1、简析also, too, as well和either用法,一. too, also, as well：都用于肯定句，表示前者怎样后者也怎样。too：一般放在句尾，可用逗号和前面的句子隔开，也可不用；also：其位置大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前；as well：其位置一般放在句尾，三者可以作同义句转换。例如：You need to go shopping and I need to go shopping, too.=You need to go shopping and I also need to go shopping.=You need to go shoppi
2、ng and I need to go shopping as well,二. either：用于否定句中，表示前者不，后者也不，其位置一般放在句尾。例如：He doesn”t want any coffee, and I don”t want any, either.You don”t know the way and I don”t know it, either.,practice: 1. He is _ saying,“I don”t want any bread,_.” A. too, also B. also, too C. either, too D. also, either2
3、. I _ study English and Russian.A. too B. also C. either D. as well3. Not only the children but _ their father is in town.A. too B. also C. either D. as well4. John _ believes that bears hibernate in winter _.A. also, either B. too, as well C. also, as well D. as well, too5. The foreigner can speak
4、English, he can speak French _.A. neither B. also C. either D. as well,few、little、a few、a little的用法：few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。
5、) Dont worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果),名词及所有格,名词是表示人、事物、物质种类、抽象概念的词，它属于一种重要的实词。名词可以从不同的角度进行分类.,1、根据构词法进行分类：简单名词：man chair land water 复合名词：farmland roommate seaside 派生名
6、词：argument ability greatness questionnaire 2、根据词汇意义进行分类：专有名词和普通名词，其中普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。,3、根据语法意义进行分类：名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。,不可数名词的量的变化,1)借助单位词表示不可数名词的量a piece of paper /a piece of wood/ a piece of bread a bottle of orange/ a glass of water（milk）/ a cup of tea a cup of tea /a bag of rice/ three b
7、ags of rice2）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？ I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice,名词所有格及其用法。,英语名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和
8、宾格形式相同，所以它们又统称作通格。当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时，用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分-s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。,定义：名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系的一种形式，名词所有格的构成包括s所有格、of 所有格和双重所有格。 （1）-s所有格的构成方法一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加 -s： childrens books 儿童图书todays paper 今天的报纸,带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇()： girls school 女子学校the Smiths car 史密斯家的小汽车 注：带词尾s的单数名词，通常仍加s：the bos
9、ss plan 老板的计划带词尾s的人名，可加s 或只加省字撇()： Dickens novels 狄更斯的小说Charless job 查理斯的工作 不带词尾-s却以咝音结尾者，一律加s： Marxs works 马克思的著作Georges room 乔治的房间,注意：（考点）如果一个事物为两个人或两个以上的人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词的末尾加s。E.g. This is John, Jack and Toms room. E.g. Mr. Green is Jim and Kates father. 表示某人的家，店铺的所有格，一般可以省略它所修饰的名词。 the Greens 格林家 t
10、he barbers 理发店 at the tailors 在裁缝店the Smith 史密斯这个人 the Smiths史密斯一家人the Smiths史密斯的家（住处） the Smiths史密斯一家人的家（住处）,s 所有格常表示有生命的东西，但也可表示无生命的东西，如：时间，自然现象，国家，城市等实体，度量衡以及价值等。例：five minutes walk 五分钟步行的路程 todays newspaper 今天的报纸 thirty dollars value 30美元的价值 Chinas capital 注：一个七岁的女孩a seven-year-old girl a seven
11、years old girl a girl of seven a girl of seven years一百米的赛跑100-meter race 100 meters race,用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列连词后加-s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-s： Toms and Jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间 Tom and Jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间 用于某些固定表达中： a stones throw 一箭之遥at ones wits end 黔驴技穷 at arms length 以一臂之距ou
12、t of harms way 在完全的地方,（2）、of 所有格表示无生命的名词的所有格，一般用of 所有格。如：the legs of the chair 椅子的腿 the cover of the book 书的封面（3）、双重所有格双重所有格，即两种形式结合在一起应用“of +名词s”。如：the books of the librarys图书馆的书a photo of Jim a photo of Jims,【经典例题】 1. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I
13、have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A. orange, orange B. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 3.Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 4. An old _ wants to see you.A. people B. person C. the people D
14、. the person,5. Help yourself to _.A. chickens and apples B. chickens and appleC. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples 6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers 7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _.A. fami
15、ly B. house C. home D. room 8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and PeterC. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters 9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a
16、leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experienceC. an experience D. a lot experience,11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen, Germans B.Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans ,
17、 Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen,【经典练习】 （ ）3. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men.A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions（ ）4 Last night, there was a food accident. The _
18、were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life,6. The new student is in _ , Grade Two.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class（ ）7. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teachers B. Te
19、achers C. the Teachers D. Teachers（ ）8. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride.A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half（ ）9. - What would you like to drink, girls?- _, please.A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of co
20、ffees（ ）10. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _.A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks（ ）11. Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs（ ）12. After the exam, well have_ holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks,所有格练习 1.
21、 Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. A. Teacher B. Teachers C. Teachers D. Teacher 2. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Childrenss 3. This year, _ is on May 9th. A.My mothers brithday B. My mothers brithday C. My mothers brithday D. My motherss brithday 4. Lin Tao is
22、 ill, so he has to go to the _ . A. doctor B. doctors C. doctors D. doctor 5. Where is Mr. Zhang? He is in the _ . A. teachers reading room B. teachers reading room C. teacher reading room D. teachers reading room 6. This is _ ball. Its not _ . A. the boys, girls B. the boys, the girls C. the boy, t
23、he girl D. boys, girls 7. This year, the most popular _ hat is that kind. A. womans B. womens C. womens D. womans 8. Look at the book, its not mine, and its not yours, so it must be _ . A. somebody elses B. somebody else C. somebodys else D. somebody else 9. These are _ . A.newspaper of today B.todays newspaper C. todays newspapers D. today newspapers 10. Its about _ from my home to our school. A. twenty minutes walk B. walk of twenty minutes C. walk of twenty minutes D. twenty minutes walk,
