1、历年考研英语翻译真题长难句中词义的正确选择历年考研英语翻译真题长难句中词义的正确选择.txt 你不用一上线看见莪在线，就急着隐身，放心。莪不会去缠你。说好的不离不弃 现在反而自己却做不到 历年考研英语翻译真题长难句中词义的正确选择【真题例句】It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. (
2、2009-46)【结构分析】以分号入手，本句是并列复合句。固定句型 It may be said that 引出由 that 引导的名词性从句 that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience 作主语，物主代词 its 根据就近原则指代上文 any social institution，介词短语in enlarging and improving experience 后置作 effect 的定语。分号后转折并列部分代词 this
3、 (effect)承接上文 its effect in enlarging and improving experience，之后物主代词 its(its original motive)的再度出现仍然指代句首交代的 any social institution。【词义选择】介宾结构 in enlarging and improving experience 部分，宾语部分为动名词短语，enlarge 和 improve 的宾语是 experience(经验)，所以分别译为(enlarge) “丰富”而不是“扩大”;improve 译为“提升”而不是“改善” 。【参考译文】或许可以说，任何社会
4、机构的价值衡量尺度是它在丰富和提升经验方面所起到的作用，但这种作用并非是它原来动机的一部分。【真题例句】Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. (2009-47)【结构分析】以 and 为切入点，本句是并列句。两个并列分句中，均提前了 only+副词(作状语)构成部分倒装，并都表现了被动语态
5、。前一部分我们可还原正常语序为 the byproduct of the institution was noted only gradually; 后一部分我们可还原为this effect was still considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution only more gradually。代词this(effect)指代上文整句内容 the byproduct of the institution was noted only gradually。【词义选择】conduct 可指“行为，品行，处理
6、，经营等” ，根据后置的定语 of the institution(机构的)，我们选择“运行”作为 conduct 在本句的词义。两次出现的副词 gradually 都作表语，根据整体句意，尤其是后句的 more gradually，我们将其译为“缓慢地，慢慢地” 。【参考译文】慢慢的，社会机构的这种副产品才被人们注意到，而要把它作为机构运行的指导性因素，则更加缓慢得多。【真题例句】While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is no
7、t so easy as in dealing with adults. (2009-48)【结构分析】本句结构清晰，while 引导让步状语从句 While it is easy to，其中 it 作形式主语，不定式短语 to ignore是真正的主语，in our contact with them 在句子中是介词短语作状语，表现为分隔结构，分离了 ignore 和它的宾语 the effect of our acts upon their disposition，我们可还原为 to ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition
8、in our contact with them;主句 it is not so easy as in dealing with adults采用了比较结构，仍然采用了 it 作形式主语，联系上文，不难看出so easy 后省略了真正主语 to ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition。在翻译时，我们要补译上去。【词义选择】根据句意，the effect of our acts upon their disposition 中，disposition 我们选词义“性情” ，不选“配置”;dealing with 实际上换掉了前文的
9、 contact with，为符合语境又避免重复，在这里我们排除“处理，分配”的词义，而选择与“联系”相近的“交往” 。【参考译文】我们很容易忽略在接触中我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但是在与成年人交往时，这种影响是不容易被忽略的。【真题例句】Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
10、(2009-49)【结构分析】本句是主从复合句。句首部分 since 引导原因状语从句 since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life，其中不定式结构 to enable them to作表语。主句 we cannot help considering中，consider 后的宾语由 whether or not 引导的名词性从句 whether or not we are forming the powers充当，句末的定语从句 which will secure this abil
11、ity 修饰先行词 powers，which 指代 powers 在从句中作主语。句首代词 them 指代上文(请参照原题)the young(年轻人)，翻译时我们应补译使全句意思清楚明了。句末代词this(ability)指代上文从句中的 share in a common life，由于前后文联系紧密，我们可直译为“这种能力” 。【词义选择】business 的常用词义是“商业，生意” ，但根据表语所表达内容属于对年轻人的帮助、责任，我们在这里选择“任务”;secure 原义为“拯救，使安全” ，但在本句其宾语是ability(能力)，符合汉语习惯，我们取其引申义“确保” 。【参考译文】既
12、然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人在日常生活中能够分享，我们不禁要考虑我们是否正在形成一种力量来确保他们的这种能力。【真题例句】We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education that of direct tuition or schooling. (2009-50)【结构分析】本句结构复杂。逗号之间为分隔结构，表现为介词短语(作状语)within the broad e
13、ducational process，其中process 后又有定语从句 which we have been so far considering 作修饰语，关系代词 which 指代先行词 process 在从句中作 consider 的宾语。去掉分隔部分，我们还原主要部分为 We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education that of direct tuition or schooling，破折号后为 a more formal kind of education 的具体解释说明，代词 that 指代就近的 education。【词义选择】lead to 本义为“导致” ，本句使用了被动语态，避免语气过于强烈，又根据汉语多主动语态的习惯，转译为“我们需要” 。【参考译文】因此，在我们迄今一直在思考的广泛的教育过程中，我们需要区分出一种更正规的教育方式，即直接的指导教育或学校教育。
