1、跨文化交际试题中央广播电视大学 20022003 学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨文化交际试题注 意 事 项一、将你的准考证号、学生证号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可以离开考二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。Paper 1 Listening Test (15 points)Information for candidates:There are two par
2、ts to the test and you will hear each part twice.There will be a pause before each Fart to allow you to Look through the questions and other pauses to let you think about your answers.Write your answers in the spaces indicated in the test paper.You will have ten minutes at the end of the listening t
3、est to trall5fer your answers to the answer sheet.Part 1 A Discussion (8 points)You are going to listen to a discussion between two people on a particular topic. You will hear it twice. Answer the following questions during and after your listening. You would do your best to answer questions 1-2 aft
4、er the first listening. and then answer questions 3-8 after the second listening.Choose the best answer according to what you learn from the discussion:1. The two r3eoPle are discussing .A. Shakespeare and trust B. Oriental facial featuresC. European facial expressions D. People and facial masks2. W
5、hich of the following lists contains a culture NOT mentioned in the discussion?A. American; Japanese; Italian B. Spanish; Romanian; ChineseC. British; Japanese; Spanish D. British; Chinese; Italian3. A person who is “poker faced“ is one who .A. is emotionally unstable B. lacks emotional feelingsC. d
6、oesn“t show emotions D. plays cards very well4. Confucian ideology seems to emphasize .A. social harmony B. oriental culturesC. joy and sadness D. organized obedience5. Displays of emotion are NOT common amongst .A. Japanese B. ItaliansC. Americans D. Spaniards6. Self-image seems to be most importan
7、t to .A. Americans and Japanese B. Americans and EuropeansC. Chinese and Europeans D. Chinese and Japanese7. British men and women have .A. similar emotional expressions B. different emotional expressionsC. stiff upper lips D. poker faces8. Non-verbal signals often reflect .A. cultural impressions B
8、. feelings of the countryC. country and culture D. cultural societiesPart 2 A Lecture (7 points)You will hear part of a lecture by a visiting foreign scholar about American friendships. As you listen, answer questions 9-15.The sentences below summarize the main points of the lecture. Listen carefull
9、y and write in the words used by the lecturer to fill the gaps in the sentences.9. The lecturer says that the development of a really deep friendship depends on .10. A “best friend“ type of friendship between people of the same sex generally revolves around similar recreational activities , general
10、philosophical agreement, and .11. When friends are apart for some time it doesn“t take long for the friends to once again resume an relationship.12. When friends tell lies and expect their “friends“ to support them in their lies this produces because of individuals values and beliefs.13. Americans s
11、ometimes rend to best friends.14. Casual friends are not expected to trouble themselves too much to give each other help or support. Only a “best friend“ is expected to make to help someone who is In trouble.15. Overall there are many different types of friendships, which means that different friend
12、s have different from their friendships.*This is the end of the listening test*Paper 2 Communication Analysis (30 points)The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired fo
13、r more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 16 (10 points)Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China“s most famou
14、s dishes. You“ll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don“t like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 17 (10 points)Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.F
15、eng Li: I don“t know where it went wrong!Tom, Don“t feel so bad. Cheer up, you“ve done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I“ll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children“s games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom,
16、 I“ve never taken the experiment as child s play, and I“m playing the game.Feng Li: You say you“re playing the game! It“s a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 18 (10 points)Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several t
17、hings that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a years exchange.Jim had never bee
18、n to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical piano concert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This ha
19、ppened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the p
20、ianist remained on the stage.*This is the end of Paper 2*Paper 3 Vocabulary (10 points)Choose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the words.Communi
21、ty white lies Dutch courage grey areaskin terms vocation below the belt buying a roundlive and let live trouble and strife foot the bill recreation19. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .20. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he
22、would .21. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.22. There are many different used when talking about people“s relationships in China.23. “Mike! Meet Jane, the .“24. “Ok, the argument is over. Let“s forget it, you know.“25. People in English speaking
23、 countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .26. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.27. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that her hus
24、band had left her for another woman.28. In China there is a real sense of in social situations.*This is the end of Paper 3 *Paper 4 TranslationQuestion 29 (15 points)Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by “Inter
25、cultural Communications“ or “IC“? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called “cross-cultural communications“ or “com
26、parative culture“ , scholars most often use the prefix “inter“ with the word “cultural“ to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied
27、 linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US
28、or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied lin
29、guistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoi
30、ng national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for co
31、nsidering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication.*This is the end of Paper 4*Paper 5 Reading (30 points)Passage 1 Qu
32、estions 30-35 (16 points)In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary r
33、ole. Take the word “chairman“ for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in “man“. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of “chair“ and “ma
34、n“. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of “ cup“ and “ board“. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final sylla
35、ble is pronounced /m“n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women
36、 in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as “chairperson“ or “chair“, so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; “Who is chair of the committee?“Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as “postman“, “fireman“ and “policeman“ with mo
37、re clearly neutral terms such as “postal worker“, fire-fighter“ and “police officer. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as “man in the street“ and titles such as “Peking Man“? What about those w
38、ords where the male meaning of “man“ is no longer dominant, such as “manhandle“?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that “Postal workers are to re
39、ceive a pay increase.“ But “Has the postman been?“ would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here “postman remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Tu
40、rkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English!Answer the following questions according to the above text:90. The general use of the
41、word “man“ added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelings B. sexual freedomC. sexist ideas D. sexist bias .31. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can“t make up their minds on the issueD.
42、people think the issue is unimportant and not serious32. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word “chairman“?33. What does the author argue for when the example “manhandle“ is given?34. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?35. What is the au
43、thor“s argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 36-44 (14 points)Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is
44、meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers.“We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity,“ said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab“s exe
45、cutive vice president for investment advice and products. “ While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically. “Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several oth
46、ers, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether comput
47、ers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having
48、 institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. “I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection,“ said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line“s research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s
