1、.词汇过关1_adj. 本地的；当地的_adv.2_adv. 分离地；分别地3_n. 绘画；画_vt._n. 画家4_n. 城堡答案：1.local; locally2.apart3.painting; paint; painter4castle,.短语自查1拆开_2仅仅；不过_3try to do sth._4manage to do sth._5take.away_答案：1.take apart2.no more than3.努力做某事4.设法完成某事5.把拿走,.语法练习用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1We were surprised this year，_for the first
2、time in years our school team won the first prize.2Her father works in a factory，_he makes cars.3All_we have to do is to practise every day.4I have heard from my father，_is in America.答案：1.when2.where3.that4.who,.单词突破locala)(adj.)地方的；当地的；本地的I suggest that he put an advertisement in the local paper.我
3、建议他在当地的报纸上登条广告。b)(n.) usually pl. 当地人；本地人One of the locals showed me the way to the post office.一位本地人给我指点去邮局的路。,牛刀小试Following the national news we have the_news and weather.AnativeBlocalCoverseas Dtopical答案：B题意：国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。,.短语精讲take sth.apart 拆开某物John enjoys taking old clocks apart.约翰喜欢拆卸旧钟。We
4、 had to take the engine apart.我们不得不卸下引擎。,知识拓展1)put/set sb./sth. apart(from sb./sth.)使某人/某事物显得优越或独特His use of language sets him apart from most other modern writers.他对语言的运用在现代作家中别具一格。2)tell/know A and B apart 能分辨两个人或两种事物； 能看出两个人或两种事物之间的区别Its difficult to tell them apart.很难把他们区分开来。,3)apart from(except
5、 for)除了外(都)；要不是Apart from his nose, hes quite goodlooking.他除了鼻子以外， 哪儿都很好看。(in addition to; as well as)除了外(还)；此外；加之Apart from being too large, the trousers dont suit me.这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适。,牛刀小试The boy_the toy car, but couldnt put it together again.Abroke off Btook apartCbroke into Dtore down答案：B题意：男孩
6、把玩具汽车拆开了， 可怎么也安不上了。take sth. apart 表示“拆开某物”。,.句式点击The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.那位老人看到一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开并把它搬走。知识剖析本句中的see sb.doing sth.是一个常见的结构，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，其中的doing是宾语补足语，与sb.是逻辑上的主动关系。有此用法的动词还有hear, watch, feel, listen to, notice, observe, find等。,I found him sm
7、oking in the room.我发现他在屋子里抽烟。I felt the plane shaking seriously.我感到飞机在剧烈地摇晃。,知识拓展see sb.doing sth., see sb.do sth.(1)see sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事，其被动式则是sb.be seen doing sth.。I heard the girl singing a song in the room just now.我刚才听见那个女孩在房间里唱歌。,(2)see sb.do sth.(do是省去to的动词不定式)看见某人做某事，看到某一动作的全过程，变成被动式是
8、sb.be seen to do sth.。I often saw him play football, but yesterday afternoon I saw him playing basketball.我经常看见他踢足球，但昨天下午我看见他在打篮球。,牛刀小试(1)(2010湖南，21)Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help?Acalling BcallCto call Dcalled答案：A题意：听！你听见有人在呼救吗？hear sb. do sth.听见某人干过某事；hear sb. doing sth.听见某人正在干某事。,(2)(2007
9、上海，34)After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice_him.Acalling BcalledCbeing called Dto call答案：Ahis mothers voice与call是主动关系，且与hear同时进行，故用calling him作定语修饰his mothers voice，故选A。,.语法专区限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉
10、，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。,This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。The man who lives in that house is my uncle.住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。,1指人的非限制性定语从句1)主语：只能用who(注意逗号)Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested
11、 stopping at the next town.彼得开了整整一天车，他建议在下一个城镇停留。2)动词宾语：用whom或who(这类宾格代词在句中不能省略)She introduced me to her husband, whom/who I hadnt met before.她把我介绍给她丈夫，我以前没见过他。,3)介词宾语：用whom(这个代词在句中不能省略，介词常常位于它之前)Peter, with whom I played tennis on Sundays, was fitter than me.彼得，星期天我常跟打网球的那位，身体比我健康。4)所有格：用whoseAnn,
12、whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.安的孩子们整天都在学校，所以她在想办法找份工作。,2指物的非限制性定语从句1)主格： 用which(不用that)That block, which cost 5 million to build, has been empty for years.那个街区，就是花费了500万英镑建起来的那个，已经空置多年了。2)宾格：用which(这里不用that，而且which决不能省略)The house, which we bought last month, is very ni
13、ce.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。,3)介词宾语： 用which(介词位于which之前或者位于从句之后，但不那么正式)His house, for which he paid 10,000, is now worth50,000.他花了一万英镑买的房子，现在值五万英镑。4)与短语动词连用的whichThis machine, which I have looked after for twenty years, is still working perfectly.这台机器我已经照管了20年，现在仍然没一点儿毛病。,5)定语：用whichTom spent four years in
14、college, during which time he learned French.汤姆上了四年大学，在此期间他学习了法语。6)所有格： 用whoseHis house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight.他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。,知识拓展1在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句。1)当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。Last year I vis
