1、,International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1972 （COLREG 72 ）1972年国际海上避碰规则,Structure of COLREG 72,5 Parts （章） 38 Rules （条）4 Annex （附录）,Part A: General (总则） Part B: Steering and Sailing Rules（驾驶与航行规则） Part C: Lights and Shapes（号灯与号型） Part D: Sound and Lights Signals（灯光与声响信号） Part E: Ex
2、emptions （豁免）,PART A GENERAL 第一章 总 则（Three Rules Rule 1-3) （共有三条规则 第1-3条）RULE： Application 第一条：适用范围 RULE： Responsibilities 第二条：责任RULE： General Definitions第三条：一般定义,PART B - STEERING AND SAILING RULES 第二章 驾驶与航行规则,SECTION 1: 第一节 任何能见度情况下的行动Conduct of Vessels in any Condition of Visibility SECTION II: 第
3、二节 船舶在互见中的行动 Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another SECTION III: 第三节 能见度不良时的行动Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility,SECTION I - Conduct of Vessels in any Condition of Visibility 第一节 船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动,Rule 4 : Application 适用范围 Rule 5 : Look-out 了望 Rule 6 : Safe Speed 安全航速. Rule 7 : Risk of Col
4、lision 碰撞危险. Rule 8 : Action to avoid Collision 避免碰撞的行动. Rule 9 : Narrow Channels 狭水道 Rule 10 : Traffic Separation Schemes 分道通航制.,SECTION II - Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another 第二节 船舶在互见中的行动,Rule 11 : Application 适用范围 Rule 12 : Sailing Vessels 帆船 Rule 13 : Overtaking 追越 Rule 14 : Head-on Si
5、tuation 对遇局面 Rule 15 : Crossing Situation 交叉局面 Rule 16 : Action by Give-way Vessel 让路船的行动 Rule 17 : Action by Stand-on Vessel 直航船的行动 Rule 18 : Responsibilities between Vessels 船舶之间的责任,SECTION III - Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility 第三节 能见度不良时的行动,Rule 19 : Conduct of Vessels in Restricted V
6、isibility.船舶在能见度不良时的行动,PART C - LIGHTS AND SHAPES,Rule 20 : Application 适用范围 Rule 21 : Definitions 定义 Rule 22 : Visibility of Lights 号灯可见距离 Rule 23 : Power-driven Vessels underway 在航机动船Rule 24 : Towing and Pushing.拖带和顶推Rule 25 : Sailing Vessels underway and Vesselsunder Oars.在航帆船和划桨船,Rule 26 : Fishi
7、ng Vessels 渔船 Rule 27 : Vessels not under Command or Restricted in their Ability to Manoeuvre 失控船和操纵能力受到限制的船Rule 28 : Vessels constrained by their Draught限于吃水的船舶Rule 29 : Pilot Vessels. 引航船Rule 30 : Anchored Vessels and Vessels aground锚泊船和搁浅船 Rule 31 : Seaplanes 水上飞机,PART D : Sound and Light Signals
8、,Rule 32: Definitions 定义 Rule 33: Equipment for Sound Signals声响设备Rule 34 : Manoeuvring and Warning Signals 操纵与警告信号Rule 35 : Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility能见度不良时的声响信号 Rule 36 : Signals to Attract Attention招引注意的信号 Rule 37 : Distress Signals 遇险信号,PART E: EXEMPTIONS,Rule 38 Exemptions,Rule Appli
9、cation( Including Five Items) 第一条 适用范围( 共有5 款),Applied vessels and waters 适用的船舶与水域,（a）These rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.(本规则适用于在公海和连接公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶),Special rules made by authority 主管机构指定的特殊规则,(b) Nothi
10、ng in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbour, river, lakes and inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessel. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules. 本规则
11、各条，不妨碍有关主管机关为连接公海而可供海船航行的一切水域的任何港外锚地、港口、江河、湖泊及内陆水道制定的特殊规定的实施。这些特殊规定，应尽可能符合本规则各条,Special rules made by Government 政府指定的特殊规则,(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by the with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for shi
12、ps of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect with to additional station or signal lights, shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, as far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken f
13、or any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.,本规则各条，不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号、或者为结对从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯或号型的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型及号笛，尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。,TSS Adopted by IMO IMO 采纳的TSS,(d) Traffic Separation Schemes may be adopted by the Organiza
14、tion for the purpose of these Rules. （为了实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制）,Special Structure and Purpose Vessel 特殊结构 和用途的船舶,(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the
15、number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances(to be continued),such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as
