1、主谓一致,定义主谓一致:谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就叫主谓一致。,考点1.用and连接两个并列成分；2.介词with 伴随主语；3.就近原则；4.各种代词的主谓一致;5.短语和从句作主语；6.定语从句中的主谓一致。,分类,主谓一致,语法一致,意义一致,就近一致,语法一致主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如：(1)The number of errors was surprising.错误之多是惊人的。(2)We love our motherland .我们热爱我们的祖国,语法一致1.every /each/
2、no 修饰名词，以及and连接的两个有every /each/no修饰的名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。如： Each student is required to tell a story in class. 2.“one 单数名词and a half ”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，如： He said that one and a half apples is enough.,3.“more than one 名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如： More than one student is w
3、illing to take part in the activity. 4.“many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如： Many a method has been tried to solve the problem.,意义一致谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。例如：The crowd were fighting for their lives.这些人正为生存而战斗。Three years in a strang
4、e land seems like a long time. 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。,意义一致1.不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名，如：the United States, the United Nations等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如：news, maths, physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。例如： Physics is not easy to understand.2.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“one, either, neither, each of 复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用
5、单数。例如： When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.,3.something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常用单数。例如：Nothing is impossible.4.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。例如：Ten pounds was missing from the box.5.a series of, a kind of, a
6、piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数，例如：This pair of glasses was bought by my uncle.,6. a number of 复数名词，“许多”，复数意义；the number of 复数名词，“的数目”，单数意义。the population of“的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数/百分数/half of/the rest ofthe population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，如： The population of China is large
7、and about eighty percent of the population are farmers. 注意：the average of “的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。,7. 主语后接介词with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, in, of 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致，如： Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. 8. “the adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数
8、；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数，如： The disabled are well taken care of in this country. 9. 分数、百分数，all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定，如： Most of the workers have gone home for a holiday.,10. 主语为集合名词时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, c
9、lub, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式，如： His family were sitting in the sofa watching TV when I got there.,11. 当and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。另外，当and 连接两个形容词修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实
10、是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数，如： War and peace is a constant theme in history.,注意：英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安bread and butter 黄油面包 a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a knife and fork 刀叉 truth and honesty 真诚a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣 aim and end 目的,12. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的
11、单复数，如： What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.13. such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定，如： Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.14. quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名词是可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语一律用复数，如：Every day quantities of water are wasted.,就近一致谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的
12、数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。例如：（1）Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.（2） Either my wife or I am going to work there.,就近一致1. 当连词or, not but， either or ， neither nor ， not only but also 等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式常与最接近的词语保持一致，如：Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 2.
13、 在倒装句中，谓语与后面第一个主语的数保持一致，如： In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.,3. 当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致，如： Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.,其他总结1一些集合名词作主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数。如audience, committee，class(班级),cre
14、w（全体船员或机组人员), family, government, public(公众)等，但people, police, cattle等一般用复数。,2.通常作复数的集体名词 有些集体名词，如police, people, cattle, militia, poultry(家禽),等作主语时，谓语通常作复数，谓语用复数例如：Domestic cattle _(provide) us with milk, beef and hides.,provide,3.通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有一些集体名词，如machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise
15、(商品)，clothing 通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：The merchandise _(have) arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory _ (be) made in China.,has,is,4. 以-ics结尾的学科名称某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学）athletics(体育学)等，通常作单数用。,5
16、.其他以-s结尾的名词英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜)，shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough.,6.以-s结尾的地理名称某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名、机构名，如the United States, the United Nations
17、, the Netherlands等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。例如：The West Indies, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two parts. The Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.,7.
18、英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如:arms(武器) clothes(衣服) contents(内容，目录) fireworks(烟火)goods(货物) minutes(记录)morals(道德，品行) remains(遗体), stairs(楼梯) suburbs (郊区), thanks(谢意) wages(工资)等通常作复数。,8.凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如: clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings (掘出的东西), earnings (收入), filings (锉屑), lodgings (租住的房屋), surroundings (环境), sweeping
19、s (扫拢的垃圾) 等, 通常作复数用。例如： The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.The sweepings of the godown(仓库) have been disposed of.,9. 还有一些以-s结尾的单、复数同形的名词，如: headquarters(总部), means(方法，手段), series(系列), species(种类), works(工厂)等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是作复数。例如：A headquarters was set up to direct the operation
20、 (指挥作战). Their headquarters are in Paris.The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (诉诸武力).,10. remains用于“遗体”意义时，随后的动词通常作复数：His remains lie in the churchyard.The martyrs remains were buried at the foot of the hill.但作“遗迹”或“剩余物”解释时，可作复数或单数用：Here is the remains of a temple.The remains of th
21、e meal were/was fed to the dog.,11.两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：Forty minus fifteen (40-15) leaves twenty-five.Forty divided by eight (40/8) is five.Seven and five (7+5) makes/make twelve.Five times eight (58) is /are forty.,12. 1)由who, why, how, whether等特殊疑问词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。 2)两个由an
22、d连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。例如：What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.3)以what-分句作主语的SVC结构 在以what-分句作主语的SVC结构中，如果主句补语是表示复数的名词或名词短语，则主句谓语动词可用复数。,13. 1)在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。例如：Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful. 2)在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only 等限定词和强调词时，关系分句动词形式用单数。例如：Selfishness is the one of her many faults which defeats itself.,
