1、1,Revision for Modal Verbs,2,The basic uses of Modal Verbs,3,1. Can,Could 过去式；语气更委婉,Can 表示习惯能力，而be able to表示经过那里而做成了某事。2. 在否定结构中，二者可以互换。,1.在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行为的可能性猜测。“不可能做过”2. 在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做”,The door was lacked. She couldnt have been at home.You could have been more careful.,1“能”,2.可以,3.可能（否定疑问句中）,
2、4,1. May,过去式Might ；语气更委婉,1. 肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测“可能做过”2. Might+have+p.p表示虚拟，表“劝告、责备之意。”,Eg. 1. She may be still waiting for us. 2. May I come in? 3.May you have a happy holiday.,Eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday. 2. You might have told me earlier.,可能,可以,祝,5,1. Must,表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句，而mustnt 表示“禁止
3、、不准”,Must表示主观Have to表示客观需求Have got to 多见于口语,3. must + have +p.p,对过去事情的肯定猜测。“一定做过”,Eg. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.,6,1、Shall /should,2、shall/should + have +p.p ought to,表示本应该做而未做。,should 过去式 语气更委婉,Eg. You should have been five minutes ago.,“好吗”,该.一定竟然,7,Will/ would,1、Would 后只能接表示
4、动作的动词。,2、used to 则还可以接表示状态的动词。Eg. He used to be a worker.,会,将会,可以,总是、惯于,8,1、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；条件从句中。 eg. 1. Dare you go here alone? 2. How dare you do such foolish things? 3. I wont allow you to swim in the river, even if you dare do it.,Dare / dared,2 、做实意动词后加不定式。 eg. I have never dared to tell him abou
5、t it.,9,Need /needed,1、情态动词用于否定句，疑问句。,2、实意动词用法似dare,用作不定式。,3、need + not + have +p.p 表示“本来不需要做而做了。,10,Ought to,1、其否定式为ought not to,2、ought to + have + p.p 表示本来应该做而没有做到。,Eg. You ought not to have cut away the trees around the old building.,11,三点说明,1、情态动词 + v 表示对现在或将来动作的猜测。 情态动词 + have + p.p表示对过去动作的猜测。
6、,2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比，多点礼貌，少点冒昧， 语气更为委婉。,情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答： Can you sing? May I come in? Must I hand in the book now? Need I finish it now?,12,must have done 一定做过 may/might have done 可能做过cant have done 不可能做过neednt have done 表示”本来不必做(却做了)”ought to /should have done 表示”本来应当做的却做”should + have done本来应当做的却做,1、情态
7、动词 + v 表示对现在或将来动作的猜测。 情态动词 + have + p.p表示对过去动作的猜测。,1.Judging from his accident, he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now,isnt, he?,didnt he?,arent they?,因must后是实意动词like,因must后是系
8、动词 be,must后接的是be sleeping，是对正在进行的情况推测,1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term,hadnt we?,3.He must have gone to Beijing,didnt it?,hasnt he?,若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句,若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句,若句中不含任何时间状语， 用现在完成时完成反意疑问句,2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very mu
9、ddy，,15,典型错误,1. He mustnt be in the classroom. ( ),Cant,2. You might leave the bag on the bus. ( ),might have left,3. You must have seen the film last week, havet you? ( ),didnt you,4. Li Ming must have been to Japan, didnt he? ( ),hasnt he,几组与情态动词有关的句型结构1cant help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事2cannot help to
10、do sth 不能帮忙做某事3do everything/all one can to do sth尽其所能去做某事，尽力做某事注意：类似的表达还有sb do what one can to do sth；do/try ones best to do sth。4might/may as well最好，还是为好。5can not/never too形容词/副词再也不为过，越越好。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)
11、。,虚拟语气的概念,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were),主语+should,would,might,could动词原形,If+主语+had +过去分词,主语should, would, might, couldhave done,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形,主语should, would might, could动词原形,省略句 在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式,If I were at school again, I wo
12、uld study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.,2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。,insist, order,
13、 command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.,1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略,21,I 情 态 动 词 的 定 义,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能
14、单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。,情态动词有： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .,2 情 态 动 词 的 特 点,情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。,f.,3. 情态动词表示推测的用法A. 对现在状态和动作的推测高考题点击：1. Peter _ come with
15、 us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. (N 1993) A. mustB. may C. canD. will2. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short. (1994上海) A. needntB. cantC. shouldD. may,B,B,must 加动词原形表示“必须做”；may 加动词原形表示“可能会做”；can 加动词原形表示“能够做”；can 表示“可能性”时只用在问句和否定句中。该句的关键在于“but he isnt sure yet”。,neednt 表示“不必”；can