15、ited the Peoples Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year.去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。,2)当定语从句修饰整个主句时。Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.众所周知，台湾是属于中国的领土。The weather was very terrible, which we hadnt expected.天气非常糟糕，这点我们没有料到。,3)当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。Mr. Joe lives in B
16、eijing now, which is quite a long way from here.乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。,2两种结构特殊的非限制性定语从句1)which可以引导一个修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句，其意义相当于and this 或 and that。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没领会我的意思
17、，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。,2)as可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，常常有“正如”的意思。这种定语从句既可置于主句之前，也可置于主句之后。We are tired, as anyone can see.我们累了，这是有目共睹的。He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.从他的口音，我知道他是一个外国人。,3as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的差异1)非限制性定语从句位于主句前面时，只能用as引导从句。As a
18、nybody can see, this elephant is like a snake.这头大象象条蛇，这是任何人都看得出来的。2)当as在定语从句中担任主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。这样的结构常见的有：as is known(众所周知), as is reported(据报道), as has been said before(如上所述), as is mentioned above(正如前面提到的)等。New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to us all.,新概念英语是专为外国学生
19、编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。3)as引导非限制性定语从句常用于以下结构：as(it) often happens(正如经常发生的那样), as we know(正如我们所知道的那样), as we all can see(正如我们所看到的), as anybody can see(正如人人都能看到的那样), as we had expected(正如我们所预料的那样), as is often the case(通常就是这样)等。Jack has won the first prize, as(is)often the case.像往常一样，杰克获得了一等奖。,4)定语从句的谓语动词采用复合
20、结构，位于句末，用which引导。He was late for the meeting, which made the chairman very angry.他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。5)定语从句为否定句时用which引导。Mr. Smith often praises Rose in public, which she doesnt like at all.史密斯先生经常当众表扬罗斯，罗斯根本不喜欢这种做法。,6)定语从句位于句末，语义一致，用as；不一致则用which。She has married again, which was unexpected/as was expec
21、ted.她已再婚，这是意料中的事/这是出乎人们意料的事。,4定语从句中的逗号请记住限制性定语从句不用逗号同前面断开。注意下面例句中加上逗号以后意思上产生的变化。The travellers who knew about the floods took another road.知道发大水的那些游客改道走了。(限制性定语从句)The travellers，who knew about the floods，took another road.游客们知道发了大水，都改道走了。(非限制性定语从句),The boys who wanted to play football were disappoin
22、ted when it rained.想踢足球的那些男孩子因为下雨而感到失望。(限制性定语从句)The boys，who wanted to play football，were disappointed when it rained.那些男孩子想踢足球，对下雨感到失望。(非限制性定语从句),牛刀小试(1)(2010全国，24)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _is named after his grandfather.Awhich BwhereCwhat Dthat答案：A题意：当杰克还是个孩子的时候，在一家乡村学校学习，该校以杰
23、克祖父的名字命名。分析句子结构可知，该句为含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句，从句缺少主语，且先行词为village school，故选which。,(2)(2010陕西，11)The old temple_roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.Awhere BwhichCits Dwhose答案：D题意：屋顶在暴风雨中受到损害的那座古老庙宇现在正在修理中。_roof was damaged in a storm 是定语从句修饰the old temple，所填处是从句的引导词且作名词roof的定语，用whose。,(3)(2010四川，
24、10)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision.Athat BwhichCwhen Dwhere答案：B题意：大学毕业以后，我抽出了一点时间去旅游，这后来证明是个明智的决定。句中所填处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，不可用that；且在从句中作主语，不可用when和where。,(4)(2009全国，28)She brought with her three friends, none of_I had ever met befor
25、e.Athem BwhoCwhom Dthese答案：C考查非限制性定语从句。题意为“她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。” “表示部分的词语of关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人时关系代词只能用whom。,(5)(2009全国，17)My friend showed me round the town，_was very kind of him.Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dit答案：A题意：我的朋友带我到这个镇子里到处看了看，他真好。which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中担任主语，代替前面一句话。注意：关系代词that不能用于非限制性定语从句。,(6)(200
26、9湖南，26)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.Awhich Bof whichCthat Dwhose答案：D本题考查定语从句。句中name是city的一个特征或构成部分，是从属关系，因此用whose引导定语从句修饰先行词New Orleans。,(7)(2009山东，24)Whenever I met her，_was fairly often, she greeted me with
27、a sweet smile.Awho Bwhich Cwhen Dthat答案：B本题考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法，指代前面一个句子，故用which。,(8)(2009江苏，23)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.Aif BwhenCwhich Dsince答案：B考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词days，when在从句中作时间状语。因主句部分days are gone太短，为避免头重脚轻，把定语从句与先行
28、词隔开了。,(9)(2009安徽，30)Many children，_parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.Atheir BwhoseCof them Dwith whom答案：B考查了定语从句的用法。由于连接词需要在从句中作定语可以看出需要用whose。,(10)(2009辽宁，23)Theyve won their last three matches，_I find a bit surprising.Athat BwhenCwhat Dwhich 答案：D考查非限制性定语从句。 which 代替前面的整个句子内容，并在从句中作宾语。题意：他们赢了最后三场比赛，这让我感到有点惊讶。,
