1、英专综合教程 3 （第 2 版）电子教案 Unit 51Unit 5Text ComprehensionI. CII. TTTFFIII. 1. Refer to Para.2-5. Professor DePaulos study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small and insignificant. Meanwhile, as she points out, it is common that people take lies lightly: their li
2、es have caused them little preoccupation or regret.2. Refer to Para. 3. According to the passage, the purpose of telling lies or white lies varies: women tell lies according to the principle of caring, or to spare others feelings, and men tell lies basically for utilitarian self-promoting purposes.3
3、. Refer to Para.7-10. The story of Tom supports the argument that little white lies are ubiquitous, and people have taken such lies for granted, believing that they are well-intended. When he consulted with Michael Josephson, the reply is very negative: his mother-in-;aw may feel hurt when she disco
4、vers the deceit some day. Or even worse, she may question: “And what else have you lied to me about?” In short, such white lies may produce mistrust among people.4. Refer to Para.12-15. The consequences of lying are three-fold: the deceived may feel cheated and wont trust the liar any more; the liar
5、 will lose trust and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; and, if lies proliferate endlessly, society as a whole would falter and collapse as trust is damaged or destroyed.5. Refer to Para.16. Not all white lies are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or t
6、elling children about the tooth fairy can be justified. However, you have to consider the attitude of the deceived towards lying and the consequences, i.e. whether your act will undermine his trust in you.IV.1. When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often r
7、equires other lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.2. One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral right and wrong judgments is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.3. The most understandable and acceptable lies ar
8、e those which are told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.Vocabulary (Pp. 83-84)I. 1. earth-shattering very important/shocking/traumatic2. spare the others feelings avoid hurting the others feelings/ avoid doing something that would upset the other pers
9、on3. shaping or spinning the truth telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/modifying the truth4. a slippery slopea course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous英专综合教程 3 （第 2 版）电子教案 Unit 525. at all costs/ at any costunder any circumstances/ whate
10、ver might happenII. 1. supportive 2. perceived 3. prevarication 4. astounded5. undermine 6. faltered 7. fibs 8. volunteeredIII. (Word Derivation)1) unethicalethic n. ethical a. unethical a.伦理学是哲学的分科。Ethics is a branch of philosophy.他的行为不太道德。His behaviour has not been strictly ethical.2) feignedfeign
11、 v. feigned a. 有些动物遇到危险时便装死。Some animals feign death when in danger.他大发雷霆，不知是真的还是假的。He was consuming with indignation, real or feigned.3) unsparingspare v. sparing a. unsparing a. unsparingly ad.他们把男人都杀了，但放过了孩子。They killed the men but spared the children. 尼任斯基对演技精益求精一丝不苟。Nijinsky was unsparing in hi
12、s demands for perfection.他强迫自己拼命干。He drove himself unsparingly. 4) cynicalcynicism n. cynic n. cynical a.他的话带着强烈的讽刺。His remark has a fine edge of cynicism.罗伯特是一个地道的怀疑主义者，他不会不假思索就相信任何事或任何人。Roberts is a real cynic; he wont accept anything or anyone at face value.他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过尔尔。Theyve grown rather c
13、ynical about democracy.5) confoundedlyconfound v. confounded a. confoundedly ad.他的所作所为让她感到既惊愕又困惑。His behaviour amazed and confounded her.你真讨厌死了！Youre a confounded nuisance! 英专综合教程 3 （第 2 版）电子教案 Unit 53天气太热了。Its confoundedly hot.6) lubricatedlubricate v. lubricant n.我需要润润嗓子。My throat needs lubricatin
14、g.我们使用哪种润滑剂，主要取决于轴承的转速如何。The sort of lubricant which we use depends largely on the running speed of the bearing.7) entangledtangle v. tangle n. entangle v.她的头发让带刺的铁网缠住了。Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence.他的财务状况是一笔糊涂帐。 His financial affairs are in such a tangle.她的长发让玫瑰丛给钩住了。Her long
15、 hair entangled itself in the rose bush.8) Willfulwill n. willful a.我被迫违心地在协议上签了字。I was forced to sign the agreement against my will. 只要人有恒，万事皆可成。A willful man must have his way. IV. (Phrase Practice)1) The governor is trying hard to _ the scandal. cover upcover up: put sth. over sth. else so that i
16、t cannot be seen; prevent people from discovering mistakes or unpleasant factse.g. 他忘了把机器盖起来。He had forgotten to have the machine covered up. 你怎么能掩盖自己的错误呢？How can you cover up your mistake? 2) Samantha was amazed when late one evening, Adam _ that he loved her. blurted outblurt out: say sth. suddenl
