1、目录,专题复习一 情态动词 专题复习二 被动语态 专题复习三 定语从句专题复习四 宾语从句 专题复习五 现在完成时专题复习六 过去完成时专题复习七 倒装句,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习一 情态动词,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习一 情态动词, 重点解读,一、情态动词的一般用法 表示说话人的语气、情态，后跟动词原形，不能独立做谓语，无人称和数的变化。 情态动词有：can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)。这里主要讲解以下几点： 1can (could) 表示“说话人能够， 可以， 同意， 准许， 以及客观条
2、件许可”， could 为 can 的过去式。如： Can I use your bike？我可以使用你的自行车吗？ Could you help me？你能帮助我吗？ 注意： can 和could 只能用于现在和过去两种时态， 将来时态用 be able to 来表示。,英语新课标（RJ）,2may (might) 意为“可以”， 表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可。如： May I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？ You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿衣服。 might 是may 的过去式， 有两种用法， 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，
3、使语气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。如： Might I borrow some money now? 我可以借点钱吗？ He might be alive. 他可能还活着。,专题复习一 情态动词,3must 意为“必须， 应该， 一定， 准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事。must 用在一般现在时和一般将来时中，过去时中可用 have to 的过去式代替。如： I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。 You mustnt work all the time.你不能老是工作。 注意： 在回答由must 引起的问题时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用ne
4、ednt或dont / doesnt have to。如： Must I go home now? No, you neednt./Yes, you must. 我必须现在回家吗？ 不，你不必。/是的，你必须回家。,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习一 情态动词,4need 是一个情态动词， 表示 “需要、必须”。主要用于否定句和疑问句中，否定形式为neednt，表示“没有必要、不必”，用need 提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为 neednt。如： Need we do some cleaning now? Yes, you must./No，you neednt. 我们现在需要打扫卫生吗？
5、 是的，你们必须打扫。/不，你们没必要。 need 还可当做实义动词使用， 这时 need 结构为 need to do sth。如：I need to learn more 我需要学习更多。,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习一 情态动词,二、情态动词表推测 情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都可表推测。其中must的可能性最大，can/could次之，may/might最小。 must的用法： (1)表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“一定、准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。如： He must be American.It is certain that he is A
6、merican. 他准是个美国人。 He must be at home now, for the light is on. 他现在一定在家，因为灯亮着。,专题复习一 情态动词,(2)must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用cant。如： He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。(一定) He cant know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。(一定不) (3)must表示推测时，可以推测正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。 如：He must be at home now, for the light is on. 他
7、现在一定在家，因为灯亮着。,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习一 情态动词,英语新课标（RJ）, 专项训练,单项填空( )1.The yellow coat_be Lindas because nobody like yellow except her. Acant Bcan Cmustnt Dmust( )2.Must I_my camera, Lily? No, you_.Dont worry.Ill take one myself. Ato take; mustnt Btake; neednt Cto bring; neednt Dbring; mustnt,专题复习一 情态动词,( )3.C
8、ould you please come to the museum with me this afternoon?Sorry, I _.I have to take a piano lesson at 2 pm.Acouldnt BmustntCcant Dneednt( )4.You _ smoke.You are only 14 and it isnt allowed.Amustnt Bdont have toCneednt Dwont,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习一 情态动词,英语新课标（RJ）,( )5.Shall I tell John about it?No, you _.I t
9、old him just now.Aneednt BcantCmustnt Dshouldnt( )6.Listen! Is it Linda singing in the next room?No, it _ be her.She is still in Shanghai.Acant BcouldntCmay not Dmight not,A,A,专题复习一 情态动词,英语新课标（RJ）,( )7.Dad，must I do my homework now?No.You_play games with your friends for a little while.Awould Bneedn
10、tCmay Dmust( )8.Teachers dont think students need do so much homework, but they _ make students do a lot in the past.Ahave to BmustChad to Dshould,C,专题复习一 情态动词,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习二 被动语态,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习二 被动语态, 重点解读,一、被动语态的构成和形式1构成： 助动词be及物动词的 过去分词。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。2形式： 常见的被动语态形式如下(以teach为例)：(1)一般
11、现在时： am/ is/ aretaught (2)一般过去时： _taught (3)一般将来时： will/ shall_taught (4)含有情态动词： 情态动词betaught,was/were,be,英语新课标（RJ）,二、主动语态变被动语态的方法1把主动语态的变为被动语态的主语；2把谓语变成被动结构 (be过去分词)；3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.,宾语,专题复习二 被动语态,三、被动语态的特殊
12、用法1不知道或在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，“by动作的执行者”可以省略。如：I wont leave my office until my work isfinished.2不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，不定式前要加 _。如： They watched the children dance that morning. The children were watched to dance that morning.,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习二 被动语态,to,3主动语态表被动含义feel, look, appear, sound, taste, smell等由实
