1、(四) Reimbursement of Remittance Cover 汇款的偿付与退汇 1. 汇款的偿付 Since the paying bank is going to pay the beneficiary for the remitting bank, the remitting bank has to reimburse the paying bank. There are several ways of this procedure depending on the currencies being used in the remittance business and th
2、e relationship between the remitting bank and paying bank.,When both banks have accounts with each other, reimbursement can be done through recording the respective accounts： (1) crediting vostro account of the paying bank主动贷记If the currency used in the remittance is the remitters domestic currency,
3、 and the paying bank has vostro account with the remitting bank, then the remitting bank states in the mail transfer payment order that: “In cover, we have credited your a/c with us.”,(2) Debiting remitting banks nostro account授权借记 If the currency used in the remittance is the beneficarys domestic c
4、urrency, and the paying bank maintains the remitting banks account, the reimbursement may be instructed as: “Please debit the sum to our account with you” or “You are authorized to debit the sum to our account with you” After effecting payment, the paying bank debits the sum to the account of the re
5、mitting bank with them.,(3)共同账户行转账 If the remitting bank does not open an account with the paying bank, the former may instruct its correspondent with which it maintains an account, to debit this account with that correspondent, too, or to pay the amount to another bank with the paying bank maintain
6、s an account.,注：汇出行向汇入行发出支付委托书，并在支付委托书上作偿付指示：“IN COVER，WE HAVE AUTHORIZED X BANK TO DEBIT OUR A/C AND CREDIT YOUR A/C WITH THEM”。汇出行向共同账户行发出指示，授权共同账户行借记汇出行账户，并将头寸拨交汇入行账户。共同账户行向汇入行邮寄贷记报告单同时向汇出行邮寄借记报告单。,(4)各自账户行转账When both banks have accounts with different banks, and those banks may have accounts wit
7、h each other, the remitting bank can instruct his correspond bank to credit that banks account and then debit remitting banks vostro account.,注：汇出行向汇入行发出汇款支付委托，并在支付委托书上作偿付指示：“IN COVER, WE HAVE INSTRUCTED X BANK TO PAY THE PROCEEDS TO YOUR ACCOUNT WITH Y BANK”；汇出行向其账户行发出指示，授权其账户行借记汇出行账户，并将款项汇给汇入行的账户行
8、；汇出行账户行向汇入行账户行邮寄贷记报告单同时向汇出行邮寄借记报告单；汇入行账户行贷记汇入行账户并邮寄贷记报告单给汇入行。,1. Payment in advance (预付) 2. Open account transaction (赊账交易) or Deferred Payment (延迟付款),Next,三、Application of Remittance in International Commercial Settlement,第二节 托收基本知识,一、Definition of collection Collection is an arrangement whereby th
9、e goods are shipped and the relevant instrument is drawn by the seller on the buyer, and/or document(s) is sent to the sellers bank with clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent banks located in the domicile of the buyer. 托收体现商业信用。出口商(或债权人)开立金融票据或商业单据或两者兼有，委托托收行通过其联行或代理行向进口
10、商(或债务人)收取货款或劳务费用的结算方式。,Collection serve as a compromise(折中办法) between open account and advance payment in settlement of international transactions. This service offered by banks facilitates a creditor in one country to obtain settlement from a debtor in another at a minimum cost.,按托收项下是否随附商业单据，托收分为光
11、票托收与跟单托收：,Clean collections光票托收,Documentary collections 跟单托收,Documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单,Documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单,三、Types of collections 托收的种类,Next,(1) Clean collections 光票托收 Clean collections are collections on financial instruments without being accompanied by commercial do
12、cuments, such as invoice, bill of lading, insurance policy, etc 光票托收(CLEAN BILL FOR COLLECTION)是指出口商仅开立汇票而不附任何商业单据，委托银行收取货款的一种托收方式。,Clean collection is mainly used to collect incidental expenses（杂费） occurred in a transaction such as freight（运费）, insurance premium （保险费）, commission （佣金）or any other s
13、upplementary charges. On other occasion, clean collection is also used in the collection of down-payment or in the case of service transactions where there are no shipping documents available. 光票托收一般用于收取杂费，包括运费、保险费、佣金或者其他贸易从属费用。,Back,(2) Documentary collections 跟单托收 Documentary collections may be de
14、scribed as collections on financial instruments being accompanied by commercial documents or collections on commercial documents without being accompanied by financial instruments, that is commercial documents alone without a bill of exchange. 跟单托收是指附有金融票据和商业单据的托收或者仅随附商业单据而没有金融票据的托收。,Sometimes finan
15、cial instruments are not included in the collection order because of the stamp duty. 由于有些国家对汇票征收印花税，就不随附金融票据。 In this case, the invoice can replace the financial documents. Compared with clean collection, documentary collection means that banks will assume higher liability because they have the ship