17、y and tactlesslye.g. 我还没来得及阻止，他已冲口说出了这个坏消息。 He blurted out the bad news before I could stop him.3) He claimed that he had been _ after drugs were discovered in his suitcase. set upset up: make sb. feel healthy and full of energye.g. 你喝杯热饮料马上就精神了。A hot drink will soon set you up.英专综合教程 3 （第 2 版）电子教案
18、Unit 544) Did you ever _ why the man deserted his wife and four children? find outfind out: get information, after trying to discover it by effort or by chancee.g. 弄清楚合同的条件是什么。Find out what the conditions of the contract are.5) Wind and water slowly _ the mountains jagged edges. wear downwear down:
19、reduce or become weaker until uselesse.g. 这一策略旨在逐步削弱敌人的抵抗力。The strategy was designed to wear down the enemys resistance.6) They are going to a restaurant which _ Mexican food. specializes inspecialize in: give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc.)e.g. 其实我们专营此项产品已有多年历史。In fact, we specia
20、lize in this in with a long history.7) A modest scholar never _ have exhausted his subject. professes toprofess to: claim (sth.), often falselye.g. 我并不自诩是这一问题的专家。I dont profess to be an expert in this subject.8) The press _ them _ their breakthroughs in the research into the causes of cancer. compli
21、mented oncompliment on : express of praise, admiration, approval, etc.e.g. 我们大家都夸他勇敢。We all complimented him on his courage.V.Synonym / Antonym1. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common. Synonyms: evasion, equivocation 2. Ninety-two per cent of the teen
22、agers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, and seventy-three percent characterized themselves as “serial liars,” meaning they told lies weekly. Synonyms: chronic, repeated 3. Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are fami
23、liar. Synonyms: common, prevalent, omnipresent 4. Tom dislikes her “special” pumpkin pie intensely. Antonym: slightly 5. How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we dont really mean it? Antonyms: insult, reproach, criticize 6. “Psychologica
24、l barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liars perception of his chances of being caught may warp.” Synonym: distort 英专综合教程 3 （第 2 版）电子教案 Unit 557. Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter. Synonyms: growth, multiplication 8. Or
25、will he feel his long-term trust in you has been undermined? Antonyms: strengthened, consolidated VI. 1. called off cancelled 2. get over overcome 3. abide by follow4. was reduced to fell into 5. dress it up make it more acceptable6. brood over feel unhappy about 7. ruled out removed from considerat
26、ion8. setby reserve for future usePp. 85-87 语法练习答案：I. 1. probability 2. possibility 3. intention 4. possibility5. necessity 6. possibility 7. obligation 8. probabilityII. 1-5 CCBAD 6-10 BDBAAIII. 1. He cant have told us everything 2. Something must have gone wrong.3. She cant be only thirty years ol
27、d. 4. They may not know yet.5. The road could/may have been closed. 6. The police must know that.7. There may/could have been a traffic jam. (We dont use “can + have done” in a positive statement)8. The letter could/may arrive today.9. That will/must be my mother. 10. There should be time to do some
28、 shopping.IV. 1. When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.1. When heated, metal expands.2. If true, it will cause us a lot of trouble.3. Whenever possible, they should be typed.4. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.5. Send the goods now, if ready.6. If nec
29、essary, ring me at home.7. He glanced about as if in search of something.V. 1. discussing; having reached 2. paying 3. Lying; sitting4. to pacify; to be pacified; grumbling 5. repeat; to make; to do6. going; stay 7. to see; to avoid; hitting 8. to arrive; rising9. doing 10. to make; to seeVI. 1. acc
30、ording to “根据；按照”e.g. Youre all put into different groups according to your ability.According to my dictionary, there are several meanings for that word.2. whetheror not “是否”英专综合教程 3 （第 2 版）电子教案 Unit 56e.g. Whether you like or not, its going to happen.They will leave whether you agree or not.Transla
31、tion (P. 88)I. 1. 十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有使他们十分纠结或后悔。2. 尽管承认说谎，91%的反馈者称 “对自己的道德和性格还是感到满意” 。3. 毫无疑问，这些“好心的谎话”是无害的、善意的，也是一种社交必需的润滑剂。4. 如果你没有把握，马克吐温给了我们一条经验法则：拿不准的时候，就说实话，实话会迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。II.1当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯。(feign)Explanation: If someone feigns a particular feeling, attitude, or physical condition,
32、 they try to make other people think that they have it or are experiencing it, although this is not true. Translation: Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do.Practice:装病 装疯 佯作无知feign illness, madness, ignorance2. 搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩。 （prevarication）Translation: Prevarication is one of t
33、he techniques this businessman likes to employ.3. 真理之光有时刺目，于是善意的谎话随处可见。 (ubiquitous)Explanation: If you describe something or someone as ubiquitous, you mean that they seem to be everywhere.Translation: Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.Practice:餐厅里吸
