1、剪辑手段（Editing means）Editing meansVarious processing methods and laws of editing. The main means of film editing are to ensure the vividness of characters, the coherence of story plots, the rationality of time and space relations, and the accuracy of rhythm processing.Common editing tools are the foll
2、owing: 1. in order to adjust the space time, or extension of time to expand space, increase the dramatic rendering and adjust the rhythm by cutting multipurpose, repeatedly inserted and transplantborrow technique; 2. screen lattice ellipsis and dug in the middle of the picture mosaic extension metho
3、d; 3. vocal digging, string change shift delete method; 4. using motion connection lens and using motion illusion conversion lens; 5. in order to get the extension of the emotional aftertaste or abrupt shock effect, special treatment by the lens length; using 6. short scenes repeatedly jump cut enha
4、nced sense of rhythm and plot, the short shot static jump cut caused by the use of special EMFs; 7. clip left lattice “(refers to the number of stop action and camera movement of the lattice caused by instant stability) to punctuation on the role of film language; 8., the use of hidden, and stroke,
5、Special skills or skills such as additional optical trapping special scenes, as a transition between paragraphs; 9. drama paragraphs adjust and 10. additions to music and language (dialogue, narration, soliloquy, monologue, commentary) editing and natural sound configuration. Different clips can be
6、used in different subjects, styles and styles.clipA special montage, is a close-up jump cut to the panoramic camera or by panoramic camera jump cut to the assembled form close-up. The two lens group can make the development of the plot in static or dynamic transit changes in static, special artistic
7、 effect. Using this form of film group to give the audience feeling extremely strong. A sudden change in rhythm produces a special effect.Step lens editingA special montage technique. In the same direction, the same characters from the panoramic, medium, close shot, close-up gradually jump cut pictu
8、re group, or are cut to jump turn from close-up panoramic picture splice. This technique can only be used in a specific scene, in order to portray the inner world of the characters, emphasize the contrast of form, exaggerate the atmosphere, and add the strong rhythm.Variant editingEditing techniques
9、. Clip for special needs to plot, for time and space in the process of group action in the picture material beyond the conventional processing style, due to the dramatic action emphasis, exaggeration and zoom in or out of time and space. Is an important means of mood and atmosphere. It can directly
10、affect the rhythm of the film. Variable grid method: 1. camera at a regular speed, but the director and editor for the special atmosphere and dramatic effects highlight rendering of a scene, time and space by means of the clip to lengthen or shorten an event or a suspense until the end of the occurr
11、ence and development of the distance, to strengthen the impression of the audience the events of the 2.; in order to highlight a persons emotion and action intensity during editing cut some action process.CutEditing techniques. Cut a lens into segments for use in several places. Sometimes its becaus
12、e the required footage is not enough, but its impossible to fill a shot. It has to be used several times, and sometimes intentionally reused. A persons emotions and memories; sometimes in order to emphasize a particular picture of the symbolic meaning is sometimes in order to cause to provide much m
13、aterial for thought; tail echo, resulting in the artistic structure to rigorous and complete feeling. If the lens of the same picture used in several places is shot in advance according to the structure of the play and the direction of the director, it does not belong to the technique of partial she
14、aring.ClippingEditing techniques. Solve a lens, regret and the insufficiency caused by some reasons in the process of shooting and similar medical surgical approach, to pull off such a pause performance process and the excess a long, as well as the camera movement process of a push-pull action and a
15、cting with technical measures no other picture paragraph must be removed.Tailor scissorsEditing techniques. Stitching to compensate for the lack of picture length. Some of the screen material because of the shooting process for various reasons and difficulties, the effect is not satisfactory. The wi
16、ld animal activities such as shooting scenes, the animal did not listen to the command of some special requirements, can not meet the film crew, can only leave the matter as it is. As a result, sometimes the number of shots is very long, but the number of available rulers is very short, which can no
17、t reach the required length and rhythm. In this case, if there is a spare lens of the same or similar drawing, cut the usable parts of them and join them together,In order to reach the necessary length of the picture.Separate shear plugEditing techniques. In order to enhance the dramatic effect in t
