1、必修三 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,常考单词,harmful (三年1考); exist; pull,冷点词汇,常考短语,in time (三年1考); cheer up (三年1考); in ones turn,prevent .from； puzzle; now that； watch out,常考句型,make it possible for sb. to do sth. (三年5考),(二)重点单词.根据提示，写出下列单词的适当形式1 adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 n暴力 adv.暴力地；猛烈地2 prep.不同；不像 vt.喜
2、欢prep.相像_ adj.可能的3 adj.有害的 n& v伤害_ adj.无害的4 vi.存在；生存 n存在；生存,violent,violence,violently,unlike,like,likely,harmful,harm,harmless,exist,existence,.语境填词5A report on among middle school and high school students indicates that most incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱) (vio
3、lence)6This object gives off gases. They may do _ to our health. You must make the object before you use it. (harm)7. Do you believe in the of ghost? Perhaps they only in the minds of some people. (exist),violence,violent,harmful,harm,harmless,existence,exist,(三)帮你记单词与“太空”有关的单词除了本单元的astronomer; glob
4、e; gravity; satellite外，常见的高频单词还有：1 n. 宇航员3 n. 行星5 n. 宇宙7 vt. 发射,2. n轨道 4. n. 航天飞机6. v. 探索；勘探8. adj. 太阳的；日光的,astronaut,planet,universe,launch,orbit,shuttle,explore,solar,(一)写出下列短语的汉语意思1in time_2break out _3give birth to _4in ones turn _5prevent .from _6block out _7cheer up _8watch out _,及时,(战争，火灾，疾病等
5、的)突然爆发,产生；分娩,轮到某人；接着,阻止；制止,挡住(光线),感到高兴，感到振奋,密切注视；当心；提防,教材原句What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。,(1)be harmful to 对有害(2)harm n& vt. 伤害；
6、损害 do harm to sb./do sb. harm 对某人有害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处(3)harmless adj. 无害的 harmlessness n. 无害,层级训练,.基础题 根据英汉提示完成小片段玩电脑游戏不仅对你的身体健康有害，而且对你的身心健康也有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。Playing computer games will not only do great your physical health, but it is also to your mental health.So advising
7、 you to give it up.,harm to,harmful,there is no harm in,.能力题 高考作文高级表达尽管他们有很多成功之处，但是很多大坝也导致了明显的对环境有害的变化。(2012湖南Writing Section A)Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes .,that prove harmful,教材原句They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 milli
8、on years.它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了一亿四千多年。,(1)exist in 存在于中 exist on 靠生活/生存 There exists . 某地有(2)existence n. 存在；生活 in existence 现存的；现有的 come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在,层级训练,.基础题 介词填空Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist his mind. The old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only
9、existed milk ever since. The Imperial Palace in Beijing has been existence for more than 500 years.,in,on,in,.能力题 英汉互译很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。_Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. (2012江西阅读C)_,There existed huge animals on the earth a long time ago.,“大哥哥大姐姐”俱乐部存在于世界各地。,教材原句As
10、 the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。,层级训练,.基础题 介、副词填空The driver pulled at the gate of our school.Daddy and I ran quickly towards her, and pulled her .The train has pulled ，
11、and the passengers are boarding it now.Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled _has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.(2012湖北多选),up,out,in,down,.能力题 句式升级_(把练习改成分词短语作结果状语)_ (把练习改成独立主格结构),Daddy and I ran quickly towards her, pulling her out.,The
12、train having pulled in, the passengers are boarding it now.,教材原句They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸汽和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。,层级训练,.基础题 写出下列句中in time的含义Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.(2010江西阅读A
13、)_Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard. _Working hard made him successful in time._,及时,迟早,终于,.能力题 根据英汉提示完成小片段我曾一度对滑冰十分痴迷，然而却时而摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。 I grew crazy about skating. However, I fell onto the ground , but I knew that I would be skilled if I lacked of practice.,At on
14、e time,from time to time,at no time,.高考单选题(2012江苏高考)Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, just _ to avoid the racing car.Ain timeBin caseCin need Din vain解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：“谢天谢地，你安全了！”“我向后退了一步，正好及时避过了赛车。”in time意为“及时”；in case意为“万一；假使”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳；无济于事”。根据语境可知A项正确。答案：A,教材原句Thus they have,
15、in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。,关键一点by turns是“交替”“轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行； 如表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。,层级训练,.基础题 完成句子我们两个人轮流做家务。1 We two to do the housework.2 We two do the housework .孩子们逐一自报姓名。The children called out their names .这部书时而妙趣横生，时而悲悲戚戚。The