16、ping documents in their hands.,Back,1) Documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单 Buyer may only receives the title and other documents after paying for the goods a. Documents against payment at sight (D/P at sight) (即期付款交单)D/P at sight means that the collecting bank may release the documents against paym
17、ent of the sight drafts or simply against sight payment of the importer.,The draft used under D/P at sight is a sight draft. When payments are made at sight by the importer/drawee, the shipping documents are released to him immediately. However, draft may not be a must under this method since the co
18、llecting bank can release the documents against the invoice, a commercial document clearly indicating the amount to be paid.,即期付款交单业务程序,在进出口贸易项下，贸易双方签订合同，规定货款结算方式为即期付款交单。 出口商按合同要求出运货物后，填写托收申请书，开立即期汇票后连同商业单据，交托收行委托收款。 托收行接受委托后，核验出口商提交的单据后，填写托收委托书，并将汇票、商业单据等邮寄代收行。 代收行按照托收委托书的指示向付款人提示汇票。 付款人审单无误后付款。 代收
19、行向付款人交单。 代收行按托收委托书规定的方式将货款交付托收行。 托收行交付货款给出口商。,b. Documents against payment after sight (D/P after sight) (远期付款交单)D/P after sight means that the collecting bank may release the documents against payment of a time bill. Because of this, when the importer/drawee accepts the bill upon presentation, the
20、bill must be returned to the collecting bank. As a result, both the accepted draft and the shipping documents are held in the hands of the collecting bank. The documents are to be released to the importer only when he makes the payment on due date.,The process of D/P after sight will create a proble
21、m because the tenor of the draft may take much longer time than the transit of goods. Therefore, according to Uniform Rules for Collection under ICC publication No. 522, D/P after sight is not encouraged. In practice, however, D/P after sight is widely used when it has been modified by the involveme
22、nt of another document, trust receipt.,远期付款交单业务程序,在进出口贸易项下，贸易双方签订合同，规定货款结算方式为远期付款交单。其业务程序与即期付款交单相比，在环节存在明显差异，但其他程序大致相似。 远期付款交单，出口商装运货物后开立的是远期汇票。 付款人审单无误后在汇票上加具承兑，代收行收回承兑汇票及所有提示的商业据。 汇票到期后，代收行向付款人提示付款。付款人支付票款后，代收行向其交单。,Back,2)Documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单 The buyer may receive the title and
23、 other documents after signing a time draft promising to pay at a later date.Documents against acceptance mean that the collecting bank may release the documents against the buyers acceptance to a time draft. The importer will obtain shipping documents against mere acceptance instead of payment. The
24、refore, it is more favorable to importers while D/P is more favorable to exporters.,承兑交单业务程序,在进出口贸易项下，贸易双方签订合同，规定货款结算方式为承兑付款交单。其业务程序与远期付款交单相比，在环节存在明显差异，但其他程序大致相似。 其中付款人审单无误后在汇票上加具承兑，代收行收回承兑汇票，并将单据交付给付款人。,Back,四、Conclusions of collection,DP is considerably safer for the exporter. DA offers less secur
25、ity (even with risk) to the exporter. Usance D/P or Document against Payment of time draft, or acceptance D/P-This is a hybrid of D/P and D/A. An exporter stipulates that title documents are to be released only on payment of an accepted draft. It is safer to exporter than D/A.,The advantages of coll
26、ection The exporter can avoid the risk of losing goods in D/P, or obtaining an assurance in D/ A The importer gets partial financing in D/P and complete financing in D/A. The settlement expense is relatively low (only a little more than remittance).,Risks of collection method to the exporter Non-acc
27、eptance of draft Nonpayment of trade acceptance Lack of foreign exchange (FX) for FX restriction,In order to avoid or minimize these risks, the exporter should 1. always make sure that overseas importer is of good reputation and of good financial standing. 2. take into account the economic and polit
28、ical conditions in the importing country. 3. the exporter should also pay attention to the foreign exchange regulations in the importing country so that the outward payment made by the importer will present no problem.,五、Financing under a collection,Trust receipt 信托收据 在远期付款交单方式中，在承兑汇票之后付款到期之前，是进口商寻求
29、融资的时间。此时信托收据就是一种很好的融资工具。 When the collecting bank intends to release the documents of title or the goods to the importer while still retaining its security interest in the goods and/or the proceeds of sale, the bank may obtain a completed trust receipt from the importer. 信托收据是指进口商承认以信托的方式向代收行借出全套商业单
30、据时出具的证明。进口商借得单据后，处理货物，回笼资金，在承兑汇票到期时支付足额货款，收回汇票，赎回信托收据，该项业务即告结束。,Uniform Rules for Collection (URC) 托收统一规则,In order to minimize disputes between exporters and importers, the ICC has established “Uniform Rules for Collection, ICC Publication No. 322” (URC). The current valid version is ICC Publication No. 522 in 1995. 托收统一规则,
