1、Unit 4 Earthquakes第 2 节 Learning about Language一、单词拼写结合语境，根据汉语或首字母提示用单词的适当形式填空。1. They built a rough _ (避身处) from old pieces of wood.2. That balloon will _ (爆裂) if you blow it up any more.3. Many people were killed or _(受伤) in the traffic accident.4. The dog _ (埋藏) its bone in the garden.5. After th
2、e big fire, the house lay in _(废墟). 6. Although he knew Mary had cancer, the news of her death still came as a s_. 7. Hundreds of people are still in the water, waiting to be r_. 8. They were t_ in the burning building.9. The whole town was completely d_ because of the terrible earthquake.10. The 20
3、16 Rio Olympics are a great e_ in sports history.【答案】1. shelter 2. burst 3. injured 4. buried 5. ruins 6. shock 7. rescued 8. trapped 9. destroyed 10. event二、用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空根据语境，用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。 （每个短语仅使用一次）in ruins at an end think highly of right away be buried in dig out1. He was a warm-hearted and
4、 hard-working boy, and _ by his classmates.2. Years of fighting have left the area _.3. If war breaks out, we shall be called up _.4. Failing again doesnt mean that the world is _.5. He _ learning English.6. Eighty percent of the people trapped in the ruins _ at last.【答案】1. was highly thought of 2.
5、in ruins3. right away 4. at an end5. was buried in 6. were dug out三、用适当的关系代词填空1. The building_wall is white is my uncles house.2. I know the boy_you are looking for.3. Will you please lend me the very book_you bought yesterday?4. The student_the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.5.
6、 The season_comes after spring is summer.6. This is the museum_we visited last Saturday.7. Is this the museum_you visited last Saturday?8. I found some photos of interesting places_were not far away from our city.9. The boy with_John spoke is my brother.10. The girl_leg was broken in the earthquake
7、was taken to hospital.【答案】1. whose 2. who/that/whom3. that 4. who/whom/that5. which/that 6. that/which7. that/which 8. which/that9. whom 10. whose四、单项填空1. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that【答案】D2. He is such a go
8、od teacher _ everyone respects and loves him.A. that B. whom C. as D. who 【答案】A【解析】such a +adj.+n.+that表示如此以至于。句意：他是如此好的一个老师，大家都很尊敬和喜欢他。3. It is known _ light travels faster than sound.A. as B. that C. what D. which 【答案】B【解析】此句中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句，that 在从句中不作成分。It is known that表示众所周知 。4. I d
9、ont like the way _ he spoke.A. / B. as C. who D. which【答案】A5. He has given you the way _ is best to solve the problem.A. / B. in which C. what D. which 【答案】D【解析】先行词是 way，指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用 that 或 which，故选 D。6. In September of 2016, the G20 summit was held in Hangzhou, _ theme is to stress innovation,
10、 reform and development.A. where B. which C. when D. whose【答案】D【解析】句意：在 2016 年 9 月，20 国集团峰会在杭州举行，它的主题是强调创新、改革和发展。先行词是 the G20 summit，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰 theme，故用whose。选 D。7. Captain John Smith was among the first to settle in _ is called New England now. A. which B. what C. the place where D. where【答案】B
11、【解析】此处 what 的意思是所的事物，指代地点。句意：史密斯上尉是第一批定居在现在被称为新英格兰的人之一。故选 B。8. On the bus I saw a student _ I thought was your brother.A. who B. whom C. whose D. he【答案】A9. In September of 2016, the G20 Summit was held in Hangzhou, _ theme is to stress innovation, reform and development.A. where B. which C. when D.
