1、诊断学第一篇：症状学致热原 pyrogen 体温调节中枢 thermotaxic centre外源性致热原 exogenous pyrogen内源性致热原 endogenous pyrogen白细胞致热源 leukocytic pyrogen白细胞介素 I interleukin I体温调定点 temperature setpoint感染性发热 infective fever细菌性致热源 bacteria pyrogen非感染性发热 non-infective fever吸收热 absorption fever中枢性发热 centris fever布鲁菌病 brucellosis骤降 cris
2、is渐降 lysis热型 fever type稽留热 continues fever 弛张热 remittent fever间歇热 intermittent fever波状热 undulant fever回归热 recurrent fever霍奇金病 Hodgkin不规则热 irregular fever寒战 rigor双重痛感 double顿痛 dull pain酸痛 aching pain烧灼痛 burning pain 绞痛 colicky pain 牵涉痛 referred pain刺痛 stabbing pain 刀割样痛 knife-like pain 胀痛 bursting pa
3、in 搏动性痛 throbbing pain 头痛 headache胸痛 chest pain 放射痛 radiating pain 腹痛 abdominal pain 急腹症 acute abdomen嗳气 belching水肿 （edema）积水 dropsy象皮腿 elephantiasic crus皮肤黏膜出血 mucocutaneous hemorrhage血小板无力症 thrombasthenia呼吸困难 dyspnea心原性哮喘 cardiac asthma咳嗽 cough咳痰 expectoration咳血 hemoptysis紫绀 （cyanosis）心悸 （palpitat
4、ion）恶心 nausea 呕吐 vomiting干呕 vomiturition呕吐中枢 vomiting center呕血 hematemesis正铁血红蛋白 hematin 黑便 melena便血 hematochezia隐血便 stool with occult blood柏油便 tarry stool里急后重 tenesmus腹泻 diarrhea便秘 （constipation）黄疸（jaundice）隐性黄疸 latent jaundice旁路胆红素 bypass bilirubin非结合胆红素 unconjugated bilirubin结合胆红素 conjugated bili
5、rubin核黄疸 nuclear icterus眩晕 vertigo惊厥 convulsion意识障碍 disturbance of consciousness嗜睡 somnolence 意识模糊 confusion 昏睡 stupor昏迷 coma谵妄 delirium血尿 hematuria尿频 frequent micturition尿急 urgent micturition尿痛 odynuria 神经原性膀胱 neurogenic bladder排尿困难 dysuria尿失禁 urinary incontinence尿潴留 retention of urine第二篇 问诊 （inqui
6、ry）一般项目 general data 主诉 chief complaints现病史 history of present illness既往史 past history 系统回顾 systems review个人史 personal history 婚姻史 marrital history 月经史 menstrual history 生育史 childbearing history家族史 family history第三篇 检体诊断（physical diagnosis）第 1章体格检查 physical examination视诊 inspection触诊 palpation浅部触诊法
7、light palpation深部触诊法 deep palpation双手触诊法 bimanual palpation深压触诊法 deep press palpation冲击触诊法 ballottement叩诊 percussion间接叩诊法 indirect percussion直接叩诊法 direct percussion清音 resonance 浊音 dullness鼓音 tympany 实音 flatness过清音 hyperresonance听诊 auscultation听诊器 stethoscope嗅诊 olfactory examination深部滑行触诊法 deep slipp
8、ing palpation腋臭 bromidrosis第 2章性别 sex萎黄病 chlorosis年龄 age生命征 vital sign体温 temperature发育 development青春期急激成长 adolescent spurt体型 habitus无力型（瘦长型） asthenic type超力型（矮胖型） sthenic type正力型（均称型） ortho-sthenic type巨人症 gigantism垂体性侏儒症 pituitary dwarfism良好 well不良 poorly中等 fairly消瘦 emaciation恶病质 cachexia肥胖 obesity
9、水牛背 buffalo hump意识状态 consciousness语调 tone语态 voice面容 facial features表情 expression肝病面容 hepatic facies肾病面容 nephritic facies二尖瓣面容 mitral facies肢端肥大症面容 acromegaly facies伤寒面容 typhoid facies苦笑面容 sardonic feature满月面容 moon facies面具面容 masked facies病危面容 critical facies/Hippocrates体位 position自主体位 active positio
10、n 被动体位 positive position强迫体位 compulsive position端坐呼吸 orthopnea强迫蹲位 compulsive squatting强迫停立位 forced standing position辗转体位 alternative position角弓反张位 opisthotonos position姿势 posture 步态 gait蹒跚步态 wadding gait 醉酒步态 drinken man gait共济失调步态 ataxic gait慌张步态 festinating gait跨阈步态 steppage gait剪刀式步态 scissors ga
