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长白落叶松人工林树冠形状的模拟_英文_李凤日.pdf

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1、40 5 200 4 M90.6)(see Fig.1B).The crown profile models, including branch diameter, branch length, angle of origin, and branch chord length,were developed and evaluated at the tree level.These attributes of primary branches for aspecified treeweremainly relat-ed to DINC.DBH and HT were adequate varia

2、blesof tree forsummarizing the effectsof external conditions on the crownprofile.The recommend models appear to perform well and consistently reflect the observed patterns of crown profile ofprimary branches for different tree size.All crown shapes are parabolic in theupperand middle part of crown,

3、and followapproximately cylinder at lowerpart of crown.Relative to small tree, largetrees are more round crown shape.The crown23 5 : = 3 Eshapes of different tree size almost havesame pattern in the uppercrown that DINC ranged from0 to3m, becauseof freefrom inter_trees competition.Therefore, the cro

4、wn forms of the exposed portion invariant among tree sizes in L.olgensisplantations.The general development of crown fora given standwas illustrated in this study.In futurework, as more trees willbe sampled across awider variety of stand conditions, opportunities will arise for introducing more stan

5、d and site_levelvariables into the crown profile model of branches for the L.olgensis plantation.ReferencesBaldwin V C Jr, Peterson K D.Predicting the crown shapeof loblolly pine trees.Can J For Res, 1997, 27:102-107Cluzeau C N, Goff L, Ottorini J M.Development of primary branches and crown profile

6、of Fraxinus excelsior.Can J For Res, 1994, 24:2315-2323Cochrance L, Ford E D.Growth of aSitka spruce plantation:analysis and stochasticdescription ofthe developmentofthe branching structure.J Appl Ecology,1978,15:227-244Cole W G, Lorimer C G.Predicting tree growth from crown variables in managed nor

7、thern hardwood stands.For EcolManage, 1994, 67:159-175Collin F, Houllier F.Branchiness ofNorway spruce in northeasternFrance:predicting themain crown characteristics from usualtreemeasurements.AnnSciFor,1992, 48:511-538Deleuze C, Herve J C, Colin F et al.Modelling crown shape of Picea abies:spacing

8、effects.Can J For Res, 1996, 26:1957-1966Doruska PF, Burkhart H E.Modeling thediameter and locationaldistribution of brancheswithin the crown of loblolly pine trees in unthinned plantations.Can JFor Res, 1994, 24:2362-2376Gilmore, DW 2001 Equations to describe crown allometry of Larix require localv

9、alidation.For EcolManage 148 :109-116Hann DW.An adjustable predictor of crown profile for stand-grown Douglas-fir trees.For Sci, 1999, 45(2):217-225Hashimoto R.Analysis of the morphology and structure of crowns in ayoung Sugi(Cryptomeriajaponica)stand.Tree Physiology, 1990, 6:119-134Ishii H, Clement

10、J P, Shaw D C.Branch growth and crown form in old coastalDouglas_fir For EcolManage, 2000, 131:81-91KajiharaM.Studies on the morphology and dimensions of tree crowns in even_aged stand of Sugi I:Crown morphologywithin a stand.J Jpn For Soc, 1976, 58:97-103(in Japanese, with English abstract)Li F R,

11、QiX B, Li GM.Modelofcrown structurefor larch plantation.In Proc.4th Seminar on PlantPopulation Ecology in China, Advances and PresentSitu-ations in Plant Population Ecology, by Zhu N.(editor), 1994, 74-81(in Chinese, with English abstract)Li F R, Yun J H.Effective crown form ofChangbai Larch(Larix o

12、lgensis)plantation in ChangbaiMountain.J Kor ForSoc, 1996, 85(4):557-564Maguire DA, Johnston S M, CahillJ.Predicting branch diameters on second_growth Douglas_fir from tree_leveldescriptors.Can J For Res, 1999, 29:1829-1840Maguire DA, M Moeur, BennettW S.Modelsfor describing basaldiameter and vertic

13、al distribution of primary branches in youngDouglas_fir.For EcolManage,1994, 63:23-55Mkinen H, Colin F.Predicting branch angle and branch diameter of Scots pine from usualtreemeasurements and stand structural information.Can J For Res,1998, 28:1686-1696Mayer DG, Butler DG.Statistical validation.Ecol

14、Modeling, 1993, 68:21-32Michell K J.Dynamics and simulated yield of Douglas-fir.For SciMonograph, 1975:17Raulier F, Ung CH, Ouellet D.Influence of social status on crown geometry and volume increment in regular and irregular black spruce stands.Can J For Res,1996, 26:1742-1753Roeh R L, Maguire DA.Cr

15、own profile models based on branch attributes in coastal Douglas_fir.Forest Ecology and Management, 1997, 96:77-100SAS Institute Inc.SAS STAT User s Guide, version 60 edition.SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina, 1990Zeide B.Analysis of growth equations.For Sci, 1993, 39(2):594-616Zhu C Q, LeiJ P, Liu XD, et al.Crown structure of poplar trees in intensive and extensivemanagement plantations.ScientiaSilvaeSinicae, 2000, 36(2):60-68(in Chinese, with English abstract)24 S40

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