34、烟的烟雾就没有地方躲得过去吗?Is there no escape from the ubiquitous cigarette smoke in restaurants?他可以看到那些无处不在的电视摄像机。He could see the ubiquitous TV cameras.4. 美国许多妇女声称她们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满。 (profess)Explanation: If you profess to do or have something, you claim that you do it or have it, often when you do not. (FORMAL
35、)Translation: Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status of second-class citizens.Practice:她自称对那事一无所知。She professed total ignorance of the matter. 他声称对该阴谋毫不知情。He professed that he knew nothing about the plot. 英专综合教程 3 （第 2 版）电子教案 Unit 575. 一时冲动之下，他失言抖出了秘密。 （blurt out ）Tran
36、slation: On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.6你应该摆脱偏见，抵制诱惑，不让任何东西扭曲你的判断。(warp)Explanation: Warp means causing sb./sth. to become biased, distorted or perverted.Translation: You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.Practice:他受私心影响判
37、断不确。His judgment was warped by self-interest.历史常为偏见所曲解。Histories are often warped by bias.7他是一个过于敏感和富于想象力的人，经常在头脑里编织一张复杂的网络。 （a tangled web）Translation: Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.8他在伙伴中很受欢迎，因为他总是设法不去麻烦别人。(spare)Explanation: If you spare someone a
38、n unpleasant experience, you prevent them from suffering it.Translation: He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.Practice:他没当她的面说她丈夫的不是，以免使她难堪。 He spared her embarrassment by not criticizing her husband in front of her.III. 美国有调查表明，大多数人处于不同的原因，在不同程度上说过谎。有时，他
39、们说谎是为了让别人高兴。比如：装出积极的态度来肯定朋友或配偶，实际上他/她内心却没有如此认可。有时，他们说谎是为了提升自己。这种情况现在越来越普遍了。有时，是为了避免伤害别人，当未加粉饰的实情难以接受的时候更是如此。有人则把说谎看作一种必要的社交润滑剂。不管怎么说，说谎都是为了掩饰实情。关于说谎，不同的人有不同的观点。有些人认为，假话，即便是看上去无害的假话，也可能带来预料不到的后果。一个人说了第一个谎话之后，他就需要说更多的谎话来掩饰最初的谎话，最后会变成沉重的精神负担。一位哲学家警告说，如果一个人说谎，他就（等于）把自己置于一个溜滑的斜坡上，因为他的心理障碍减轻了。 但是，另外一些则认为，
40、我们不必不惜一切代价去避免所有善意的谎言，因为一个善意的谎言可能仅仅是用牺牲信任而去换取关心和爱护而已。对此你持什么观点呢？Exercises for Integrated Skills 1. Dictation Childhood is less clear to me than to many people: / when it ended I turned my face away from it / for no reason that I know about, / certainly without the usual reason of unhappy memories. / F
41、or many years that worried me, / but then I discovered/ that the tales of former 英专综合教程 3 （第 2 版）电子教案 Unit 58children are seldom to be trusted. / Some people supply too many past victories or pleasures / with which to comfort themselves, / and other people cling to pains, real and imagined, / to exc
42、use what they have become. / I think I have always known about my memory. / I know when it is to be trusted/ and when some dream or fantasy entered on the life, / and the dream, the need of dream, / led to distortion of what happened. 2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you thin
43、k appropriate. （点击填答案的横线以后出现正确答案）Honesty is not praised much these days. We pay it some lip (1) _, of course, and we tell our children to be honest in their dealings and with their feelings. But many of us would (2) _ have our children be shrewd than honest. We want them to learn how to be suspiciou
44、s, how to protect themselves, and how to ward (3) _ fast-talking people and nicely packaged, well-advertised distortions of reality. “Chumps,” as I once heard the term defined, (4) _ “people who go out of their way to be taken (5) _ of” and we dont want ourselves or our children to be chumps. Theref
45、ore we hesitate to praise honesty too (6) _, or to encourage it at the expense of common sense, or expediency or the pressures of practicality and the “real world.” Even experts in interpersonal (7) _ tell us that too much honesty can destroy a relationship. Honesty now looks like a dubious virtue (
46、8) _ not an actual vice. It is studied and examined as a stratagem rather than (9) _ a hallmark of character.Despite our contemporary discomfort with too much honesty, the quality remains central to our (10) _ codes and counsels. Deceptions subvert the moral life, and destroy the foundations of our
47、social arrangements. Whatever basis for humane communion is to be found in (11) _ principles of respect for persons or faith in God is eroded by our failures to treat each other as persons worthy of being told the (12) _.Keys:1. service 2. rather 3. off 4. are 5. advantage 6. much7. relations 8. if
48、9. as 10. moral 11. either 12. truthHints: (1) Its a set collocation with the word lip.(2) Its a set phrase with the word would.(3) Its a set phrase with the word ward.(4) Here the subject and object are both in plural form, so the link verb should also be in plural form.(5) Its a set phrase.(6) An
49、adverb is expected to modify the predicate.(7) In this prepositional phrase a noun is missing, and we can get this noun from the context. (In the same sentence.)(8) A conjunction is needed here.(9) A same structure is needed after than. (10) From the next sentence we can get this adjective which can
