歉 Say sorry to sb for doing sth Make an apology
37、 to sb for doing sth Offer sb an apology for doing sth,4.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee was waiting for lifang to leavehe wiped the tables，then sat down and turned on the TVjust what li fang need！ 很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开他擦好桌子，然后坐下来，打开电视机这正合李方的意！ Obvious adj 明显的，显而易见的 It is/was obvious that=
38、obviously, It is/was clear/apparent that,5.As Li Fang set off foe home, he thought, “I guess Hu Jin doesnt love me. Ill just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I dont want them to remind me of her.” 李方动身往家走，心里想：我才相互进步爱我，把这些鲜花和巧克力都扔了吧，我不想因它们想起她来。,Set off 出发，启程，动身 set off for+地点 引爆， 燃放（爆竹等） The
39、boys set off the fireworks. Set aside保留，忽视 Set down=write down=take down记下，放下，着陆 Set about doing/set out to do 开始/着手做,Remind sb of sth 提醒某人做某事 The photos reminded me of my childhood. Remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 He reminded me to have the meeting. Warn sb of sth 提醒/警告某人某事 Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 Cure sb of sth 治愈某人病 Rob sb of sth 抢某人的某物 Accuse sb of sth 指控某人有罪=charge sb with sth,6.She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentines Day!她恐怕永远不会原谅他了。这个情人节快乐不起来了。 Forgive sb sth宽恕某人某事 Forgive sb for doing sth原谅某人（做了）某事 forgive others but not youself,