18、he process of shooting or compensate for the shortcomings and deficiencies, and the two lens action content, respectively, according to the proportion of two segments, three or more short story, and then press the development sequence of important means of assembling alternate clips. Use the method
19、of shear plug, can solve the following two types of problems: 1. in the editing process sometimes found a two lens or a lens group (such as two characters talking, arguing, chasing or shooting each other), if in accordance with the original script specified in order to wholly intact group together i
20、t is, the lens is too long, too slow, emotional communication and psychological reactions between characters can timely and quickly show, not only weakened the dramatic conflict intensity and dilute the proper artistic appeal. This requires the use of cutting inserting method for re cutting combinat
21、ion of original material, to change the slow pace of the original, which is compact, smooth and bright; sometimes the situation itself requires 2. clearly shows a character of the incident, a sentence and a strong reaction, change the resulting heart activity and two kinds of mutually contradictory
22、thoughts when hit each other by the spark, but in the editing process found at this moment heres footage lacks some of the contents of the lens performance. The cloth in this case, you can put the original material has been used yet in conformity with the provisions of part cut certain scenes requir
23、ed to according to the situation, it needs to be divided into two segments and the number of segments, and other factors relating to the montage weaved together, repeatedly used alternately, a monk to render the mood and the atmosphere in order to strengthen, reveal some meaning or a drama *.Insert
24、lensAlso called clip connection“. Cut off in one lens and insert another sharp person who represents different subjects. Insert the lens has two kinds: one is the writer and director of a side to reveal a characters life experience or privacy, and take a scene in the process (for example, a person w
25、as walking in the street or sitting in the car to see) suddenly insert a representative of subjective view; representation after he was surprised to see who and what the intuitive feelings or cause Lenovo lens. The other is closely related to digging and cutting. Sometimes, in order to dig the lens
26、after cutting, no trace, no jumping, and have to use the lens to make the interval.Clip(1) dynamic connection;Method for switching two connected lenses with apparent dynamic vision. Dynamic splicing should be strictly distinguished from the action splice point. The action splicing point is the switc
27、hing method of the same subject, while the move action is the switching method of different main body lens. For example: a lens is moving in the train, the next shot if the road scene, then, must be consistent with the scene motion and train speed of the lens, so as to meet the requirements of the a
28、udiences visual psychology. Moving to another group also includes a variety of sports lens. In the editing process, we should firmly grasp all kinds of moving factors, such as the movement of characters, the movement of scenery, the movement of lens, and so on. By means of these factors, we can conn
29、ect the lens, and the rhythm can be smooth and natural.(2) static connectionLens switching method with no apparent movement in vision. In the film performance method, no static camera is, especially the story, every shot, shape of the plot, characters, have a positive role in promoting, therefore, S
30、hizutsugu static is relative, refers to the majority of part of the screen shot before and after switching state. For example: a listen to the second in the back call him, a turn around to wait and see, the next shot, if the second place standing still, the lens should be in a look after the stabili
31、ty of the gesture after conversion, so as not to destroy the play of the external rhythm. Therefore, Shizutsugu static also is to ensure a smooth conversion lens assembling method. Sometimes Shizutsugu static for psychological action based on emotions through, get rid of external dynamic clear lens
32、conversion, the emotion in static scenes, rendering the deep and solemn mood. Shizutsugu static also includes conversion and various lens motion in the scene between paragraphs in assembling the static head and tail; it pays more attention to the lens consistency, continuity does not emphasize the m
33、ovement.(3) static connection;The movement of the lens is not obvious, and the movement of the lens is very obvious method of convergence. Static access dynamic montage of the special law. The sudden change from the rest of the previous lens to the next shot, the rhythmic mutation, is a spur to the