16、t 表示“肯定不”；后两个选项与句意差别太大。此句的关键在于 “for he is much too short”.,3. Its nearly 7:00. Jack _ be here at any moment. (N 1995) A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can4. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. (N 1996) A. wont, cantB. mustnt, may C. shouldnt, mustD. cant, should,C,B,must + be 表示“肯定会”；ne
17、ed + be 表示 “需要在”；should + 动词原形表示“非常有可能”；can 表示可能性只用在否定和疑问句中。,前句表示“你不能玩刀”，此处的 “不能”并非表示“能力”，而是表示“允许”，所以只能用“mustnt”；后句表示“可能会伤着你自己”，故用 may。,5. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. ( N 2000) A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might6. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. H
18、ow _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (2001上海春季) A. canB. shouldC. mayD. must,D,A,此句的关键在于“Im not sure”，既然不能肯定，只能是一种“可能性”。,此句的意思为：“Bush 先生总是很守时，他怎么可能在出席开幕仪式时迟到呢？“ can 在否定句或疑问句中表示“可能性”。,7. - Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (N 2002) A. mustB
19、. canC. needD. may8. - I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. - It _ true because there was little snow there. (N 2002北京) A. may not beB. wont be C. couldnt beD. mustnt be,D,C,此句的关键是“He likes driving his car.” can 和 may 都可用于否定句中，cant 表示“根本不可能”，语气很强；may not 表示“也许不可能”，语气较弱。,couldnt 的语气
20、比 cant 弱。,B. 对过去动作或状态的推测Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (N1993) A. have told B. tell C. be tellingD. having told2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. (N 1994) A. had to write it outB. must have written it out C. should have written it outD. ought to write
21、 it out,A,C,ought to 相当于 should；此句的关键是“He meant no harm”，显然指的是过去的事。,should have written 意指“本该写但实际上并没有写”。,3. - There were already 5 people in the car but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. (N 1995) A. cant beB. shouldnt be C. mustnt have beenD. couldnt have been4. Susan_ w
22、ritten a report like this. (1995上海) A. can haveB. mustnt have C. cant haveD. ought to not have,D,C,此句谈论的是过去的经历，故 A、B 不合题意；must 表示判断和推测只能用在肯定句中。,该句的意思为 Susan 不可能写出这样的报告来。ought to have done 的否定式为 ought not to have done。,5. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97) A. mustnt have arrivedB.
23、shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrivedD. neednt have arrived6. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara. (N 1998) A. could have stayedB. could stay C. would stayD. must have stayed,C,A,此句的关键是后半句，“otherwise he would have phoned me”，此处为省略了条件句的虚拟语气，表示“如果到了他会打电话给我的”，
24、由此可见，他肯定没到。,此句并不表示判断，而是一个虚拟语气。,7. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? (1999上海) A. must have B. shouldC. need haveD. ought to have8. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (N 2001) A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have leftD. n
25、eednt leave9. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. (2002上海春季) A. shouldnt cutB. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eatenD. mustnt eat,D,B,C,4. shall; should 的特殊用法 1. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been co
26、llected. (2002上海) A. canB. willC. mayD. shall,D,C,该句的意思为：“通知说所有的考生必须坐在位置上直到考卷收完了才能离开。”考生坐在位置上不能用“能够、将要、可以”来表示。而 shall 在第二、三人称里面表示一种“命令、警告、承诺”等。,3. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _ be ready by 12:00. (N 1998) A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need4. You cant imagine
27、that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海) A. mightB. needC. shouldD. would,B,C,此句应是店主对顾客的承诺。,should 与 how; why 等表示疑问或否定的词连用时，用来表示一种惊奇的心情，意思为“居然、竟然”,5. 情态动词的应答 1. - Shall I tell John about it? - No, you _. Ive told him already. (N 1994) A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt2. -
28、 Could I call you by the first name? - Yes, you_. (1998上海) A. willB. couldC. mayD. might,A,C,此句的关键是“Ive told him already”，由此可见，你就不必再对他说了。,在回答 “Could I ”这类婉客气的请求时，只能回答“Yes, you can 或 may”。不能用 could 或 might。,3. - Will you stay for lunch? - Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (N 1999) A. I mustnt
29、B. I cantC. I needntD. I wont4. - Write to me when you get home. - _. (2001北京春季) A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can,B,C,此句的关键是 “My brother is coming to see me.” 所以我不能在这儿吃饭。,在回答对方的请求或命令时，应该用 “Yes, I will.”而不能使用 would 或 should。,6. 情态动词的其它一些用法1. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. (1996上海) A. dar
30、e to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (N 1997) A. had toB. wouldC. was able toD. could3. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. (1996上海) A. wouldB. shouldC. had betterD. might,D,C,A,注意比较 dare 和 need 的两种词性的不同用法。,注意比较 could 与 was able to 的用法区别。,would 在此处表示过去惯常的动作。,
