1、2018-2019 学 年 湖 北 省 华 中 师 范 大 学 第 一 附 属 中 学高 二 上 学 期 期 末 考 试英 语注 意 事 项 ：1 答 题 前 ， 先 将 自 己 的 姓 名 、 准 考 证 号 填 写 在 试 题 卷 和 答 题 卡 上 ， 并 将 准 考 证 号 条 形 码粘 贴 在 答 题 卡 上 的 指 定 位 置 。2 选 择 题 的 作 答 ： 每 小 题 选 出 答 案 后 ， 用 2B 铅 笔 把 答 题 卡 上 对 应 题 目 的 答 案 标 号 涂 黑 ，写 在 试 题 卷 、 草 稿 纸 和 答 题 卡 上 的 非 答 题 区 域 均 无 效 。3 非 选
2、 择 题 的 作 答 ： 用 签 字 笔 直 接 答 在 答 题 卡 上 对 应 的 答 题 区 域 内 。 写 在 试 题 卷 、 草 稿纸 和 答 题 卡 上 的 非 答 题 区 域 均 无 效 。4 考 试 结 束 后 ， 请 将 本 试 题 卷 和 答 题 卡 一 并 上 交 。第 I 卷（选择题）一、阅读理解Temples have existed for thousands of years. They are the proof of cultures and civilization that existed many years ago.Gobekli Tepe, Turke
3、yLocated on a hilltop in southwestern Turkey where it snows a lot in winter, the Gobekli Tepe is considered the worlds oldest temple. It is nearly 11,000 years old. There are carvings on the rock statues, mainly of lions, foxes, snakes, cranes and wild ducks, as well as scenes of people hunting. Bec
4、ause heavy snow makes it hard to get to the top of the hill, visitors are not recommended to go there in winters.White Temple, ThailandImmediately upon entering White Temple, you will realize this contemporary, unconventional temple stands out, even in a country dotted with temples. The White Temple
5、 is incredibly different and unique in its architecture, art and design. In fact, it is designed in a very modern way. This temple is all white. It is very hot in summer in Thailand, so going to White Temple in other three seasons is a wise choice.Sagrada Familia, SpainThis symbolic Barcelona buildi
6、ng is famously unfinished. It is said to be finished by 2026, but no body believes it. However, visitors believe its incompleteness is part of its charm, which sets it apart from other temples in the world. You will have to wait in a long line if you visit Sagrada Familia in summer holiday. Visitors
7、 are not that many in spring and winter.Kinkaku-ji, JapanThis temple is absolutely the most popular one in Japan. Whether you visit during the fall when there are red leaves against the golden wall, in winter when the gold is topped with pure white snow, in spring with cherry blossoms, or in summer
8、allowing you to smell the earthy smell after rain there is never a bad time to visit this beautiful temple.1Which temple will you choose to go if you are a fan of modern architecture?AGobekli Tepe. BWhite Temple.CSagrada Familia. DKinkaku-ji.2What makes Sagrada Familia special according to the passa
9、ge?AIt is unfinished. BIt is all white.CIt is the oldest temple. DIt is untraditional.3Which temple is favorable to go all year round?AGobekli Tepe. BWhite Temple.CSagrada Familia. DKinkaku-ji.Recently, many e-commerce platforms, including Didi Taxi, Ctrip, Fliggy, JD ad Taobao, have been uncovered
10、that they are cheating their frequent customers. Their ways are pretty clever. When there are new users or conservative old users, they will give a quite appealing price to attract them into registering and buying goods. However, their big data is not that friendly to the stable users and frequent v
11、isitors. The system always offers them higher price for the same products or service. How does this happen? According to the data analysis, the system knows clearly that although they feel the price is high, they will finally pay the bill. By collecting and analyzing users profiles, buying habits an
12、d other information, big data recommends the same products to different users with different prices.Companies also try other ways to make money, making online consumption far more worrying. For example, video websites always offer 120 seconds advertisements, which drives people crazy. And even if yo
13、u pay for the membership to get rid of the ads, you have to “enjoy” 15-second “private” ads. By broadcasting them, companies make huge profits - second to the membership fees. Also, owning 100Mbps network, you still put up with the slow speed when you are downloading a song. You have no choice but t
14、o become a VIP when you seek high quality services. Users seem to be lambs(羊羔) among wolves. Even though they say,” Since you have money, Ill charge you more”, we cant do anything about it.此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 It pains us that we havent figured out a way to deal with the problem. The only thin
15、g we can do is replacing our iPhones with Android phones if we want to buy a membership card, and applying for new accounts if we want cheaper hotels. Not finding a way to fight back, we cant do anything but accept them passively.4How does big data serve companies according to the text?ABy being kin
16、d to all users.BBy giving a discount to stable users.CBy attracting new users by analyzing their shopping habits.DBy recommending the same products with higher prices to regular users.5What do we know from the third paragraph?AMembership can rid you of all the ads.BOnly by being a VIP can you get a
17、better service.CThe slow download speed is due to your poor network.DAdvertising income is the biggest income for video websites.6What is the author attitude towards the chances of finding a way to fight back?AUncertain. BCasual.CNegative. DPositive.7What is the main idea of the text?AThe big data p
18、rovides helpful information to users.BWe have to accept online consumption as it is.CThere exist many online consumption traps.DRegular customers are richer.Antarctica(南极洲)s melting ice, which has caused global sea levels to rise by at least 13.8 millimeters over the past 40 years, was thought to pr
