1、However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker.,物理学家想到两件事情。一件是原子和分子容易自发地发出光；另一件是受刺激的发光体可能会更加弱。,2. It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the
2、 trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world.,since the time of the Industrial Revolution .,似乎加拿大又一次落入了一种小家庭的趋势，这种趋势在整个西方世界自工业革命时代就发生过。,3.The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food s
3、ubstances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amo
4、unts of these essential agents .,临床营养品或者说对健康和身体如何吸收和利用食品物质的研究，其历史可以分为四个不同的时期：第一个开始于19世纪，延续至20世纪初，这个时期人们第一次认为食物包含这对人体机能至关重要的成分，以及不同的食物能提供不同量的必要作用物。,4. Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDPs drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady pos
5、ition on the oceans surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.,通过运用这项首次为了远洋石油天然气开采而发明的技术，DSDP这艘Glomar Challenger钻探船可以在海洋的表面保持稳定，并钻探到深水区，从海床上提取沉积物和岩石的样本,5. The desperate plight（萧条景象） of the South has eclipsed（月食-掩盖） the fact that reconstructi
6、on had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly（壮观 ）.,南方萧条的景象掩盖了一个事实，什么样的事实呢，尽管北方的萧条景象不那么壮观，却依然需要重建。,1. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine.,对医学中营养学疗法的价值从无知到否定，这样的一种趋势在这里开始了。,the beginning
7、of what lay herein 有一件事情的开端在这里出现,ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of.最终从无知到否定关于医学中营养学疗法的价值。,2. Surrounding the column are three sepals萼片and three petals花瓣, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes.,围绕着蕊柱的是三个萼片和三个花瓣，有时很容易辨认出来，
8、但经常被扭成华丽、 奇特但总是有用的形状。,3. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression.,随着二战带来的持续繁荣以及随之而来的经济增长，年轻人比大萧条
9、中的同龄人结婚成家更早，而且养育的家庭比他们的前辈更大。,4. Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the countrys impressive population growth.,The countrys impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War,这个国家给人留下深刻印象的人口增长
10、是来了解二战后20年加拿大这个国家的基础。 要想了解二战后20年加拿大这个国家，就需要了解这个国家给人留下深刻印象的人口增长。,5.Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear（养育） their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets.,
11、common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets are among the species of seabirds,common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets are among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summe
12、r to mate, lay eggs, and rear（养育） their young 普通的海鸥、大西洋海鹦、黑脚三指鸥和塘鹅是海鸟，他们在夏天时利用加拿大大西洋海岸被风吹扫的悬崖峭壁来交配、生蛋和养育后代。,1.The technique of direct carving was a break with the nineteenth-century tradition in which the making of a clay model was considered the creative act and the work was then turned over to stu
13、dio assistants to be cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble.,直接雕刻是19世纪传统的突破，在传统的做法中，有这样两件事情：1 制作粘土模型被认为是一种创造性的艺术，2 这些作品（指的是粘土模型）被交到了助手那里，（这里有两个or，分别连接谁和谁，谁和谁并列）要么被铸造成石膏或青铜。要么被雕刻成大理石。,2. Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart,
14、the most obvious difference being that it is often much heavier.,任何处理过化石骨头的人都知道它通常不完全像它现代的对应物（副本），最明显的不同是它通常会重很多。,3.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods; since 1790s, North American entrepreneurs - even without technological improvements - had broa
15、dened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process .,产量方面所取得的令人映像深刻的收获（好的收获）主要来自于工人生产产品这样一种方式。 自18世纪90年代以来，北美的企业家们尽管技术上没有发展但已经还是扩大了外包工系统的范围。什么样的系统呢，使得手工生产效率更高的系统。
16、通过什么方式呢，by 方式状语，通过把原材料给一系列的工人们这样一种方式，什么样的工人呢，处于生产过程中的单个环节上的工人。,4.The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century.,工匠在18世纪被看
17、做是技工或是技术熟练的工人，现在经常被认为是艺术家，这样一个事实，要归因于Arts and Crafts Movement手工艺品运动。,5.A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Bbyrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspi
18、ring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.,一些艺术收藏家把欧洲艺术的传统介绍给了这些殖民者，这些殖民者有参观他们尤其是有抱负的艺术家的画廊的特权。艺术收藏家们还在各自的领域内建立起了一套关于艺术的价值思想，以及对制度的需求，这种制度关注的是一种激励。,6.Implicit in it is an aesthetic（美学） princip
19、le as well that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony .,美学原则也暗含其中，什么样的美学原则？媒介具有某种美丽的性质和表达能力，什么样的表达（with which是定语从句），雕刻者必须把自己的美学敏感性用这种表达带入到一种和谐中。,7.Most important, perhaps, was that they had all mai
20、ntained with a certain fidelity（忠贞; 忠诚）a manner of technique and composition作品（如乐曲 诗或书）consistent with those of Americas first popular landscape artist, Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River .,他们都能用一种忠诚来维持一种技能方法和作品是很重要的，这些作品与美国首位著名的风景画艺术家Th
21、omas Cole风格一致，他在Hudson河畔做了一副专业的风景画the Catskill Mountain scenery。,8. With the turn-of-century Crafts movement and the discovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration, such as wooden African figures and masks, there arose a new urge（n欲望，v驱策）for hands-on, personal execution of art and an interaction
22、 with the medium.,随着世纪之交的手工艺品运动以及非传统资源灵感的发现，例如木质非洲雕像和面具，兴起了一种新的欲望，（对什么的欲望）对传承个人作品和有媒介参与的作品的欲望。,9. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.,一种理解是和关注相一致的。（什么样的关注呢？）对物种和栖息地不断消失的现象的关注。（什么样的理解呢？）生物多样性即在一个特定的生态系统中物种的数目，对地球和人类的健康有重要作用。,我们越来越关注生物多样性对于地球和人类的健康的影响，以至于我们开始去关注不断开始出现的物种和栖息地的消失。,
