1、1虚拟语气1 表示主观愿望、建议、假想、虚拟、委婉的请求和祝愿等。2 虚拟条件句：真实条件句和非真实条件句。1） 如果假设的情况是可能发生或实现的，那就是真实条件句。If you have no electricity, the computer doesnt work.2） 如果假设的情况或发生的可能性不大或几乎没有，就是非真实条件句，或虚拟条件句。If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and more freedom.附表：虚拟条件句的两个分句中动词的一般
2、规则从句 主句与现在事实相反 did, were would/should/could/might + v.与过去事实相反 had + p.p. would/should/could/might + have + p.p.与将来事实相反 should/were to + v. would/should/could/might + v.If my daughter had time, she would study French and German too.If I had known those odds(概率、机遇 ) 20 years ago, things might have tur
3、ned out differently.How would Kate function if Chris were to die first?If I had a million dollars, I wouldnt have lived anywhere else.If he lived a long life, chances are good that their children will also live a long life.3） 有些虚拟条件句不用 if 从句表现出来，而是通过介词、介词短语、动词不定式短语、抽象名词、动名词短语、形容词比较级、名词-分词组成的独立主格结构、并
4、列句、定语从句、状语从句等形式表现出来。如：without, with, under, but for, except for, given more time, but that, given that, or, otherwise, or else, but, when, on condition, unless, supposing 等。He didnt come to the meeting yesterday; otherwise he would have met the new manager.One scream and I would have been taken to t
5、he car and lectured on my behavior.But for Gordon, we would have lost the match.Hes been watching the water rising for 2 hours, preparing to meet his destiny, as it were - before help arrived.4） 在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词 if，而将从句中的助动词 should/had/were 置于句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句。如：Had I not been so busy, I should have call
6、ed on you.My parents would have killed me had I done some of the things I endure from todays youth.Were she not so handicapped, we would take her to the Alps. (正确)Werent she so handicapped, we would take her to the Alps. (错误，因为在倒装虚拟句中，不用否定分句的缩写形式。)5） If only 是 if 的强化形式，表示讲话人所祈愿的事情会发生、正在发生或早该发生。谓语动词常
7、用过去时、过去完成时形式以及和情态动词 would 连用。条件分句总是放在主句之前，意为“要是、只要” 、 “但愿、要是就好了” 。如：If only you would help me next week, I would not be so nervous.If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you.2If only I had listened to my parents.If only he were not so timid.6） 还有一种类似的结构在主动词的前面要带 only，just 或 but。如：If I co
8、uld just make them understand my point of view. 但愿我能让他们明白我的观点。If I could but explain. 要是我能解释一下就好了。3 虚拟预期也可用于由 as if, as though 等连词所引导的让步状语从句和表语从句中，以及像 wish和 suppose 这样的动词后面的名词性分句中。如：That tree looked as if it hadnt been watered for a long time.Drumming fingers on the window, its as if he senses a pre
9、sence at the window.I wish I had the faith of the man who wrote the letter.Just suppose everyone were/was to give up smoking and drinking.Although I am not sorry I decided to become a journalist, I wish that early on I had chosen to become a therapist. (对过去发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔，从句谓语动词用 had done 或 would/could
10、 + have done。尽管我对我决心要当一名记者并不感到遗憾，我仍愿当初选择当一名治疗专家。)Oh, Beast, I wish I could consent to marry you. (对将来发生的事情表示祝愿，从句谓语动词用would/could + v.。哦，怪物，我希望我能答应嫁给你。 )4 命令性虚拟语气由 should + v.组成，should 可省略，用在 that 分句中。表示愿望、建议、命令、意志、惊讶等语气。请记住以下的标志词：1） 一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词的宾语从句。这类常见的动词有 advise, ask, beg, command, dec
11、ide, demand, deserve, desire, determine, insist, instruct, move(动议、提议), order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge 等。如：The teachers all recommended that German be the first elective subject in this semester.They urged that the library be kept open during the holidays.It is mo
12、ved that the meeting be put off.*但是，当 suggest 意为“暗示” ，insist 意为“坚持、坚决认为”时，宾语从句应用陈述语气。如：Helen insisted that she had heard someone knocking at the door.2） 用于 It is + adj. + that 句型中。常见的形容词有 advisable, amazing, appropriate, astonishing, best, desirable, essential, important, natural, necessary, normal,
13、 odd, preferable, proper, shocked, sorry, strange, surprising, unusual, urgent, vital 等。如：It is vital that she have a job to support her family.3） 用于表语从句。句子主语常常是 advice, decision, demand, desire, idea, instruction, motion, order, pray, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, resolution, s