13、义动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词(形容词 / 副词)作表语，主动语态表被动含义。如：Tell me if you feel cold.你要是感到冷就告诉我。,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习二 被动语态,英语新课标（RJ）, 专项训练,.把下列主动句改为被动句1His mother told him not to waste time on surfing the Internet._2Father gave me a toy at Christmas. _3This factory produces machine tools. _,He was told not to waste time
14、on surfing the Internet (by his mother),I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father),Machine tools are produced by this factory.,专题复习二 被动语态,4They should do the work at once. _5The parents named the child Li Ling. _,英语新课标（RJ）,The child was named Li Ling (by the parents),The work should be done at on
15、ce (by them),专题复习二 被动语态,英语新课标（RJ）,.单项填空( )1.When I got to his office, I _ that he_ out. Atold; had been Bwas told; was Chad told; was Dwas told; had been( )2.The problem _ last week is very important. Awas discussed Bdiscussed Cbeing discussed D. be discussed,D,B,专题复习二 被动语态,英语新课标（RJ）,( )3.It is said
16、 that a new robot _by him in a few days. Adesigned Bhas been designed Cwill be designed Dwill have been designed( )4.She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. Ais taken Btakes Cwill be taken D. has taken,C,A,专题复习二 被动语态,英语新课标（RJ）,( )5.Have you moved into the new flat? Not yet. The room_. Ahas b
17、een painted Bis painted Cpaints Dis being painted( )6.A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949. Ahas been establish Bhave been established Chave established Dhad been established,D,B,专题复习二 被动语态,英语新课标（RJ）,( )7.Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it
18、here. Awould be fined Bwill be fined Cwill being fined Dwill have been fined( )8.You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator; now _sour. AI smell Bit is smelt Cit smells Dit is smelling,B,C,专题复习二 被动语态,英语新课标（RJ）,( )9.Drivers_to drink, or they will be dangerous. Ashouldnt be allowed Bshould be
19、allowed Cshould allowed Dshouldnt allowed( )10.The old should _ by their children and be respected by the society. Acare for Bcared for Cbe cared Dbe cared for,A,D,专题复习二 被动语态,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习三 定语从句,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习三 定语从句, 重点解读,在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的(1)_ (前面/后面)。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和
20、关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词一方面起连接作用，一方面起指代作用，代替先行词在定语从句中担任句子成分。,后面,英语新课标（RJ）,一、关系代词的用法 1that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指(2)_。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语则可省略。如： Rose likes music that is quiet and gentle.罗斯喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is red
21、.我放在桌子上的那件外套是红色的。(that作宾语),物,专题复习三 定语从句,2which用于指(3)_，在从句中作主语或宾语，作(4)_不可省略，作(5)_可省略。如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 耸立在火车站附近的那座建筑是一家超市。(which 作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨晚看的那部电影非常棒。(which 作宾语),英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习三 定语从句,物,主语,宾语,3who和whom用
22、于指(6) _，who 用作主语，whom用作 (7)_。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常帮助我英语的那个女孩来自英格兰。(who 作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 和李明谈话的那个老师是谁？(whom作宾语),英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习三 定语从句,人,宾语,二、关系词只能用that的情况 1先行词被序数词或形容词(8)_所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只
23、能用that，而不能用which。如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习三 定语从句,最高级,2先行词是all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不能用which。如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ 3先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，littl
24、e，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不能用which。如： This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 4先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不能用which。如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习三 定语从句,英语新课标（RJ）, 专项训练,用适当的关系代词(that，which，who，whose)填空1Do you know the bo
25、y _ wears glasses?2He is the first man _has been on the moon.3The girl _ name is Lily is my friend.4Can you see the tree _ is beside the river?5This is the nicest meal _ I have eaten.6The animals _ are kept in the cage are poor.7You can find anything _you like in this store.8The people and the ship
26、_ disappeared in the storm have not been found yet.,专题复习三 定语从句,who/that,that,whose,that/which,that,which/that,that,that,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习四 宾语从句,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习四 宾语从句, 重点解读,置于动词、介词等词后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。 一、宾语从句的引导词 1陈述句作宾语从句时，用that引导，且that可以 _。如：We knew (that) we should learn from each other. 2一般疑问句作宾语从句时，用引导
