1、International Wrought Copper Council (IWCC), 国际锻铜理事会trade association 行业协会copper fabricating industry. 制铜业General Assembly 全会Executive Board 理事会. 执行局specialist Committees. 专家委员会The copper and copper alloy 合金 fabricating industry produces wire, tube, sheet, strip and rods 线/管/板/条/棒 in copper, brass 黄
2、铜, bronze 青铜 and other alloys which are used in thousands of applications in buildings 建筑, power transmission 输电, communications 通信, transport 交通 and industry 工业. Semis 半制成品 Bronze 青銅黃銅(Brass)熟铜 wrought copper refined copper 精炼铜 精铜Unwrought copper 未锻造铜rebar 钢筋Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE)Concentr
3、ate 铜精矿 “The result of the concentration of valuable metals contained in ore and used as input material for smelting or leaching. Concentrates typically contain 30-60% of metal while ores only contain a few percent of metal at best.“Electrorefining “An electrolytic process in which, under the action
4、 of an electric current, an anode made of an impure metal dissolves in the electrolyte with the simultaneous deposition of a corresponding amount of the purified metal on the cathode. The impurities that are more noble than the metal being refined are not dissolved at the anode and are collected as
5、what is termed anode slimes. The less noble impurities are dissolved but do not deposit on the cathode; periodically, they must be removed from the solution by bleeding.“blister copper 粗铜smelting 冶炼Copper Fittings 配件Semis 半成品LME(London Metal Exchange), COMEX(New York Commodity Exchange), SHFEPrimary
6、 Refined ProductionSecondary Refined Productionapparent usage表观消费smelting/refining facilitiesSulfuric Acid solvent extraction-electrowinning (SX-EW) 溶剂萃取-电积法coil 线圈Foil 箔Anodes 阳电极ductile 有延展性的 malleable 有延展性的gutters and downspouts 檐槽 and 水落管surface, underground mining and leaching ,浸矿matte 冰铜 refin
7、ed copper cathodes 阴极Casting 铸造Wire rod 盘条magnet wires 电磁线ACR Tubes ACR 铜管inner grooved copper tube 内螺纹铜管TC/RCelectrolyticalsulfide 硫化物 leaching 浸矿Converting 转炉吹炼Slag 矿渣，炉渣Slime 矿泥slit (cut)plating 电镀sulphuric acid 硫酸Bismuth 铋（元素符号 Bi） mold 铸模Cadmium 镉元素符号（Cd） Arsenic 砷（元素符号 As） Selenium 硒（元素符号 Se）C
8、hromium 铬（元素符号 CrAlkalinity 碱度chlorine 氯气Inhibitory 抑制性的catapult 弹弓，弹弩 solders,焊料，焊锡 焊接，焊合brazes 铜焊 coatings. 涂层gunmetal 炮铜，炮合金 beryllium 铍（元素符号 Be） disposercobalt 钴（元素符号 Co） “sulfides, oxides, and carbonates“火法冶炼为主,辅以湿法冶炼anti-microbial 抑菌photovoltaicbiotaminiaturisationbiofilmcladdingelectrical machinery 电机ecacuated tube真空管 glazed collector上光采热器 ?dilatation 扩张shake-out 轻度经济衰退