16、 well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.,凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊结构或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或
17、弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则的规定。,Rule 2 Responsibility (Including 2 items) 第二条 责任(共有2款),Neglect Clause 过失条款,(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaut
18、ion which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case. 本规各条则并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或是船员由于对遵守本规则各条的任何疏忽,或者对海员通常做法或当时特殊情况可能要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。,(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and coll
19、ision and to any special circumstances，including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger. 在解释和遵行本规则各条规定时, 应充分考虑 一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当时船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。,Neglect Clause 过失条款,Rule 3 第三条 General Definit
20、ions 一般定义,(a) The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft, WIG craft and seaplane, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water1.“船舶”一词指用作或能够用作水上运输工具的船筏, 包括非排水船舶、地效翼船和水上飞机。,(b) The term “power-driven vessel ” means any vessel p
21、ropelled by machinery. “机动船”是指用机器推进的任何船舶, 包括装有机器并正在使用机器作推进动力的帆船。,(c)The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery,if fitted, is not being used. “帆船” 是指任何驶帆的船舶，包括装有推进器而不在使用者。,(d) The term “vessel engaged in fishing ” means any vessel fishing with nets, lines
22、,trawler or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoevurability. “从事捕鱼的船舶”是指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的任何船舶,但并不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕渔的船舶。,(e) The word “seaplane” includes
23、any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water . “水上飞机”是指为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器（飞机、飞艇、水陆两栖型）,(f) The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoevure as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of way of another vessel. “
24、失去控制的船舶”是指由于某种异常的情况，不能按规则各条的要求进行操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。,(g) The term “vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as requires by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of way of another vessel. “操纵能力受到限制的
25、船舶” 是指由于工作性质，使其按规则要求进行操纵的能力受到限制, 因而不能给他船让路的船舶。,(h)The term “vessel constrained by her draught” means a power-driven vessel which because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.“限
26、于吃水的船舶”是指由于吃水与可航水域的深度和宽度的关系，致使其驶离所驶航向的能力严重受到限制的机动船,(i) The word “underway ” means that vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. “在航” 是指船舶不在锚泊、系岸和搁浅。,(j) The word “length” and “Breadth” of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth. 船舶的“长度” 和“宽度” 是指船舶的总长度和最大宽度。,(k) V
27、essel shall be deemed to be “in sight of one another ” only when one can be observed visually from the other.“互见”是指只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才认为两船是在互见中。,(l) The term “restricted visibility ” means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any o
28、ther similar causes.“能见度不良”指任何由于雾、下雪、暴风雨、霾、沙暴或其他原因而使能见度受到限制的情况.其他原因包括：城市的烟雾与尘埃。,(m) The term “ Wing-In-Ground craft“ means a multi-modal craft which, in its main operational mode, files in close proximity to surface by utilizing surface-effect action.13“地效翼船”一词系指多式船艇，其主要操作方式是利用表面效应贴近水面飞行。,Part B (第二
29、章）,Steering and Sailing Rules 驾驶和航行规则,SECTION 1 ( 第一节） Conduct of Vessel in AnyCondition of Visibility （船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则),Rule 4 Application (第四条 适用范围） Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility. 本节各条适用于任何能见度的情况,Rule Five Look-out(第五条 了望）,Every vessel shall at all times maintain a pr
30、oper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision. 每一船舶任何时侯应采用视觉、听见以及适合当时环境和情况下一切有效的手段保持正规的了望，以便对局面和碰撞危险做出充分的估计。,Rule Five Safe Speed(第五条 安全航速）,E
31、very vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.每一船舶在任何时侯均应用安全航速，以便能采取适当而有效的避碰让行动，并能在适合当时环境和条件的距离内把船停住。,Factors in determining a safe
32、 speed （决定安全航速因素）,. By all vessels ： (1) the state of visibility 能见度(2) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels 通航密度(3) the manoeuvrability of the vessels with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions）本船操纵性能,
