1、5 Important Keys To Project-Based Learning项目式学习的 5个关键要点Well-designed project-based learning (PBL) has shown to result in deeper learning and engaged, self-directed learners.精心设计的项目式学习有利于学生更深入的学习和自主学习。Establishing Real-World Connections In Projects1.关键要点 建立项目与现实生活的联系Students are more engaged when the
2、ir learning relates directly to the world they live in.当学生学习的知识贴近现实生活，他们便能更好的投入到学习中。Building Rigorous Projects That Are Core To Learning2.关键要点 严谨的项目是学习的关键Project-based learning doesnt mean leaving standards behind. You can plan projects that challenge your students and align with core learning goals
3、.项目式学习并不意味着背离课程标准。老师给学生设计的项目要与学习目标保持一致。Structuring Collaboration For Student Success3.关键要点 组织学生进行合作学习Project-based learning provides opportunity to help students practice critical thinking, collaboration, communication and creativity.项目式学习可以让学生进行批判性思维，提高合作、交流能力和创造力。Helping to Facilitate In A Student
4、-Driven Project4.关键要点 辅助开展由学生引导的项目When students are directly involved in planning and steering projects, students become more invested in their learning.当学生直接参与到项目的规划和执行时，会更加主动地投入到学习中You Can Embed Assessment Throughout The Project5.关键要点 在项目进行中随时评估Assessment can be integrated seamlessly into project-
5、based learning.评估要与项目学习自然地融合到一起Expert Milton Chen项目式学习范例 Video 录像Project-Based Learning Essentials项目式学习的要素Essential Characteristics of Project-Based Learning项目式学习的必要特性Anchor锚定问题An introduction and background information to set the stage and generate interest.介绍背景 信息 ，引起学生对本项目的兴 趣。Collaborative Teamw
6、ork团队合作Collaborative teamwork is essential in PBL experiences and is emphasized by every proponent of PBL as one way to make learning experiences more authentic.团队合作是项目式学习中必 不可 少的体验，同时也是每一位项目式学习的提倡者所强调的 让学习体验更加贴合实际。Essential Characteristics of Project-Based Learning项目式学习的必要特性Driving Question导引问题The
7、driving question should both engage students attention and focus their efforts.导引问题应不仅能够吸引学生的注意力，还能确保学生的努力方向无偏差。Feedback and Revision反馈与修正Scaffold assistance should be routinely provided either by the teacher or within the collaborative instructional process. Feedback can be based on either teacher
8、or peer evaluations.老师应当在项目进行中给个人或小组常规的修正指导。反馈来源于老师或学生间的相互的评价 。Essential Characteristics of Project-Based Learning项目式学习的必要特性Inquiry and Innovation探究与创新Within the broader driving question, the group will need to generate additional questions focused more 在导引问题的基础上，团队成员需要进一步思考与探索。Opportunities for Ref
9、lection为学生提供反思的机会Creating opportunities for student reflection within various projects is stressed by all proponents of PBL specifically on project tasks.所有项目式学习的提倡者皆强调，在完成项目式学习的阶段性任务过程中，应当给学生提供反思的机会。.Essential Characteristics of Project-Based Learning项目式学习的必要特性Process of Investigation探究过程Guidelines
10、 for project completion and artifact generation can be used to frame the project. The group may also develop time lines and specific goals for completion of various aspects of the project.项目由完整的计划和最终完成的手工作品构成。小组成员还可以制定时间表和针对项目各方面的具体目标。Publically Presented Product公开成果展示PBL projects are intended to be