16、 book is, , funny and very sad.,take turns,by turns,in turn,by turns,：能力题高考作文高级表达结果是(It turned out that .) 她的右腿摔断了，她不得不躺在医院里。 (2011北京书面表达),It turned out that her right leg was broken and she had to stay in the hospital.,教材原句I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship ca
17、bin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. 我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。,(1)cheer .on 为鼓气；向喝彩(2)cheering adj. 能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的 cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的 cheerless adj. 阴冷的；阴暗的；阴郁的；不快乐的(3)cheers (用于祝酒)干杯；再见,层级训练,.基础题 根据英汉提示完成小片段这个令人鼓舞的消息使得这个忧郁的小男孩高兴起来，他的父母亲也感到高兴。
18、The news made the boy , which made his parents too. .能力题 翻译句子我们所做的是给我们的队加油。_,cheering,cheerless,cheerful,cheer up,What we had done was to cheer our team on.,.高考单选题 (2011浙江高考)If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.Abeing cheeredBbe
19、 cheeredCto be cheered Dwere cheered解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语意“如果他们在今晚的决赛中获胜的话，他们队将环游城市，接受他们热情的支持者的欢呼”可知，此处应用动词不定式表示将来。故选C项。答案：C,(1)这是“make it形容词/名词to do sth.”句型。该句型 中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名 词为宾语补足语。 During this week, make it a rule to jog every day. 在这一周当中要养成天天进行慢跑的习惯。,(2) it作形式宾语，除指代不定式结构外，还可指代that引导 的宾语从句。
20、 They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job. 他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。,层级训练,.基础题用所给动词的适当形式填空People in the west make it a rule (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.The boss made us (work) for him 16 hours a day.The teacher raised his voice so that
21、he could make himself (hear),to buy,work,heard,.能力题 一句多译精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。1 Mastering the technology _ the Internet more effectively. (不定式作宾语)2 Mastering the technology _ the Internet more effectively. (从句作宾语),makes it possible for us to,use,makes it possible that we,can use,.高考单选题(2012陕西高考)No m
22、atter where he is, he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.AhimBthisCthat Dit 解析：考查代词。句意：不管他在哪里，早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。make sth. a rule“把作为常例/定为常规”，句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to go for a walk before breakfast。答案：D,1(2013嘉兴模拟)Is there any hope of saving his life?His injuries are extremely serious, b
23、ut hes expected to _.Apull inBpull throughCpull up Dpull over解析：考查动词短语。句意：“还有希望救他的命吗？”“他的伤太重了，但是他还有希望康复。”pull through“康复”，符合句意。pull in“吸引；(火车)进站”；pull up“停车；停住”；pull over“靠向路边”。答案：B,2(2013芜湖高三质检)He believes that，_， the kids will accept their stepmother.Ain vain Bin advanceCin turn Din time解析：考查介词短语。
24、句意：他相信孩子们迟早会接受他们的继母的。in time “迟早；最终”，符合语境。in vain“徒劳地”；in advance“提前”；in turn“依次；轮流；转而”。答案：D,3(2013海口高三质检)We usually take turns _ cleaning, and today it is my turn _ it.Ato do; doing Bdo; doCdone; doing Dto do; to do解析：考查搭配take turns to do sth.“轮流干某事”及it is ones turn to do sth.“轮到某人干某事”。答案：D,4(2013山
25、东省实验中学高三质检)I hate it when it rains. _！ It will be sunny tomorrow.ACheer up BToo badCNo way DIm sorry解析：考查交际用语。句意：“我讨厌下雨天。”“振作起来，明天就是晴天。”由答语的第二句可以看出，这里是在鼓励对方振作起来，所以用cheer up。答案：A,5(2013泰安高三质检) He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.Athis BthatCit Dthese解析：考查it作形式宾语；句中when and
26、where the meeting would be held是真正的宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补语的后面，而把代词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语的中间。答案：C,6(2013厦门高三质检)The worker earned little money a month, so he had to _ only fast noodles. Aexist on Bexist inClie in Dlie on解析：考查动词短语意义。句意：这个工人一个月挣的钱很少，因此不得不靠方便面度日。exist on“靠生存”；exist in“存在于中”；lie in“在于；位于
27、”；lie on“与接壤”。答案：A,7(2013西安五大名校模拟)Recently a kind of industrial glue which is _ to peoples health has been found in some medicine.Aharmful BharmlessCgood Dfriendly解析：考查形容词词义。句意：药物中发现了一种对人体有害的工业用胶。be harmful to “对有害”，与句意相符。答案：A,.根据提示翻译句子1在这条河流的两岸有(exist)许多重工厂(plant)。_2有些已经对环境造成损害(harm)。_3去年，有家工厂曾经发生剧
28、烈的(violently)爆炸。_4当地人们都陷入到巨大的恐慌中。_,There exist many plants along the river.,Some have done great harm to the environment.,Last year, one of them exploded violently.,The local people got into a great panic.,5听到已经及时(in time)采取措施阻止(prevent)污染的进一步恶化，他们都感到兴奋(cheer up)。_ 6有可能(there is a chance that)明年这些重工
29、厂要搬走。_,Hearing that some measures had been taken in time to prevent the pollution from getting bad to worse, they all cheered up.,There is a chance that these plants will be moved next year.,.加入适当过渡词，联句成篇参考范文： _,There exist many plants along the river, some of which have done great harm to the envir
30、onment. Last year, one of them exploded violently; as a result, the local people got into a great panic. Hearing that some measures had been taken in time to prevent the pollution from getting bad to worse, they all cheered up. More importantly, there is a chance that these plants will be moved next year.,
