1、第二部分 语法专题研究专题十 非谓语动词,1. I cant tell you what she said. Ive promised _ it a secret.A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept,B,中考试练,2. You should ask Bob _ his own clothes. He is ten years old now.wash B. washesC. washingD. to wash3. Taiji is my favourite and I often play it _healthy.A. to keep B. keepsC
2、. keepingD. kept,D,A,4. I would never regret _ Joe the truth that had happened to him. Becasue he should learn to face the reality. A. tell B. to tellC. tellingD. told,C,非谓语是昆明中考的常考点，主要考查动词不定式和动名词，在单项填空、完形填空和单词填空题型中均有涉及。考生在做此类试题时应先分析本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，下面列举几种常见的判定是否使用非谓语动词形式的方法：,满分突破,1.当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就用谓语动
3、词形式。一般情况下，动词作谓语放在主语之后，如“I admire you.”中，admire就是谓语动词。2.当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与所填动词并列时，该动词就用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词可以在句子中作除谓语以外的任何成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语及插入语。具体各成分的用法详见后面的讲解。,1.动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略），其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。,动词不定式（2017昆明25题，2012昆明29题）,2.动词不定式的句法功能,（1）作主语。不定式作主语时，往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正主语的
4、动词不定式则被后置。常用句型：Its +adj.+ for/of sb.to do sth.。（2）作表语。常放于系动词be之后。如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实(百闻不如一见)。,（3）作宾语。一些谓语动词后常用动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词通常是表示命令、打算或希望的。具体如下：afford to do sth.负担得起做某事,agree to do sth.同意做某事continue to do sth.继续做（另一件）事decide to do sth.决定做某事expect to do sth.期望做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事,manage
5、 to do sth.设法做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事prefer to do sth.宁愿/更喜欢做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事,want/would like to do sth.想要做某事wish/hope to do sth.希望做某事在find, think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语（动词不定式）放在句末。如：,I find it useful to read English every day.我发现每天读英语非常有用。（4）作宾语补足语。常见的后面接动词不定式作宾
6、语补足语的动词有：,advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事,invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事want sb. to d
7、o sth.想要某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,（5）作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：I am not free now. I have lots of things to do.我现在没有空。我有很多事要做。（6）作状语。如：Icleaned the yard for my kids to play.我打扫了院子供孩子们玩耍。,I was surprised to find that my shoes were washed by someone.我惊奇地发现有人把我的鞋洗了。3.动词不定式的特殊句型too.to. 意为“太
8、而不能”。.enough to.意为“足够”。,Why dont you+do sth.？=Why not +do sth.？意为“为什么不做某事呢？”had better+（not）+do sth.。意为“最好（不要）做某事”。Will/Could you please+do sth.?意为可以做吗？prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。,4.省略to的情况常见省略to的动词有“一感、二听、三让、四看”，具体如下：(1)常见的感官动词有：feel感到、hear/listen to听到、see、 watch、 notice、
9、 look at看到，即（一感、二听、四看）；,感官动词后既可接不带to的动词不定式，也可接动名词;接不带to的动词不定式时指“（看到、听到、见到）全过程”，接动名词时指“瞬间动作”。如：I heard the girl singing in the next room. 我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。I always hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。,(2)常见跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补的还有使役动词let/make/have（三让）；此外，help后可带to，也可省略to，help sb.（to）do st
10、h.帮助某人做某事。注意：这类动词在用于被动语态结构时，需还原动词不定式符号to。,1.动名词的句法功能,动名词（9年5考）,2.常考固定搭配consider doing sth.考虑做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事finish doing sth.做完某事,mind doing sth.介意做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某事cant/couldnt help doing sth.情不自禁做某事,feel like doing sth.想要做某事get/be us
11、ed to doing sth.习惯做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事have trouble problem/difficulties(in)doing sth.做某事有麻烦/问题/困难,look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事spend time （in） doing sth.花费时间做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事(3)既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词begin/start doing sth.开始正在做的事begin/start to do sth.开始去做另外一件事,forget doing sth.忘了做过某事（已做）f
12、orget to do sth.忘了去做某事（未做）go on to do sth.继续做另外一件事go on doing sth.继续正在做的事mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着,need doing sth.某事需要被做（被动含义）need to do sth.需要去做某事（主动含义） regret to do sth.很遗憾去做某事（未做）regret doing sth.后悔做了某事（已做）remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）,stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事,