19、imarily come from the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)considered largely unaffected by climate changemay also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.The WAIS, whose base is below sea level, has long been considered the mo
20、st likely to break down. Besides gravity, a deep current of warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it from below until it becomes a floating shelf at risk of breaking away. In contrast, extreme cold and a base mostly above sea level are thought to keep the EAIS relatively safe from warm waters.
21、But as greenhouse gases warm much of the planet, driving stronger polar winds, some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarcticas once unassailable ice. A cooperation of more than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS
22、actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017.Eric Rignot of the University of California, Irvine, and colleagues combined 40 years of satellite imagery and climate modeling and found that overall Antarctica now sends six times more ice into the sea each year than it did in
23、1979, with the majority coming from West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was responsible for more than 30% of Antarcticas contribution to the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise over the past 40 years. “The more we look at this system the more we realize this is fragile,” Rignot says. “Once these glacier
24、s become unstable there is no red button to press to stop it.”Rignot hopes the study brings greater attention to a part of Antarctica that has traditionally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glaciologist (冰川学家) in California, agrees. “We need to monitor the entire Antarctica and we just cant do th
25、at without international cooperation.”8What is the new finding of scientists?AThe east Antarctica is losing ice at an increasing rate.BThe west Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979.C5 billion tons of ice is added to Antarctica each year.DThe sea level has risen by 13.8 mm over the pas
26、t 40 years.9Which factor leads to the EAISs melting fast?AA base mostly over sea level. BThe force of gravity.CThe invasion of a warm current. DExtremely low temperature.10Which of the following best explains “unassailable” underlined in Para. 3 ?AFragile. BUnattackable.CMild. DUnstable.11Which way
27、does Helen Fricker specially advocate?ASatellite imagery. B Global monitoring.CWorldwide climate modeling. DWorldwide combined efforts.Modern lifestyles are generally quite different from those of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, a fact that some claim as the cause of the current rise in global obesit
28、y, but new results published July 25 in the open access journal PLOS ONE find that there is no difference between the energy expenditure(耗费) of modern hunter-gatherers and Westerners, casting doubt on this theory.The research team behind the study, led by Herman Pontzer of Hunter College in New York
29、 City, along with David Raichlen of the University of Arizona and Brian M. Wood of Stanford measured daily energy expenditure among the Hadza, a population of traditional hunter-gatherers living in the open Savannah of northern Tanzania. Despite spending their days hiking long distances to seek for
30、wild plants and game, the Hadza burned no more calories each day than adults in the U.S. and Europe. The team ran several analyses accounting for the effects of body weight, body fat percentage, age, and gender. In all analyses, daily energy expenditure among the Hadza hunter-gatherers was indisting
31、uishable(难以区分的) from that of Westerners. The study was the first to measure energy expenditure in hunter-gatherers directly; previous studies had relied entirely on estimates.These findings overturn the long-held assumption that our hunter-gatherer ancestors expended more energy than modern populati
32、ons, and challenge the view that obesity in Western populations results from decreased energy expenditure. Instead, the similarity in daily energy expenditure across a broad range of lifestyles suggests that habitual metabolic(新陈代谢的) rates are relatively constant among human populations. This in tur
33、n supports the view that the current rise in obesity is due to increased food consumption, not decreased energy expenditure. It means we have more to learn about human physiology(生理学) and health, particularly in non-Western settings.“These results highlight the complexity of energy expenditure. Its
34、not simply a function of physical activity,“ says Pontzer.” Our metabolic rates may be more a reflection of our shared evolutionary past than our diverse modern lifestyles.“12According to the new research, hunter-gatherers consume _.Athe same energy as Westerners Bmore energy than WesternersCless en
35、ergy than Westerners Dthe same food as Westerners13How did the research team do the new research?ABy comparing hiking distances. BBy identifying wild plants and game.CBy estimating daily energy expenditure. DBy measuring daily energy expenditure.14People have long assumed that _.Athe rise in obesity
36、 is due to increased food consumptionBdecreased energy expenditure makes Westerners fatCdaily energy expenditure stays the same in historyDhumans habitual metabolic rates are unchanged15Which of the following can reflect our shared evolutionary past?AOur physiology activity. BOur energy expenditure.
