1、初中英语新课标语法项目八 冠词Article冠词（Th e Article）是一种虚词，不能单独使用，用在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（Th e In d efin ite Article）和定冠词（Th e d efin ite Article）两种。a (an ) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音音标之前：如a b o o k , a man , a u sefu l b o o k ; an用在元音之前，如：an o ld man , anin terestin g b o o k , an u n h ap p y g irl, an h o u r等。th e是定冠词。一、不
2、定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an )的基本用法。如：Sh e is a g irl. I am a teach er. Please p ass me an ap p le.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He b o rro wed a sto ry -b o o k fro m th e lib rary .3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有o n e强烈。如：I h av e amo u th , a n o se an d two ey es.4、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍a +抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：It is a
3、p leasu re to talk with y o u . 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。5、时间、速度、价格等名词前，相当于ev ery：Th is k in d o f car can o n lyru n 8 0 k ilo meters an h o u r.6、用于某些固定词组中。如：a b it, a few, a little, a lo t o f, a p iece o f, acu p o f, a g lass o f, a p ile o f, a p air o f, h av e a g o o d time, fo r a wh ile, fo r a lo n
4、 gtime结果as a resu lt, h av e a co ld等。二、定冠词的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词th e的基本用法。如：Beijin g is th e cap ital o f Ch in a. Th e p en o n th e d esk is min e.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：Wh ere is th e teach er? Op en th ewin d o w, p lease.3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：Th ere is a ch air b y th e win d o w. Th e ch air i
5、s red . On th e ch air, th ere is ab ab y . Th e b ab y is min e.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：th e earth , th e mo o n , th e su n .5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：He is alway s th e first to co me to sch o o l. Bo b is th e tallest in h is class. Sh e stu d ies (th e) mo st carefu lly in h er class.6、用在某些专有名
6、词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：th e GreatWall, th e Un ited States等。7、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：th e Yello w Riv er, th e Nile, th e PacificOcean , th e Alp s, th e Himalay as8、用在报刊、杂志前。如：th e Peo p les Daily , th e Ev en in g Pap er, th eTimes 泰晤士报。9、表示某一家人要加定冠词。(th e+姓的复数) 如：Th e Bro wn s arewatch in g TV. 布朗一家在看电视。1 0、用在
7、乐器前面。如：p lay th e p ian o /th e v io lin /th e g u itar/d ru ms1 1、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：th e p o o r, th e wo u n d ed , th e liv in g ,th e d ead , th e rich , th e sick等。1 2、用于某些固定词组中。如：in th e mo rn in g /aftern o o n /ev en in g , th e d ayafter to mo rro w, th e d ay b efo re y esterd ay , in th e sk
8、 y , in th e co u n try , in th emid d le o f, in th e en d , b y th e way , in th e fro n t o f等。三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：Ch in a, America, Class Two , milk ,water等。2、名词前已有作定语用的th is, th at, my , y o u r, so me, an y等代词。如：God o wn th is street.3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：We are stu d en ts. I lik eread i
9、n g sto ries.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teach ers Day , Natio n al Day , insu mmer, in Ju ly等。To d ay is New Years Day . It is Su n d ay . March 8 is Wo men s Day .5、 州名，国家名，人名前。Asia is th e larg est co n tin en t in th e wo rld .New Zealan d is also an En g lish sp eak in g co u n try . Bo b is co min g .6、在
10、称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：Wh ats th e matter, Gran n y ? We elected h im mo n ito r.7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：Sh e g o es to sch o o l after b reak fast ev erymo rn in g .We are g o in g to p lay fo o tb all. We u su ally h av e lu n ch at sch o o l.8、科目、语言前。如：We learn Ch in ese, math , En g lish an d so me o t
11、h ersu b jects.9、在某些固定词组中。如：at h o me, at n o o n , at n ig h t, at first, atlast, at mo st, at least, b y b u s(train , air, sea), b y mistak e, aftersch o o l, in b ed , in time, in fro n t o f, in d an g er, in tro u b le, in fact, g oto sch o o l/co lleg e, g o to b ed , o n fo o t, at tab le, i
12、n in k , in p en cil, fo rex amp le等。专项练习：1 . -Hav e y o u seen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ p en I left it h ere th is mo rn in g .-Is it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ b lack o n e I th in k I saw it so me wh ere.A. a; th e B. th e; th e C. th e; a D. a; a2 . Ju mp in g o u t o f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ airp lan e at ten th o u san
13、d feet is q u ite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ex citin g ex p erien ce.A. /; th e B. /; an C. an ; an D. th e; th e3 . Sh e is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n ewco mer to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ch emistry b u t sh es mad e so meimp o rtan t d isco v eries. A. th e; th e B. th e; / C. a; / D. a; th e4 . Man y p eo p le are still smo k in
14、 g in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ p u b lic.A. a B. th e C. /5 . Th e cak es are d elicio u s. Hed lik e to h av e _ _ _ _ th ird o n e b ecau se _ _ _ _seco n d o n e is rath er to o small.A. a; a B. th e; th e C. a; th e D. th e; a6 . Mr. Smith , th eres a man at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fro n t d o o r wh o say s h e
15、 h as_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n ews fo r y o u .A. th e; / B. th e; th e C. /; / D. /; th e7 . In Han g zh o u Mr.Green was so in terested in _ _ _ _ b eau ty o f _ _ _ _ _ n atu reth at h e stay ed fo r an o th er n ig h t.A. /; / B. /; th e C. th e; / D. th e; th e8 . Alice is fo n d o f p lay in g _ _ _
16、 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ p ian o wh ile Hen ry is in terested inlisten in g to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mu sic.A. /; th e B. /; / C. th e; / D. th e; th e9 . After watch in g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TV, sh e p lay ed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ v io lin fo r an h o u r.A. /; / B. th e; th e C. th e; / D. /; th e1 0 . -Wh eres Jack ? -I th in k h es still in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ b ed , b u t h e mig h t ju st b ein _ _ _ _ _ _ b ath ro o m.A./, / B. th e, th e C. th e, / D. /, th e