14、uggestion, wish 等。以及由上述名词所引导的同位语从句。如：His sole requirement is/was that the system work.Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable.5 其他分散的虚拟句：1） 用于 It is (high, about) time (that)的句型中，其从句谓语动词用过去时 -is、过去完成时-was。表示建议，意为“该是的时候了” 。如：3It is about time that you got down to business.There was a k
15、nock at the door. It was the second time that someone had interrupted me that evening.2） 在 would rather, would (just)as soon, would sooner, would prefer + v.等表示愿望的宾语从句中，谓语动词一般用过去式。只有在有过去时间状语时，从句谓语动词才用过去完成时。如：Id rather he called me tomorrow.Id rather not have the operation unless it is absolutely nec
16、essary.3） 在由 lest, for fear that, in case, so that 引导的状语从句中，谓语多用 should + v.，should 可省略，意为“以防，生怕，惟恐” 。注意：in case 引导的状语从句，其谓语动词不一定用should + v.，也可用陈述语气。如：We constantly worried lest a wolf kill one of our fowls or calves, or thieves drive off the horses.Ill let you know in case they come by here.Even i
17、n homes where money was tight, no sacrifice was too great in order that the child have whatever he needed to learn to become a musician.I dont let him climb trees in case he tears his trousers.4） 在 though, whatever, if, so long as, whoever, however, whichever, no matter (what, how, who), whether 等连接
18、代词或副词引导的状语从句用虚拟语气。此时，谓语动词用动词原形，表示推测、让步等含义。如。If any person be found guilty, he would be punished.Everyone was born equal, whether he be black or white.Whatever be the reason, he refused to go.Though he be the President himself, he shall hear us.Come what may, we will go ahead with our plan. (= Whatev
19、er may happen, )5） 用于公式化的表达中，表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。它主要用在独立分句中的 固定结构中，有动词原形构成。公式化的虚拟语气在语体上往往显得很正式而过分守旧。如：Heaven help us！(愿上天能帮我们的忙！)Far be it from me to spoil the fun. (我决不会扫兴。)虚拟语气全真试题1. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting.a) had come b) came c) would come d) would have come 2. The hos
20、tess insisted that everyone present _ a short speech of congratulation.a) would give b)must give c) give d) gave3. I think it is about time we _ our journey to the sea shore.a) should start b)started c)start d)are starting 4. It is vital that we _ every measure to protect the beautiful scenery aroun
21、d the lake.a) must take b) will take c) have to take d) take5. No one would imagine that this city was just a nights journey from here. It seemed as though _ in another world.a) it to be b) it were c) it has been d)it being 46.Id rather you _ by train, because I can not bear the idea of your flying
22、in an airplane in such a short time.a) would go b) will go c) went d)go 7. Without your help, we _ so much in such a short time.a) will not achieve b) didnt achieve c) dont achieve d) would not have achieve8 It is demanded that more evidence _ about the murder case.a) be given b) gives c) will be gi
23、ven d) was given 9. Your proposal that she _ till next week in wise.a) wait b) waiting c) will wait d) waited10. The teacher was very strict and requested that we _ TV on weekdays.a) Not to watch b) did not watch c) not watch d) must not watch 11. The plants would have grown all right if she _ them
24、properly.a) had watered b) watered c) had watered d) waters12 We consider it necessary that a plan _ in advance.a) be made b) to be made c) should make d) will be made 13. Had I been peter, I _ that way.a) wont talk b) didnt talk c) wouldnt have talked d) wouldnt talk 14.But for his intelligence, we
25、 _ able to achieve it.a) would never have been b) were never c) had never been d)shall never be15. Should green plants disappear some day, _ on the earth.a) there will hardly be any b) will there hardly be any lifec) would there hardly be any life d) there would hardly be any life16. Were it not for
26、 television, we _ the events that are happening in other places.a) cannot see b) could not see c) cannot have seen d) could not have seen自测题I填空题1.If there _ (be) no gravity, we should not be able to walk.2. Ann wants to tell tom, but Id rather she _ (not tell) him.3. It is high time you_ (give) a se
27、vere lecture for being often late.4. _ he _ (withdraw) our support, they would be justifiably indignant.5. Though the whole world _ (condemn) him, I will still believe in him.6.But for your arriving there in time, I probably _ (leave) for Shanghai.7. We strongly urge that you _ (not interfere) in th