12、whose【答案】D【解析】句意：在 2016 年 9 月，20 国集团峰会在杭州举行，它的主题是强调创新、改革和发展。whose 在定语从句中作定语，修饰 theme，故选 D。10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. which B. whose C. where D. with【答案】B【解析】此句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是 A child，指人，关系代词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故选 whose。五、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A A child who
13、 has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situ
14、ation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read f
15、airy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the p
16、ain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tal
17、es, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so strange that I do not know how to argue with them. If their cases were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a teleph
18、one with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is .A. repeated without any changeB. treated as
19、 a jokeC. set in the present D. made some changes by the parent 2. The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _.A. develops their power of memoryB. makes them less fearfulC. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of D. encourages them not to have strange
20、 beliefs3. The authors mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _.A. fairy stories are still being made up B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy talesC. people try to modernize old fairy stories D. there is more concern for childrens fears nowadays4. One of the reasons why s
21、ome people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _.A. they are full of imagination B. they make teachers of history difficult to teachC. they are not interesting D. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth【答案】 【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，主要介绍了人们对于神话故事对孩子的影响的不同观点，有人认为神话故事都是假的，应该教孩子一些真实的东西。1. D
22、【解析 】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，讲故事要比按照书本直接读出来更好；另外，如果父母亲能够根据情景和时间对故事进行一定的改编，那么效果会更好。故 D 正确。3. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知有些人认为神话故事都是假的，我们应该教给孩子真实的东西，应该让孩子们学习历史，了解真相。第三段最后一句中提到了 stick 和 telephone，说明作者以此为例说明这些人对神话传说的误解。故 B正确。4. D 【解析 】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，有一些人反对神话故事是因为他们认为神话故事都是假的。故 D 正确。BA powerful earthquake struck
23、 the northeastern coast of Japan at two forty-six p.m. local time on March eleventh.2011. Japans Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami（海啸）warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.There are more than four thousand Seis
24、mic Intensity Meters in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.There are also concrete(混凝土) sea walls ar
25、ound much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.Costas Synolakis, a tsunami expert at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles said, “Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. T
26、hey had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not expected the size of this event.“He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred fifty years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening
27、 off the coast of Japan.The nine point zero magnitude earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as thirteen meters in some areas.Costas Synolaki
28、s says Japans concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves.Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted5. Where can this passage probably be adapted from?A. A magazine on science. B. A fairy Tale.C. A scie
29、ntific fantasy book. D. A newspaper.6. Which of the following statements NOT true ?A. A terrible earthquake hit the northeastern coast of Japan.B. It was also the worst earthquake in Japan.C. The 9.0 earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan.D. Japans concrete sea wal
30、ls was unable to handle such high waves.7. According to Costas Synolakis, why did Japan suffer such a loss?A. The country has never experienced any event as big as this one over the past 150 years.B. Japan has the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.C. There are not concrete sea walls
31、 around all of the Japanese coastline.D. The government didnt announce its first tsunami warnings three minutes earlier.【答案】【语篇解读】本文介绍了日本出现的地震引起的海啸对日本产生的巨大破坏以及日本对于地震的预防等方面的信息。5. D 【解析 】推理判断。本文属于新闻报道类短文阅读，介绍了日本出现的地震引起的海啸对日本产生的巨大破坏以及日本对于地震的预防等方面的信息，故最可能是来自报纸。故 D 正确。7. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段 1,2 行 Japan
