1、四级考试题型,题型分为: 写作writing（30ms 15% 106分） 快速阅读fast reading (15ms 10% 71) 听力listening(35ms 35% 249) 深度阅读 in-depth reading (25ms 25% 177.5 ) : 选词填空、基础阅读 完型填空close (15ms 10% 71) 汉译英translation(5ms 5% 35.5) 写作、听力和阅读（快速阅读和深度阅读）是重点，因此考生对于这三部分的得分多少，将直接决定着其考试分数的高低。,大学英语四级考试流程,8：509：00试音时间9：009：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷9：
2、10取下耳机，开始作文考试9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册（但9：40才允许开始做）9：409：55做快速阅读9：5510：00收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读）9：5510：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备 听力考试 (浏览听力选项内容，在9：59集中浏览对话)10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音听力结束后完成剩余考项：深度阅读、完型填空和汉译英。11：20全部考试结束。,写作篇,写作篇,写作体裁 主要有以下类型:(1)议论文: 阐述对立观点型;说明利弊型（双刃剑型） (2)说明文:问题解决型; 解释原因或理由型 (3) 应用文体型（书信） （4）阐述名言型 （5）图表型,篇章结构 （1）,写作
3、篇 阐述对立观点型作文的两种篇章结构 （1）,： （启）Paragraph I （1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；（2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略）。（转）Paragraph III：（1）承上启下的过渡句；（2）提出另一种观点或缺点；（3）本段的支持性分论点（4）本段总（可以省略）。（合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡两种看法；（2）给出自己的观点。这种篇章结构的重点放在表达对立的观点上，最后阐述自己的观点。,Model,Model： 网络考试 1.有人认为
4、有必要举行网络考试 2.也有人持不同看法 3.我的看法和打算,It is reported that College English Test will be internet-based. This has caused some debates.Some individuals argue that it is necessary to adopt this new testing system. Firstly, they claim that it is favorable for students to enhance their computer skills, which are
5、 of vital importance in modern society. In addition, internet-based test will be more efficient and convenient.,写作篇,Others, however, hold the opposite opinion. They think this new testing system will result in injustice. On the one hand, a number of students can hardly afford their food and clothes.
6、 How can they be as skillful as those from rich families in using computers? On the other hand, CET, in their opinion, should test the examinees English proficiency rather than computer skills. Personally, I am convinced that the new test will contribute a lot to students comprehensive ability. Not
7、only should they get a good command of English, but also master some basic knowledge on computer. Only in this way can they become winners in the future job-hunting. To conclude, I am in favor of this new test system. (175 words),篇章结构（2,阐述对立观点型作文的两种篇章结构（2）,Paragraph I 引言(引出讨论的主题(X)，提出两种对立的观点(A和B)，有时
8、还可略提及支持这两种观点的理由)Paragraph II ：正文(表明自己的看法，阐述自己支持某一观点的理由，或驳斥自己反对的观点)Paragraph III ：结论(总结全文，重申自己的观点)这种篇章结构的重点放在表达自己的观点上，充分地阐述自己的观点，使自己的观点更充实、更有说服力。,写作篇,Model,Model：,辩论式议论文模版It is reported that. Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite view. They firmly b
9、elieve that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或:From what is discussed above, we can predict that 预测.,写作
10、套路,该模式写作套路,套路2： 引出主题 观点A 支持观点A的 理由 观点B 支持观点B的 理由一 理由二 我的观点 理由一 理由二 结论套路1：. 引出主题 观点A 支持观点A的 理由 观点B 支持观点B的理由 我的观点 理由一 理由二 理由三 结论套路3：引出主题 观点A 观点B 我的观点 略提反对的观点的正确性 批驳反对的观点 小结：指出反对的观点经不起分析/检验结论值得注意的是，不论采用哪种写作套路，在表明自己的看法后，一定要阐述自己支持这一观点的理由，这样才能使自己的观点显得有说服力。,第二种题型,第二种题型（社会热点话题；问题解决型; 解释原因或理由型）:,(一)题型特点： 1、
11、应该为三点提纲，但是通常以两点提纲出现的题目居多，所涉及主题为当时社会热点；2、如果是两点提纲，则补充成三点提纲写作。3、通常模式为（1.是什么？ 2.为什么？3. 怎么办？）现象概述-细节（原因、危害、方式等）-自我评论,社会问题解决式,社会问题解决式,写作套路：(1)一个社会问题或者现象 (2)产生的原因 (3)对社会和我们生活的影响 (4)如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) (5)前景的预测。 (1) Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/ economic/ environmental problem. (X has in
12、creasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。(2) There are a couple of reasons booming this problem / phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法123。(3) X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following asp
13、ects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法123。(4) A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm：同上123.(5) Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ,说明原因型模块：,说明原因型模块：,(1)提出论题 (2)说明现状 (3)理由一 (4)理由二 (5)理由三 (6)理由三引起的后果 (7)解决方法 These days we often hea
14、r that (1). It is common that (2). Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protection?For one thing, (3).For another, (4). What is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ). To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as (7) to improve he prese