27、词_或whether。如：Please tell me if/ whether you have been to America. 3特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，用原句的 _(如：what, when, which, where等)引导。如： Do you know what his name is?,省略,if,疑问词,英语新课标（RJ）,二、宾语从句的语序 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变。一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序要变为 _语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was an h
28、onest boy. Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/ whether he works hard. When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.,陈述,专题复习四 宾语从句,三、宾语从句的时态 1如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard(that)he will come back next week. 2如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用_ 的某种时态。如： He said(that)there were no cla
29、sses yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用_。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习四 宾语从句,过去,一般现在时,英语新课标（RJ）, 专项训练,.把下列句子改成含有宾语从句的复合句1Mr Smith says，“Jim wasnt here yesterday.” Mr Smith says _.2What does he mean? Do you know? Do you know _？3Can they finish t
30、he work? Im not sure. Im not sure _.,专题复习四 宾语从句,Jim wasnt here yesterday,what he means,if/ whether they can finish the work,4Where will they meet? They talked about. They talked about _. 5Who has beaten Mike? We wanted to know. We wanted to know _.,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习四 宾语从句,where they would meet,who had
31、beaten Mike,英语新课标（RJ）,.单项填空( )1. I dont know_. Ahow often he visits his grandparents Bhow soon will he come back Chow many students are there in his class Dhow long is the bridge ( )2. I cant forget the time _ the earthquake happened in Yushu. Awhen Bwhich Cthat Dwhere,A,A,专题复习四 宾语从句,英语新课标（RJ）,( )3.
32、 We can use QQ to communicate with each other online. Good.Will you please show me_. Awhich to use Bhow to use it Cwhat to use Dwhere to use it( )4. We never know _ he is. They say he is a doctor. Awhom Bwhat Cwhich Dwhere,B,B,专题复习四 宾语从句,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习五 现在完成时,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习五 现在完成时, 重点解读,现在完成时指过去发生并且
33、已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 1构成方法： have / has过去分词(过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。特殊变化参看课本附录) 2用法： (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，可以与just, already, yet, recently等时间状语连用。如： I have seen the film already.我已经看过那部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了),英语新课标（RJ）,(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since时间点”/“for时间段”/how long/(ever) sin
34、ce/ever/before/so far/in the last(past) few years/up to now/till now等时间状语连用。如： Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years.过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。 So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。,专题复习五 现在完成时,3延续性动词 在现在完成时态中，如果有持续的时间，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如： I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了
35、。(用had，而不用bought) I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两周了。(用been in，而不用come),英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习五 现在完成时,英语新课标（RJ）, 专项训练,单项填空 ( )1. Since he came here last year, we _ happy. Aare Bhave been Chad been Dwere( )2. In the past few years there _ great changes in my hometown. Ahave been Bwere Chad been Da
36、re,专题复习五 现在完成时,B,A,英语新课标（RJ）,( )3._ my dictionary？I cant find it anywhere. I_ it on the shelf when I came in. ADid you see; have seen BHave you seen; have seen CHave you seen; saw DDid you see; saw( )4.The Green family_ London for nearly two years. They all miss their hometown very much. ALeft Bwill
37、 leave Chave left Dhave been away from,C,D,专题复习五 现在完成时,英语新课标（RJ）,( )5. He _ for three years. Ahas joined Bhas been in the army Cjoined Dhas served the army( )6. It_ five years since he left for Beijing. Awas Bhave been Cis Dis going to be,B,C,专题复习五 现在完成时,英语新课标（RJ）,( )7.Can you sing this English song
38、? Of course, I can.It _ many times on the radio. Ataught Bhas taught Cis taught Dhas been taught( )8.Tom _ the USA.He _ back in two months. Ahas gone to; comes Bhas gone to; will be Chas been to; comes Dhas been to; will be,D,B,专题复习五 现在完成时,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习六 过去完成时,英语新课标（RJ）,专题复习六 过去完成时, 重点解读,1构成： had动词的过去分词 2用法 (1)表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，也就是 “过去的过去”。如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。,
