1、四级图画作文,作文四大要素,根据教育部公布的大纲解析，大作文四大要素为描述、寓意、分析、评论。 根据历年考题，首段应是图画描述，不应发表太多议论，否则属于跑题。 图画描述至少应有两句，根据大纲解析，如果图画只字未提，扣三分之一的分数；如果图画只描述一句，属于描述不充分，扣3分。,写作框架：,1）第一段主要是描述图画中的信息和表达的含义。 2）第二段的全文的重点，一般都是要求具体分析图画中暗含的社会现象。 3）第三段的要求一般视具体的试题而定，有的要求给出自己的评论、有的要求举例、有的要求考生提出自己的建议以及针对现象应该采取的措施。 Tips：第二段和第三段的开头最好写一个主题句，既可以防止离
2、题，又符合英文写作的习惯。,论说文框架结构：3段，12句，160200词，57个关联词，57个从句 第一段：引言/起始/淘金段，图画描述，3句 1. 总体描述：人物/动物/事物动作环境 1句 2. 挖掘细节词、串连成句： 1句 3. 文字说明/象征寓意： 1句,第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5句 1. 主题句：象征寓意，1句 2. 论证：3句 1）因果论证 2) 举例论证 3) 联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象） 4)正反论证 3. 小结：概括论证，总结本段 1句,第三段：结论段，建议措施，4句 1. 结论句：1句 2. 针对双方提建议：2句 3. 包
3、装结尾、展望未来：1句Only in this way can we solve this problem. It is high time that we solved this problem.,专题一,第一段套话如何描述,首段写法,其实，阅卷教师最重视的就是大作文第一段，也是最难写的段落，盲目套用模板、空发议论，容易导致低分。 阅卷教师最希望看到的写法是: 首句总体描述图画，点出人物、动作和环境； 次句挖掘细节词、串连成句，将图中细节一网打尽；（根据情况而定） 末句点出文字说明或象征寓意。可以发表议论，最好不要太多。,描述图画的常用词,有关图画的名词 描述图画的形容词 修饰动词的副词 “
4、寓意”、“字幕”如何翻译？,替换picture的词语,drawing 指用线条或色彩绘成的图画。 cartoon 指幽默或讽刺性漫画。(amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine, esp one that comments satirically on current events (报刊上的)漫画；（尤指）时事讽刺画。) portrait 指肖像，只用于指人。,描述图画的形容词,thought-provoking发人深省的 enlightening 有启迪作用/使人感悟的 compelling/striking/intriguing引人注目/引起兴
5、趣 profound含义深刻 =far-reaching implications instructive有益的（=informative）（搭配ADV: extremely, highly, most, particularly, very/quite ） amusing 令人发笑的， ridiculous 荒谬可笑的 illuminating (particularly revealing or helpful) 富有启发性的；很有助益的； impressive 印象深刻的， exaggerative 夸张的,修饰动词的副词：,graphically/ vividly生动地 symboli
6、cally象征性地 conspicuously/clearly /explicitly清晰地 subtly巧妙地，精细地,寓意：,moral/ implications/ messagehave a profound implication be pregnant with meaning entertain a thought deeply,字幕:,Caption: words printed with an illustration or a photograph in order to describe or explain it （附於插图、照片上的）说明文字1) We are inf
7、ormed by the caption that “_”. 2）The caption reads/indicates that “_”.,第一句 概括性句子怎么写？,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above, 描述图画 . The cartoon subtly 巧妙地 and symbolically 象征性地 depicts a thought-provoking scenario 场景 in which + 描述图画 . What is clearly illustrated/ presented /portrayed/described
8、in the drawing above is that + 描述图画. It is symbolically/ explicitly明白地/ vividly illustrated/ demonstrated in the drawing that + 描述图画,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above, the boy expresses his worries about the disposal of nuclear wastes, while his father asks him to empty the dustbin in the
9、room first.,What is clearly illustrated in the drawing above is that a student holds the opinion that the basic math skill might be outdated by the time hes in the job market while his teacher is teaching mathematics.,The cartoon subtly and symbolically depicts a thought-provoking scenario in which
10、a teacher asks his student to read a work of literature as if he were reading a long text-message.,练一个呗，亲,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above，two men, dressed in traditional Arabian clothes, are watching the construction of ancient pyramid, which is the amazing achievement of teamwork.,再练习一个
11、呗,It is explictly demonstrated in the drawing that two travellers are wading across mountains and grasslands with heavy baggages on their shoulders.,第二句由图片描述上升到文字说明或寓意的阐释,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above, the boy expresses his worries about the disposal of nuclear wastes, however, his fat
12、her asks him to empty the dustbin in the room first. Funny and common as the conversation sounds, it reflects that the father intends to advise his son to do small things before undertaking big.,What is conspicuously illustrated in the drawing above is that a student holds the opinion that the basic