15、nt situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.,图表题,第三种题型 图表题,（一）题型特点：1、 以图表（表格（table）、柱形图（bar chart）、饼状图（pie chart）和折线图（diagram）作为信息来源的写作模式2、通常模式为：首段：描述图表-第二段：解释原因-第三段：自我评论 注意： 描述图标简明扼要，长度宜适中，主题突出，抓主要重要信息，不用描写过细，特别是不相关的细节，否则描述篇幅过长，抓不住重点。,第三段的写作,第三段的写作,第三段：如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，
16、那么这一段写解决办法的可能性最大。如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化，那么这一段很可能是两种情况-可能写负面的影响或存在的问题，或者写未来趋势或发展方向。上述情况均是依提纲而定，提纲中如果没有第三点，那么一般说来，若是问题则写办法，若是好事则写展望，根据具体情况而定。,模板1,写作模板1图表式作文,It is obvious in the graphic / table / chart that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped consid
17、erably in recent years (more details). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一个原因). More importantly, (第二个原因). Most important of all, (第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict
18、what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken ).括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势,模板2,模板2: 图表式作文带数字比较，并希望提出建议的作文,As is depicted/ shown in the chart: (图表的总述）.For one thing，（趋势一）. For another,(趋势二）.It is interesti
19、ng to note that(趋势三）.My suggestions to tackle the problem are as follows. First of all, with the rapid development of science and technology, an increasing number of people come to realize that(意见一）. This is because（原因）. secondly,(意见二）.Therefore, we should attach great significance to solving the pr
20、oblem. As far as Im concerned, it is high time that (某个组织或人）must make intensive efforts to（采取什么行动). Although we still have a long way to go, I m sure that tomorrow will be much better and brighter.,书信题,第四种题型（书信题； Essay IV）,书信题写作五点 开门见山说意图 咨询建议一二三 不同内容可分段 感谢客气不可少 期盼回信成老套,英语文章段落结构写法,英语文章段落结构写法,英语文章段落结
21、构一般有三部分构成：主题句+扩展句+结尾句,写作篇,主题句+扩展句+结尾句,主题句+扩展句+结尾句,主题句：文章段落的中心思想句。文章段落的灵魂，在英语文章段落中居于主导地位。英语文章一般喜欢开门见山，所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落的句首。其他句子都要围绕它而展开，掩藏主题句是冒险的。 (2)扩展句：所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是分句论述（支持观点句一二三）；举例子(for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that-)；列数据(according to the recent st
22、udy/survey,-)等。(3)结尾句：所谓结尾句就是总结句。英语写作也类似于汉语写作，最后再把自己本段落的写作目的陈述一下。,写作的“基本原则”：,写作的“基本原则”：,1. 长 短 句原则 (节奏)2、 主 题 句原则 （统领段落） 3、 一 二 三原则 （论点列举） 4、 短语优先原则 （语言丰富） 5、 多变句式原则 （句式不要单一） 口诀3： 内容简单化（思想性可不高，但确保表达通顺，条理清楚（一二三原则） 结构模式化（主题句-分论点-总结句） 语言要包装（闪光点：句子结构，词汇， 不要用偏僻词，过大词，不协调） 错误要回避,二三原则过渡用语,一二三原则过渡用语,1）first,
23、 second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） 5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6）to start with, next, in addition, f
24、inally（强烈推荐） 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,作文评分原则,作文评分原则,写作的评分依据是： 切题、条理、语言和字数,增加字数方法,How to keep fit,There are four ways to keep fit主题句.-
25、 First, we should have our breakfast in the morning.- Second, we should have a nap at noon.- Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music. -,增加字数方法,增加字数方法,主题句There are four ways to keep fit.- There are four
26、or more ways to keep fit for everyone of us. 从几方面说明： First, we should have our breakfast in the morning.-Firstly, we should have our breakfast, such as milk, eggs, bread and so on, in the morning.Second, we should have a nap at noon.- Secondly, we should have a short nap, even 30 minutes, at noon, w
27、hich makes us energetic in the afternoon .,增加字数方法,Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. Third, sports exercises are necessary for everyone and we can do some sports exercises in the afternoon, such as jogging, playing badminton. And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the e
28、vening by listening to music. And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music, like popular and classic music with light, relaxing and beautiful melody. This cheerful feeling always has positive influence on peoples health .,快速阅读篇,快速阅读篇,快速阅读部分的考试主要考查考生对阅读技巧的掌握，如扫读、略
29、读、跳读，其对跳读、略读的技巧远远超出其对语言本身的掌控能力。 四级判断题(Y/N/NG)或是选择题的数量(7) ，完成句子的题量(3), 。考生要养成快速阅读的习惯，把时间放在首要位置，练习快速查找信息能力。 快速阅读很少绕弯子考要学会在最短的时间内确定题目的关键词并在原文中检索答案外，还要警惕NG，避免在NG (Not Given，“信息不足、无法判断”)这类题上耗费太多时间 完成句子题基本都可以根据关键词定位原文，在原文中找到相应的文字，直接作为答案，也有个别的题要求做适当的转换或归纳， 题目的顺序和原文中答案出现的顺序基本一致,快速阅读解题步骤,快速阅读解题步骤,第一步： 1-2分钟落