32、 has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred fifty years.说明破坏性如此之大是因为日本人没有预料到有如此严重的地震会袭击日本。故 A 正确。【名师点睛】本文属于新闻报道类短文阅读，介绍了日本出现的地震引起的海啸对日本产生的巨大破坏以及日本对于地震的预防等方面的信息。本文细节题居多，答题时在文章找到对应的地方，用笔进行标记，这有利于后期有时间检查时可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔细理解作者所讲的意思，再结合选项，通过排除法和自己对全文的把握，选出正确答案。六、完形填空阅读下面短
33、文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It is important and necessary for you to learn some knowledge about first aid in your daily life. If a person has an 1 , he needs medical care before a 2 can be found. When you give first aid, you must 3 attention to three things. First, when a person stops
34、 4 , open his/her mouth and see if there is any 5 blocked at the bottom of his/her mouth. Second, if a person cannot breathe, do your best to 6 his/her breathing at once, using a 7 way. Third, if a person is hurt 8 , try at once to stop 9 . Then take him/her to a doctor. If a person _10_ one third o
35、f his/her blood, he/she may die. Therefore preventing him/her from bleeding is your first choice.Many accidents 11 happen at home. All parents should know first aid in order to _12_ common _13_ which may happen to their children. When a person is 14 by an animal, wash the injury with cold _15_ water
36、 before he/she is taken to see a doctor. When a person is burnt, wash and 16 the area of the skin _17_ a cold tap for a while. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the 18 . If the person is badly burnt, take him/her to the doctor. If a person cuts his/her finger, clean it and 19 a piece of paper
37、 round the cut. _20_ should know some first aid in order to save other peoples lives.1. A. illness B. accident C. attack D. event2. A. doctor B. car C. policeman D. medicine3. A. draw B. put C. leave D. pay4. A. beating B. thinking C. breathing D. eating5. A. game B. object C. offer D. injury6. A. s
38、tart B. run C. make D. allow7. A. mouth-to-mouth B. face-to-faceC. side-by-side D. hand-in-hand8. A. hard B. fortunately C. heavily D. badly9. A. bleeding B. helping C. caring D. rescuing10. A. runs B. flows C. loses D. misses11. A. used to B. may C. ought to D. must12. A. deal with B. prevent fromC
39、. save up D. get through13. A. incidents B. affairs C. damages D. injuries14. A. bitten B. threatened C. destroyed D. killed15. A. drinking B. boiling C. running D. treating16. A. dry B. cool C. pack D. cover17. A. under B. on C. off D. beside18. A. wound B. skin C. flesh D. burn19. A. find B. get C
40、. put D. turn20. A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Anybody D. Nobody【答案】 【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了急救的必要性以及急救时要注意的三个方面。1. B 结合语境及选项可知，此处应用 accident 表示事故。2. A 发生事故，需要医药治疗时应该是要找医生。3. D pay attention to 表示注意，为固定搭配。4. C 从下面的句子中可以看出，此处讲的是当人停止呼吸时所采取的措施，故选C。10. C 失血过多会导致死亡。 lose 表示失去。11. B 此处表示一种可能性，故用 may(也许，可能) 。used to 过去
41、常常；ought to 应该；must 一定，必须。12. A deal with 表示处理，应付，应对，符合语境。13. D 此处指的是一些会发生在孩子身上的常见损伤 /伤害。 injuries 表示损伤，伤害，符合语境。14. A 由常识及后面的 the injury 可知，此处应是指被动物咬伤，故用 bitten。15. C 由常识可知，清洗伤口应用凉的流水，故选 C，running water 自来水，流动的水。16. B 在正常情况下，烧伤后应用凉水给被烧伤的部位降温，故选 B。七、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错
42、误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。Im an animal lover. A few weeks ago, while going home from work, I saw an old dog lain on the roadside. I got closer to find that it was there. I fe
43、lt shocked when I find it was unable to move. Someone told me that it was hit by the motorcycle. I decided to take it home and look after it careful. Every day I gave it enough food or water before I went to work. And as soon as I came back home after work, I would play it.To its great joy, it is no
44、w able to walk with little difficult. My efforts have been paid off.【答案】Im an animal lover. A few weeks ago, while going home from work, I saw an old dog on the roadside. I got closer to find it was there. I felt shocked when I it was unable to move. Someone told me that it was hit by motorcycle. I
45、decided to take it home and look after it . Every day I gave it enough food water before I went to work. And as soon as I came back home after work, I would play it.To great joy, it is now able to walk with little . My efforts have paid off.第三处：findfound 考查动词的时态。整篇文章叙述的是过去的事情，故此处也应用一般过去时。第四处：thea 考查
46、冠词。此处泛指一辆摩托车，故用不定冠词 a。第五处：carefulcarefully 考查词性转换。修饰动词短语 look after 应用副词，故改 careful为 carefully。第六处：orand 考查并列连词。 food 和 water 之间为并列关系而不是选择关系，故用 and连接。第七处：play 后加 with 考查介词。play with 和玩耍，为固定搭配。第八处：itsmy 考查代词。根据语境判断，此处表示让我高兴的是，故用第一人称的物主代词。第九处：difficultdifficulty 考查名词。介词 with 的宾语应用名词，with little difficulty 几乎不费力地。第十处：去掉 been 考查动词的语态。 pay off 作得到回报讲时为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，故去掉 been。