37、COur metabolic rates. DOur modern lifestyle.二、七选五Why people collect artMany people through history have gone to great lengths to collect art. But what motivates these collectors?One popular explanation for collecting is that they can have financial gain. Some resell works, earning enormous profit. 1
38、6 . Immorally, some collectors buy art as a form of money laundering(洗钱), since it is far easier to move art than cash between counties without examination.17. For them, art is important for other reasons. The best way to understand the underlying drive of art collecting is as a means to create and
39、strengthen social bonds, and as a way for collectors to communicate within these new networks.Collectors are not only interested in creating social links; they are also motivated by the messages they can send once these social networks are created. We all know art is a powerful way for the artist to
40、 express thoughts and feelings. 18. Displaying art can send a message about who the collector really is - at least who she sees herself as.19. Through the collections, collectors convey messages not just about themselves, but about the world as a whole. For example, the kid with the shoebox of bird
41、feathers might show others her collection not just to make friends, but also to convince them about the importance of protecting endangered species.People collect art for various reasons. 20.ASome gain art works in an illegal wayBBut most collectors think little of profitCArtworks preserve the quali
42、ties of their makersDNo doubt art collection is a hard addiction to overcomeE. Some get large tax reductions for donating art to museumsF. It also serves as an effective way to express collectorsG. Other art collectors see their collections as having a broader power三、完形填空My car needed some mechanica
43、l work that I could not do myself. Since the garage I had been taking my car to had _21_, my friend Dave gave me a recommendation: Ds Auto Repair.I was pleasantly _22_ to discover that the owner of Ds was a mechanic who had worked on my car several years earlier. _23_ he was an employee at a gas sta
44、tion near my house. I knew that his work was good.I _24_ the paperwork for the repair and _25_ while D took a phone call from another customer. As I sat there, I looked around the small office to keep myself _26_ A framed newspaper article caught my attention. The headline _27_: “Local Dairy Farmer
45、Kills Whole Herd.” The article was about the _28_ of a fifth-generation dairy farmer during the polluted milk scare in Michigan several years earlier. Dairy cows were becoming _29_ a disease that was affecting the milk supply. The fifth-generation dairy farmer paid to have all of his cows _30_. It w
46、as found that out of the entire herd, only a few were were infected. Because no one could _31_ that the other cows were totally _32_, he had the herd killed and buried to make consumers feel rest assured(放心). The farmers insurance did not cover his _33_ because the state had not issued a(n) _34_ for
47、 him to get rid of the herd. Asked why he did it, the farmer replied “Because it was the right thing to do.I asked D why he _35_ the article on the wall. I thought that he might be related to or _36_ knew the farmer. He said he had never met the man, but that the farmer was a(n) _37_ to him and set
48、a standard for integrity(正直), trust and honesty. He said that is how he _38_ his auto Repair business.I was now doubly _39_ by both the farmer and DThe next year, _40_ my recommendation, my son started a nine-month mechanics apprenticeship(学徒) at Ds Auto repair.21Aclosed Bstarted Cexpanded Ddevelope
49、d22Acontent Bcautious Csurprised Dshocked23AJust then BBack then CIn advance DBefore long24Afilled out Bhanded out Cheld out Dtook out25Astared Breflected Cworried Dwaited26Ainformed Binvolved Cprepared Doccupied27Awrote Bread Crecorded Dshown28Aplans Bfeelings Cactions Dbravery29Aimmune to Baddicted to Cinfected with D