13、 math skill might be outdated by the time hes in the job market while his teacher is teaching mathematics. The picture implicitly raises the question of the importance of the fundamental skills students learn in our classes.,The cartoon subtly and symbolically depicts a thought-provoking scenario in
14、 which a teacher asks his student to read a work of literature as if he were reading a long text-message. Obviously, the symbolical meaning of this picture is to show us the importance of reading literature.,As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above，two men, dressed in traditional Arabian clothes,
15、 are watching the construction of ancient pyramid, which is the amazing achievement of teamwork. Indeed, the pyramid could not have been built if there werent hundreds and thousands of people, indicating the importance of teamwork spirit.,It is graphically demonstrated in the drawing that two travel
16、lers are wading across mountains and grasslands with heavy baggages on their shoulders. There is no denying that life is just like a process of travelling, which is full of ups and downs, happiness and sorrow, oppotunities and challenges.,由浅入深之句型,Simple and funny as the cartoon is, it reflects that
17、The picture implicitly raises the question of the importance of The picture seems to be humorous at first glance/sight，but on second thoughts (=after reconsideration), you can find the fact that_.,主体段落如何写？,第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5句 1. 主题句：象征寓意，1句 2. 论证：3句 1）因果论证 2) 举例论证 3) 联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想
18、为抽象） 4)正反论证 3. 小结：概括论证，总结本段 1句,topic sentence,development: sub idea 1,development: sub idea2& contrary idea,brief conclusion,Linking devices,主题句（全段核心，全文关键,必写）,What can be inferred in this picture is virtually a prevalent social issue and the significance of _. The purpose of the picture is to inform
19、/remind us of the fact that we should not neglect the significance of _. The unique metaphor in this enlightening drawing endows us with the notion that _.,过渡句(“原因如下” ）的表述： Several factors, (both individual and social), could account for the (negative/ positive) phenomenon. The reasons for the pheno
20、menon may be complicated, but we can , to a large extent，ascribe/ owe/attribute (归结于) it to the following factors.,The purpose of the picture is to remind us of the fact that we should not neglect the significance of fundamental skills. （主题句） The reasons for the phenomenon can be attributed to the f
21、ollowing factors. （过渡句） 找原因！2-3条,1. 学习基础知识不但 能帮助我们获得 高等的技能，还能 培养我们的情操。 2. 基本技能永远不会 过时，因为它在 日常生活和工作中 仍然具有实用性。,mastering the basic skills can not only help us acquire the advanced skills, but also cultuvate our characters along the way we learn it. the basic skills will never be out of date and they r
22、emain very practical in our daily life and work.,1. 学习基础知识不但 能帮助我们获得 高等的技能，还能 培养我们的情操。 2. 基本技能永远不会 过时，因为它在 日常生活和工作中 仍然具有实用性。,下面具体指出几个原因，第一个原因可以用 Among the most important reasons cited by people is. One of the most popular reasons is. 第二个原因可以用： Another important reason is. Also playing a part is. 第三个
23、原因可以用： The third reason, which can not be neglected, is that. In addition, (名词) is also responsible for the phenomenon. last but not least, ,on the one hand, mastering the basic skills can not only help us acquire the advanced skills, but also cultuvate our characters along the way we learn it.on th
24、e other hand, the basic skills will never be out of date and they remain very practical in our daily life and work.,for one thing, for another,The unique metaphor in this enlightening drawing endows us with the notion that it is necessary to deal with trival things. Several factors could account for the phenomenon. 找原因1+2,1. 做小事能够培养我们的情操，而这正是 做大事所需要的。 2.,