34、plot. It is worth noting that in the front of the screen still contain a strong picture of the internal mood(4) moving and staticA method of articulation of a lens that is immediately visible when the motion is noticeable. Is a special montage of the law. The two connected lenses, if the previous on
35、e, is very dynamic,A stationary lens can cause an abrupt pause in vision and rhythm. However, this movement is obvious contrast, declension on mood and rhythm, in order to exercise good film composition, special effects with static dynamic static contact effect even more than some of the transitions
36、 in special rhythm changes, can cause a strong contrast before and after two plays in the mood and atmosphere.Action field editingEditing techniques. With the aid of characters, animals, vehicles, or tools of war, the cohesion of movements and movements, and the similarity of movements, are used as
37、a means of transforming scenes or space and time. For example, use a character orientation lens to block the scene to end a play, then move the character away from the camera and start another play. With cars, tanks, aircraft movements, over or through the lens, then connected with other vehicles or
38、 people leaving the scene again; a scene at the end of the heroine beat the hero a slap in the face, the next scene at the beginning of the male protagonist painfully threw himself on his bed. Usually, the wheels of a car, a train, and a plane are connected with the propeller of a plane. These techn
39、iques change the scene, and also belong to the editing of the movement field.Close-up editingEditing techniques. The end of a play with close-up pictures or the unfolding of another play from a close-up picture. The former refers to the last shot of the scene at the end of a figure in a local (such
40、as head or eyes) or a close-up picture of objects; the latter refers to start from the footage, and gradually expand the field of vision; in order to show the hand method of another game environment, the characters and story. To the end of a play with a close-up picture, or with footage of a play, i
41、s to emphasize the inner activity or emotional character, sometimes in order to express an object, props (such as watches, flashing red light, cross) space-time concept and symbolic contains meaning, to create a complete the sense of paragraph. One of the main purposes of transitions is when the aud
42、ience close attention on a character expression or an object, imperceptibly the conversion of the scene and narrative content, but does not make the person produces sudden beating discomfort.Language transfer editingEditing techniques. Use the latter play, the first sentence and the previous play, t
43、o connect or repeat the last sentence, to achieve the natural transition of the scene transformation.Music Gallery editEditing techniques. The technique of using music to achieve a natural transition of scene. Break the traditional pattern of the complete synchronization of the music with the beginn
44、ing and the end of the picture, and extend the length of the music at the end of a play or in the back of a play. If the technique is used well, it can go far beyond the scope of the transition function. After the music and the painting match, a particular scene has a special appeal. Sometimes it ma
45、kes people immersed in the aftertaste of good things less, sometimes can give artificial pairs of impending disaster and unfortunate premonition.Sound field editingEditing techniques. The use of acoustic elements to achieve the natural transformation of the scene by means of the same, similar, or se
46、rial (leading or continuation) of the sound effects at the ends of the two scenes. The acoustics of this transition are also used as an artistic means of recalling and associating the characters and the audience.Scene transition editingEditing techniques. A representation of a scene by means of inte
47、rvals between scenes and scenes. Scene includes two aspects, one is to view primarily, to foil the lens, with this kind of shot transitions clips, both display the different geographical environment and landscape style, change time and means, it is to view the expressive means. The other is a camera
48、 with a focus and a scene, such as a tractor in the field, a camera across the sea, a X on the sea, a car and a carriage in the city street, a camera and so on. Many films use various vehicles to pass through the lens, or to use still life (such as columns, statues, furnishings) to block the lens as
49、 a means of transit.Mood transitions editingEditing techniques. Using the continuity of emotional rendering as the scene of transition. When rendering the emotions of the characters reached saturation point, the audience immersed in the passion of the infection, with the help of emotion through the conversion of compact scenes, without a trace, play a connecting role, go.Optical skills, transitions, clipsEditing techniques. Additional techniques printed in optical print indicate temporal and spatial transitions. Its a traditional film technique. These techniques have the function of om
