1、1.一般情况加 -s 1) 清辅音后读/s/; map-maps bookbooks desk-desks 2) 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/; bag-bags car-cars gamegames boyboys key-keys 2.以s,sh,ch ,x等结尾的加 es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches 3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的加 s 读 /iz/ license-licenses priceprices case- cases,4.以y结尾的词 1)以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby-babies candy-ca
2、ndies comedy-comedies family-families 2) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 如: two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 比较: 层楼:storey -storeys story-stories,5. 以o 结尾的名词,变复数: 1)加s,读 /z/ 如: photo-photos-photographs kilokilos-kilograms(缩写词) piano-pianos(引入的外来词) radio-radios videovideos zo
3、o-zoos bamboo-bamboos(以元音字母加o结尾的) 2)加es, 读 /z/ 如:negronegroes heroheroes potato-potatoes tomatotomatoes volcanovolcanoes,6.以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: 1)加s,读 /s/,如: belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs chief-chiefs cliff-cliffs giraffe-giraffes 2)去f,fe 加ves,读/vz/,如:half-halves knife-knives leaf-leav
4、es wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves; 3)均可,如: handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves,7.名词复数的不规则变化 1)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women goose-geese 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。,2)单复数相同的形式 one sheep two sheep a deer two deer a Chinese two Chinese,3)合成名词,将主体词变为复数形式,passer-bypassers-by(过路人)brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law(姐夫)sister-in-lawsisters-in-law(嫂子)4)由man和woman构成的合成名词,两个构成部分都要变成复数.man workermen workers(男工人)woman doctorwomen doctors(女医生),