28、is matter.8. We did not know his phone number, otherwise we _ (telephone) him.9. Heaven _ (help) the sailors on a light like this.10. If only she _ (not play) the violin in the middle of the night, shed be an ideal guest.11. Without your help, we _ (kill).12. Hes a sort of Japanese Marlon Brando, as
29、 it _ (be).13. It is necessary that an efficient worker _ (accomplish) his work on time.514. His proposal is that the dam _ (build) at the foot of the mountain.15. He was terrified lest he _ (slip) on the icy rocks.II. 选择题1. If it _ to much troubles, Id love a cup of tea.a) isnt b) wasnt c) werent d
30、) hadnt been2. It is strange that the girl _ without telling us.a) went away b) goes away c) should have gone away d) should go away3. He must have had an accident, or he _ now.a) would have been there b) had to be here c) should be here d) would be here4. If you _ that late movie last night, you wo
31、uldnt be sleepy.a) did not watch b) hadnt watched c) watched d) had watched 5. Look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I _ your advice.a) follow b) had followed c) would follow d) have followed6. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.a) Had they a
32、rrived b) Would the arrive c) Were they arriving d) Were they to arrive7. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.a) could have slept b) slept c) might have slept d) have slept8. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.a) is not st
33、arted b) will not be started c) not be started d) is not to be started.9. I dont think it advisable that tom _ to the job since he had no experience.a) Is assigned b) be assigned c) will be assigned d) had been assigned10. Had he worked harder, he _ the exams.a) must have got through b) would have g
34、ot through c) would get through d) could get through 11. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.a) were not played b) not to play c) not be played d) did not play12. If he _ on tourists for his business, he would have closed his shop.a) depends b) has
35、 depended c) depended d) had depended13. He took his raincoat with him lest it _.a) would rain b) should rain c) rains d) rained14. If only I _ a few minutes earlier!a) came b) come c) have come d) had come 15. God _ him.a) bless b) blesses c) would bless d) should bless16. I would just as soon you
36、_ the letter right away.a) posted b) should post c) post d) will post17. Whatever _ the reasons for their action, we cannot tolerate such disloyalty.a) be b) is c) was d) will be 618. It is our wish that he _ what he pleases.a) does b) do c) did d) should do19 It was essential that the application f
37、orms _ back before the deadline.a) must be sent b) would be sent c) should be sent d) were sent 20.Iif he were interested in buying the property, he _ an offer before now.a) would have made b) would make c) must have made d) had made21.We feel it is urgent that this deficiency_ early in a students c
38、ollege career.a) is corrected b) was corrected c) be corrected d) would be corrected22.Araham Lincoln insisted that _ not just on mere opinion but on moral purpose.a) to base democracy b)for democracy to be based c) democracy be based d) whenever democracy is based23.Was it necessary that my uncle _
39、 informed?a) be b) was c) were d) would be 24. If it hadnt been for your help, we _ in the experiments within such a short period time.a) couldnt succeed b) couldnt have succeeded c) shouldnt succeed d) shouldnt have succeeded25. John went to the stadium by taxi yesterday, otherwise he _ the game,a)
40、 would miss b) would have missed c) missed d) had missed III. 改错题1. Sammy looks as though he has never got a square meal, but in face his parents feed him very well.2. Was john here now, he would explain the whole matter.3. I sometimes wish that my university is as large as yours.4. I wish I started
41、 to study mathematics years ago.5. Our principal, Mr. Smith, requested that we did not watch TV on week nights.6. It is high time that the controversies put an end to.7. He looked like he had been in some strange land where age advanced at a double pace.8. I would just as soon you hadnt driven the car while Im gone.9. Oh, if he only knows how we miss him.10. Suppose that the teacher will catch us wasting time.