33、(4) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from the back scatter of her own lights 灯光背景(5) the state of wind, sea and current and proximity of navigation hazards风、海浪和障航物 (6) the draught in relation to the available depth of water 船舶吃水,2. By vessels with operational ra
34、dar,(1) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of radar equipment 雷达特性效率与局限性(2) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use 雷达量程限制（3) the effects on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference 海况气象和其他影响源,(4) the possibility that small vessels, ice
35、 and other floating objects, may be not detected by radar at an adequate range 在适当的距离内可能探测不到的小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物 (5) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar 雷达探测到的船舶数量、位置和动态(6) the more exact assessment of visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of ve
36、ssels or other objects in the vicinity 通过刚看到和突然消失物标来判断可见距离,Rule Seven Risk of Collision（碰撞危险） （Rule 7 including 4 items） （第七条共包括4款）,(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and condition to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt
37、 such risk shall be deemed to exist. . 每一船舶应用适合当时环境和条件的一切手段断定是否存在碰撞危险, 如有怀疑则应认为存在这种危险。,(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of dete
38、cted objects. . 如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用，包括远距离扫瞄，以便获得碰撞危险的早期警报，并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。,(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information. .不应当根据不充分的资料,特别是不充分的雷达观测资料做出推断 (d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following consideration
39、shall be among those taken into account: 4. 在断定是否存在碰撞危险时, 考虑的因素应包括以下各点:,(i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change; 1)如果来船的罗经方位没有什么变化, 则应认为存在这种危险; (ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evi
40、dent, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at a close range. 2)即使有明显的方位变化, 有时也存在这种危险, 特别是在驶近一艘很大的船舶或拖带船组时,或是近距离驶近它船时。,Rule Eight Action to avoid collision 避免碰撞危险的行动 （Rule 8 including 6 items） (第七条共包括6款),(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall
41、be taken in accordance with the Rules of this part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship. 1. 应根据本章各条采取避免碰撞所采取的任何行动，如当时环境许可，应是积极地、并应及早地进行和注意运用良好的船艺。,(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid
42、 collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alteration of course and/or speed should be avoided. 2. 为避免碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境许可，应大得足以使他船用视觉和雷达观察时容易察觉到，应避免对航向和（或）航速作一连串的小变动。,
43、. (c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation. 3.如有足够的水域，则单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的最有效行动，倘若这种行动是及时的、大幅度的并且不致造成另一
44、紧迫局面。,(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally pass and clear. 4. 为避免与他船碰撞而所采取的行动，应能导致在安全距离驶过。应细心查核避让行动的有效性，直到最后驶过让清为止。,(e) If necessa
45、ry to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all her way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion. 5. 如须避免碰撞或须留有更多时间来估计局面，船舶应当减速或者停止或倒转推进器把船停住。,(f) (i) A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passa
46、ge or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea room for the passage of the other vessel.6.(1) 据本规则的任何规定，要求不得妨碍另一艘船舶的通过或安全通过的船舶应根据当时环境的需要及早采取行动以留出足够的水域供其他船舶安全通过。,(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or
47、safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of his obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this part. (2) 如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危险时，被要求不得妨碍另一艘船舶的通过或安全通过的船舶并不解除这一责任，在采取行
48、动时，应充分考虑到本章各条可能要求的行动。,(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision. (3) 当两船相互接致有碰撞危险时，其通过不得被妨碍的船舶仍有完全遵守本章各条规定的责任。,Unit Six Narrow Channel 狭水道,(a) A
49、vessel proceeding along the course of narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel of fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.1. 船舶沿狭水道或航道行使时，只要安全可行，应尽量靠近本船右舷的该水道或航道的外缘行驶。,(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel
50、shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.2.帆船或者长度小于20米的船舶，不应妨碍只能在狭水道和航道内安全航行的船舶通行。,(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel in navigating only within a narrow channel or fairway. 3.从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行的船舶通行。,