11、it间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication皮肤黏膜苍白 pallor皮肤发红 redness发绀 cyanosis黄染 stained yellow胡萝卜素 carotene黑色素 melanin色素沉着 pigmentation老年斑 senile plaque白癜 vitiligo白斑 leukoplakia白化症 albinismus湿度 moisture皮肤弹性 elasticity皮疹 skin eruption斑疹 maculae玫瑰疹 roseola丘疹 papules斑丘疹 maculopapulae寻麻疹 urticaria皮肤脱屑 desquamat
12、ion瘀点 petechia紫癜 purpura瘀班 ecchymosis血肿 hematoma蜘蛛痣 spider angioma水肿 edema压陷性水肿 pitting edema 皮下结节 subcutaneous nodule斑痕 scar毛发 hair第 3章 头部头发 hair头皮 scalp头颅 skull小颅 microcephalia尖颅 oxycephaly塔颅 tower skull方颅 squared skull巨颅 large skull长颅 delichocephalia变形颅 deforming skull震颤麻痹 Parkinson颜面 face眼眉 eyeb
13、row眼睑 eyelids睑内翻 entropion上睑下垂 ptosis结膜 conjunctiva眼球 eyeball眼球突出 exophthalmos复视 diplopia斜视 paralytic squint眼球震颤 nystagmus巩膜 sclera角膜 cornea老年环 arcus senilis肝豆状核变性 Wilson 病虹膜 iris瞳孔 pupil调节反射 accommodation reflex辐辏反射 convergence reflex视力 vision色觉 color sensation耳廓 auricle外耳道 external auditory canal鼓
14、膜 ear drum乳突 mastoid听力 auditus酒渣鼻 rosacea鞍鼻 saddle nose鼻翼扇动 nasal ala flap 鼻衄 epistaxis鼻窦 nasal sanus口 mouth 克汀病 cretinism黏液性水肿 myxedema肢端肥大症 acromegaly麻疹黏膜斑 measles mucous patch牙齿 teeth牙龈 gums舌 tongue渴感 thirst舌痛 Sore tongue地图舌 geographic tongue移行性舌炎 migratory glossitis裂纹舌 wrinkled tongue 草莓舌 strawb
15、erry tongue牛肉舌 beefy tongue镜面舌（光滑舌） smooth tongue毛舌 hairy tongue 鼻咽 nasopharynx口咽 oral pharynx咽喉 laryngeal pharynx喉 larynx腮腺 parotid gland第 4章 颈部斜颈 torticollis静脉“翁鸣” venous hum甲状腺 thyroid第 5章 胸部胸骨上切迹suprasternal notch胸骨柄 manubrium sterni胸骨角 sternal angle / Louis胸骨下角 infrasternal angle剑突 xiphoid proc
16、ess浮肋 free ribs肋间隙 intercostal space肩胛骨 scapula脊柱棘突 spinous process肋脊角 costalspinal angle前正中线 anterior midline锁骨中线 midclavicular line胸骨线 sternal line胸骨旁线 parasternal line腋前线 anterior axillary line腋后线 posterior axillary line腋中线 midaxillary line肩胛线 scapular line 后正中线 posterior midline腋窝 axillary fossa
17、胸骨上窝 suprasternal fossa锁骨上窝 supraclavicular fossa锁骨下窝 infraclavicular fossa对称性 symmetry肩胛上区 suprascapular region 肩胛下区 infrascapular region肩胛间区 interscapular region脏层胸膜 visceral pleura壁层胸膜 parietal pleura胸壁 chest wall皮下气肿 subcutaneous emphysema捻发音 crepitus扁平胸 flat chest桶状胸 barrel chest佝偻病胸 rachitic c
18、hest佝偻病串珠 rachitic rosary肋膈沟 Harrison groove漏斗胸 funnel chest鸡胸 pigeon chest乳房 breast 乳晕 areola乳头 nipple内翻 inversion皮肤回缩 skin retraction硬度 consistency 弹性 elasticity压痛 tenderness包块 masses部位 location 大小 size外形 contour活动度 mobility三凹征 three depressions sign呼吸过速 tachypnea呼吸过缓 bradypnea胸廓扩张度 thoracic expan
19、sion语音振颤 vocal fremitus触觉振颤 tactile fremitus空瓮音 amphorophony胸膜摩擦感pleural friction fremitus肺泡呼吸音 vesicular breath sound支气管呼吸音 bronchial breath sound齿轮呼吸音 cogwheel breath sound罗音 rale附加音 adventitious sound湿性罗音 moist rales水泡音 bubble sound爆裂音 crackles干性罗音 rhonchi语音共振 vocal resonance支气管语音 bronchophony胸语音
