1、“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+ 关系代词” 句型。例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。 （1）The
2、 man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away. （3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用 that/which(指物)that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1) The man (who/whom /th
3、at )you spoke to is a teacher. （）The city （which/that）she lives in is far away. 注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to 等This is the pen that / which you are looking for. The patient whom she is looki
4、ng after is her father. The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of. 练习：Are these sentences right? (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (2) The man(who/that) you talked with is my friend. (3
5、) The man with who/that you talked is my friend.(4) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 二、关系副词 when，where，why 可用“介词which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词先行词。其中 when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during 等） +which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+whichW
6、hy=表原因的介词（如：for ）+which (1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when 引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词which 来代替关系副词when I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when) (2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where 引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词which 来代替关系副词where。This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where) (3)
7、当先行词为 reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why 引导，此时也可以用 for which 来代替关系副词 whyThere are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why) 三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day) 2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This
8、 is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.) 3 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。This is my pair of glasses, _without which_I cannot see clearly. 例题：用“介词 +关系代词”的形式表示1. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least
9、 a year. 3. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 注意：介词+关系代词）介词后面的关系代词2）that 前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词 when,wherewhy 互换。练习1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山东卷）A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 2.She
10、was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. 06 陕西卷）A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after which 3.Gun control is a subject _Americans have argued for a long time. (0 陕西卷)A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which4.Wind power is an ancie
11、nt source of energy _we may A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 5.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people ,many of_left their village homes for a better life in the city.(10 浙卷A.whom B.which C.them D.whose 6.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great
12、success. 04 全国 I）A for which B at which C in which D on which 7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the s ailing time was 226 days. （04 广西）A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 8. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when the
13、yremembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (05广东卷) A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 9. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. （11 江西卷）A.for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 10.The place _ the bridge is supposed t
14、o be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05 江苏卷A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 11.Eric received training in the computer for one year,_he found a job in a big company. A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after this 12.Villagers her
15、e depend on the fishing industry,_there wont be much work. A.where B.that C.by which D.without which 13.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_wanted to buy it. A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom 14. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 p
16、m_，many people have gone home. A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time 15.Whenever I met her, _was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.(09 山东)A.who B.which C.when D.that 16.She brought with her three friends,none of _I had ever met before. (09海南) A.them B.who C.whom D.these 17.Many children,_parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village. (09 安徽）A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom 18.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.(09 湖南）A.Which B.of which C.that D.whose