30、度原文猎取主要信息。略读对象：，标题副标题段落标题插图； 如果没这些，各段首尾句 第二步； 仔细阅读题干，确定关键词 第三步：开始扫读，根据题干关键词，在原文中定位相关段落和语句。 第四步：比较对照，确定答案。,YES判断,YES/ NO /Not Given判断具体标准,YES判断 1 题干与原文措辞一致（较少见） 2.题干命题是原文出处同义改写 3.对原文经过推敲，发现能与题干意思一致，有5种情况： 句型结构推论：如，A is better than B B is not the best; 包括关系（原文为题干的充分条件）； 数字运算（20% = one out of five）; 双重
31、否定得正原则；概括总结,NO判断具体标准,YES/ NO /Not Given判断具体标准,NO判断具体标准 1.题干与原文直接相反 2.排他类情况（用must/only 排他性词汇） 3.部分代替整体 原文：A+B=X 题干A=X 4. 概念混淆 he often visits ushe always visits us,Not Given判断具体标准,Not Given判断具体标准,1.根本未提及或一半提及一半未提 2. 原文内容过细化 3.原文提及若干事物，但未比较，而题干做了比较 4. 原文只提及目标目的愿望等内容，题干中成为现实。,选词填空,选词填空,妙手空空 选择填空 考试形式：与
32、传统考题的完形相似，但十个空格有A到O十五个选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章,尽量辨性,选词填空解题方法一： 尽量辨性,把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。 1.动词还要两分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性，无法确定的要先打问号。 2.记不得的，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀管意思，后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴，往往能大致分出词性。3.分不出的，词性不一定无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必赌气誓死纠缠，结果可能把自己缠死。 4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符
33、号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。,真题为例,选词填空解题方法一：尽量辨性,以真题为例，其选项如下： A) estimate； B) strength； C) deliberately； D) notify； E) tropical； F) phenomenon；G) stable； H) attraction； I) completely；J) destructive； K) starvation； L) bringing；M) exhaustion； N) worth； O) strike 名词）strength, F） phenomenon, H) attraction， K) s
34、tarvation ， M) exhaustion (B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀) 谓语动词： A) estimate， D) notify， O) strike (-ate极可能是动词，fy为动词后缀) 非谓语动词： L) bringing (-ing结尾) 形容词： E) tropical ， G) stable， J) destructive ， N) worth (E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀) 副词： C) deliberately 和I) completely (ly加在形容词后为副词后缀),真题,真题,El Nino is the
35、 name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the
36、trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.,The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South Am
37、erica, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51. El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 we
38、ather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.,选词填空解题方法二：灵活求解,选项分类后，从文章中来寻找对应的线索。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二
39、才是词义，所以要确定空格的词性与意义,动词的判断,词性 动词的判断 ：l )前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 2) 根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。,Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but (will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语) Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词
40、；且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。),非谓语动词短,一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语,The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. (前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。),2)其它词的判断,l 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. (这个/种奇怪的？，当然要一个名
41、词了) The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.(严重的？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词) El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。),副词修饰形容词或动词,l 副词修饰形容词或动词, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it
42、 or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词),谓语动词前有名词主语,谓语动词前有名词主语,This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. (happens 是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。),介词后面必有名词,介词后面必有名词,As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. (在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，注意要搞清楚，in有多种意义，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。),选词填空总结,选词填空总结,选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力，其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义，从而实现成功匹配。 先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类，分不出的可先模糊处理。 再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置，它的上下文环境。 有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找；而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。,