20、 pectoriloquy羊鸣音 egophony耳语音 whispered胸膜摩擦音 pleural friction rub硬币扣击征 coin sign大叶性肺炎 lobar pneumonia支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma胸腔积液 pleural effusion气胸 pneumothorax心尖搏动 apical impulse振颤 thrill早搏 premature beat房颤 atrial fibrillation短绌脉 pulse deficit大炮音 cannon sound钟摆律 pendular rhythm胎心律 embryocardia心音分裂 sp
21、litting of heart sounds生理分裂 physiologic splitting固定分裂 fixed splitting反常分裂 paradoxical splitting逆分裂 reversed splitting三音律 triple rhythm四音律 quadruple rhythm奔马律 gallop rhythm舒张期奔马律 protodiastolic gallop舒张晚期奔马律 late diastolic gallop室性奔马律 ventricular gallop收缩期前奔马律 resystolic gallop房性奔马律 atrial gallop重叠奔马
22、律 summation gallop开瓣音 opening snap心包扣击音 pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音 tumor plop收缩期喷射音 systolic ejection sounds咯剌音 click心脏杂音 cardiac murmurs层流 lamina flow湍流 turbulent flow旋涡 vortices收缩期杂音 systolic murmur舒张期杂音 diastolic murmur连续性杂音 continuous murmur心包摩擦音 pericardial friction sound脱落脉 dropped pulse洪脉 pulsus
23、magnus跳脉 bounding pulse细脉 small pulse丝脉 thready pulse水冲脉 water hammer pulse迟脉 pulsus tardus重搏脉 dicrotic pulse交替脉 pulsus alternans奇脉 paradoxical pulse无脉病 pulseless血压 blood pressure / BP脉压 pulse pressure颈静脉嗡鸣声 venous hum射枪音 pistol shot 毛细血管搏动 capillary pulsation心包积液 pericardial effusion毛细血管楔嵌压 pulmona
24、ry capillary wedge pressure / PCWP第 6章 腹部左季肋部 left hypochondrium左腰部 left lumber region左髂部 left iliac region上腹部 epigastric region脐部 umbilical region下腹部 hypogastric region腹部膨隆 abdominal bulge腹水 ascites蛙腹 frog belly尖腹 apical belly气腹 pneumoperitoneum舟状腹 scaphoid abdomen腹部凹陷 abdominal retraction恶病质 cache
25、xia腹壁静脉曲张 abdominal wall varicosis海蛇神头 caput medusae胃肠型 gastral or intestinal pattern蠕动波 peristalsis板状腹 board-like rigidity揉面感 dough kneading sensation压痛 tenderness反跳痛 rebound tenderness波动感 fluctuation肝震颤 liver thrill液波震颤 fluid thrill振水音 succussion胃泡鼓音区 Traube 区移动性浊音 shifting dullness尺压实验 ruler pres
26、sing test肠鸣音 borborygmus搔弹音 scratch sound急性腹膜炎 acute peritonitis肝硬化 liver cirrhosis蜘蛛志 spider肝掌 liver palms蛙腹 frog belly肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction第七章 生殖器、肛门、直肠阴茎 penis勃起 erection包皮 prepuce阴囊 scrotum精索 spermatic cord睾丸 testis会阴 perineum 隐睾症 cryptorchism附睾 epididymis腹股沟斜疝 indirect inguinal hernia前列腺 e
27、pididymis精囊 seminal vesicle 阴阜 mons veneris大阴唇 labium majus pudendi小阴唇 labium minus pudendi阴蒂 clitoris阴道前庭 vestibulum vaginae 阴道 vagina处女膜 hymen子宫 uterus 输卵管 oviduct卵巢 ovary直肠 rectum肛门 anus 肛管 anal canal肛门闭锁 proctatresia肛裂 anal fissure痔 hemorrhoid内痔 internal hemorrhoid外痔 external hemorrhoid混合痔 mixed
28、 hemorrhoid肛瘘 archosyrinx 直肠脱垂 proctoptosis 脱肛 hedrocele直肠息肉 proctopolypus第 8章 脊柱与四肢脊柱 spine 驼背 gibbus脊柱前凸 lordosis姿势性侧凸 posture scoliosis器械性侧凸 organic scoliosis四肢 four limbs关节 articulus匙状甲 koilonychia杵状指 acropachy肢端肥大症 acromegaly膝内翻 genua varus膝外翻 genua valgus肌肉萎缩 muscle atrophy淋巴性水肿 lymphedema象皮肿
29、elephant edema爪行手 claw hand浮髌现象 floating patella phenomenon第 9章 神经系统检查嗅神经 olfactory nerve视神经 optic nerve视力 vission视野 visual feild动眼神经 oculomotor nerve滑车神经 trochlear nerve三叉神经 trigeminus展神经 abduct nerve面神经 facial nerve位听神经 auditory nerve舌咽神经 glossopharyngeal nerve迷走神经 Vagus nerve副神经 accessory nerve舌下