11、 authentic examples of the types of problems students confront in the real world, so some public presentation of project results is a critical emphasis within PBL.项目式学习的目的是解决学生在现实生活中所遇到的不同类型的问题与困难，所以项目最终的公开成果展示尤为关键。Essential Characteristics of Project-Based Learning项目式学习的必要特性Student Voice and Choice
12、学生的意愿与选择Students should have a voice in some aspects of how the project might be undertaken and be encouraged to exercise choices throughout.学生对于项目的某些方面应该如何进行操作应当有一定的发言权。同时老师应鼓励学生将其想法应用于实践当中。How Does PBL Fit into the Curriculum项目式学习如何契合具体的课程内容The first decision will be: is the PBL project adjunct to
13、 one or more units or is the PBL project intended to serve as a replacement for unit-based instruction? Teachers may feel more comfortable with the adjunct as this is what usually happens.首先要确定的问题是：项目是接连一个单元还是多个单元的学习内容？亦或是替代基于单元内容的教学活动。如果（项目式学习）被看做是辅助教学的手段，那么老师会感到更加轻松一些，因为这种情况很常见。A comparison传统教学和项目
14、式学习的比较 传统的教学 项目式学习1.学生听有关 货币 与 财 政政策的 课2.学生完成一个关于牛 顿 定律的任务单3.学生 针对经济 大 萧 条写一份 报 告1.学生 试图 拯救 这 次 经济 危机， 类似 1970年石油禁运事件2.小 组 合作， 设计 一 项 能在月球上进 行的体育运 动3.团队 合作建立一个博物 馆 展 览 ，记录 在 1930年（ 经济 大 萧 条期 间）少数人种群体的 经历 与体 验The PBL Process 项目式学习的过程 Video录像Steps in a Project-Based Learning Instructional Project项目式学习
15、的教学步骤I. Introduction and Team Planning the PBL Project1.教学步骤 介绍并合作设计项目v Review anchor and reflection on driving question 学生回顾锚定问题，反思导引问题v Class-wide brainstorming on specific research questions全班范围内针对具体研究的问题进行头脑风暴v Assign teams for the PBL experience 老师为学生分组v Set goals and develop time lines 老师和学生设定
16、目标并制定时间表v Division of labor on research questions (everybody has a role) 老师针对研究问题给学生合理分工（每名成员应担任的角色与工作）v Assignment of required artifacts and products 老师分配学生完成手工作品和最终项目成果（成品）School wide planning process at Sherman Elementary谢尔曼小学的项目式学习规划过 程Example范例年级 导引问题 给家长展示 展示内容概要 所需资料II. Initial Research Phase
17、: Gathering Information2.教学步骤 最初研究阶段：收集信息vWeb searches completed at this point 学生在网上搜集有关这个研究问题的信息vInterviews with locals学生采访当地人（居民、专家）vReview/identify other resources (e.g., YouTube, newspaper, books, media center)查阅核实其他相关资源（视频网站、报纸、书刊和媒体中心等）vMini lessons on specific topics might be offered 老师可针对具体的
18、研究话题，给学生上一节专题指导课程vEvaluation of information. Is it relevant for the PBL project?学生评估信息，判断是否与该项目有关联Apps for Project Based Learning 项目学习相关 APP应用 Pinterest SimpleMind Evernote Trello VoiceThread FlipBoard III. Creation, Development, Initial Evaluation of Presentation, and Prototype Artifacts3.教学步骤 最终项目
19、展示和手工作品的创作、发展与初步评估vStoryboard development 制作项目进度表vBegin downloading videos, images 下载影像、视频资料vDevelop initial presentation and artifacts 准备解说和手工作品IV. Second Research Phase4.教学步骤 第二阶段的研究vSeek additional information to develop prototypes more fully学生搜集更多的信息以使项目顺利进行vMini lessons on specific topics might
20、 be offered老师针对 具体的研究话题 ，给学生上一节专题指导课程vRevision of prototypes and storyboard with new information 学生完善手工作品，并将新信息记录在项目进度表上V. Final Presentation Development5.教学步骤 准备最终的展示vStoryboard revision/additions项目进度回顾并补充vSome write, some speak, some videotape, some edit, some do art, etc.形式：文字性报告、口头汇报、视频资料等VI. Publication of Product or Artifacts6.教学步骤 成果的公开展示vFinal class wide evaluation (maybe even a peer evaluation)班级内的最终评估vPublication of projects项目成果的公开展示与发表项目梗概