30、神经 hypoglossal nerve偏瘫 hemiparalysis单瘫 monoplegia截瘫 paraplegia 交叉瘫 crossed paralysis肌力 myodynamia肌张力 muscular tone痉挛性 spasticity强直性 rigidity齿轮强直 cogwheel rigidity震颤 tremor震颤麻痹 Parkinson disease舞蹈样运动 chorea手足徐动 athetosis手足搐搦 tetany助产士手 obstertrician hand摸空症 carphology共济失调 ataxia指鼻实验 finger nose test指
31、指实验 ringer finger test轮替动作 alternate motion跟-膝-胫实验 heel-knee-tibia best痛觉 analgia 温度觉 thalposis触觉 thigmesthesia关节觉 arthresthesia震动觉 seismesthesia复合感觉 synaesthesia反射 reflex角膜反射 corneal reflex腹壁反射 abdomenal wall reflex提睾反射 cremasteric reflex跖反射 plantar reflex肱二头肌反射 biceps reflex肱三头肌反射 triceps reflex桡骨
32、骨膜反射radioperiosteal reflex膝反射 knee jerk跟腱反射 Achilles jerk阵挛 clonus踝阵挛 ankle clonus髌阵挛 patells clonus眼心反射 oculo-cardiac reflex竖毛反射 pilomotor reflex皮肤划纹征 dermographism第四篇 器械检查第 1章：心电图除极化 depolarization动作电位 action potential复极化 repolarization心电综合向量 resultant vector希氏束 His bundle缺血性改变 myocardial ischemia
33、损伤性改变 myocardial injury单相曲线 monophasic curve肢体导联 limb leads胸导联 chest leads顺钟向电位 clokwise rotation逆钟向转位 counterclockwise rotation起搏点 pacemaker绝对不应期 absolute refractory period有效不应期 effective refractory period相对不应期 relative refractory period心电生理检查 transesophageal atrial pacing / TEAP动态心电图 ambulatory el
34、etrocardiography心电图运动负荷试验 ECG exercise test平板运动试验 treadmill test踏车运动试验 bicycle ergometer test第 2章：肺功能检查肺容积 basal lung volume基础肺容量 basal lung capacity潮气容积 tidal volume, TV补呼吸容积 expiratory reserve volume,ERV深吸气量 inspiratory capacity,IC肺活量 vital capacity,VC功能残气量 functional residual capacity肺总量 total lu
35、ng capacity,TLC 残气容积 residual volume,RV每分钟静息通气量 minute ventilation,MV最大通气量 maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV用力肺活量 forced vital capacity,FVC 最大呼气中段流量 maximal mid-expiratory flow curve,MMEF肺泡通气量 alveolar ventilation生理无效腔 dead space ventilation最大呼气中段时间 maximal mid-expiratory time最大呼气流量 peak expiratory
36、flow,PEF通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio弥散量 diffusing capacity闭合容积 closing volume最大呼气流量-容积曲线 maximum expiratory flow-volume curve,MEFV静态肺顺应性 static lung compliance动态肺顺应性 dynamic lung compliance实际碳酸氢 actual bicarbonate，AB标准碳酸氢 standard bicarbonate,SB缓冲碱 buffer bases剩余碱 bases excess血浆 CO2含量 total p
37、lasma CO2 contentCO2结合力 carbon dioxide combining power, CO2-CP阴离子间隙 anion gap,AG高碳酸血症后碱中毒 posthypercapnic alkalosis支气管灌洗 bronchial lavage（BL）支气管肺泡灌洗 bronchial-alveolar lavage（BAL）第三章：临床技术修正诊断 diagnosis correcting导尿术 catheterization胸膜腔穿刺术 thoracentesis胸膜活检术 pleura biopsy心包腔穿刺术 pericardiocentesis肝穿刺活检
38、术 liver biospy肝穿刺抽脓术 liver abscess puncture肾穿刺活检术 renal biospy骨髓穿刺术 bone marrow puncture淋巴结穿刺术 lymphnode puncture腰椎穿刺术 lumbar puncture中心静脉压 central venous pressure胃液采集术 gastric juice collection最大胃酸分泌量 maximal acid output峰胃酸排泌量 peak acid output十二指肠引流术 duodenal drainage荟萃分析 meta-analysis心血管造影 agiocardiography血管通透性 vasopermeability第四章：
